Arthropathy of KneeNCT07758361
The Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Pain, Anxiety and Sleep in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
A study testing Virtual Reality Group in people with Arthropathy of Knee, run by Sennur Kula Şahin at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Knee osteoarthritis, which occurs after degeneration of the knee joint with age, is common in women after 65 years of age and surgical methods are generally used in the treatment of deformity, pain and limitation of movement. This surgical procedure is different from other surgical procedures. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Arthropathy of Knee
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Group
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 94 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 5 Jan 2024to 30 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients undergoing elective primary total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis
- Patients able to communicate in Turkish
- Patients mobilized on the first postoperative day according to the hospital's standard postoperative care protocol
- Patients with a postoperative pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale
- Patients providing written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Patients experiencing postoperative complications (e.g., severe bleeding, persistent nausea or vomiting),
- Cognitive or sensory impairment,
- Psychiatric disorders, communication difficulties, history of dizziness, uncontrolled hypertension, or patients using sedative or anxiolytic drugs were excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istinye University
Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, 34010
About this study
Official title: It Was Planned as a Single-blind Randomized Controlled Study to Determine the Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Pain, Anxiety and Sleep in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Knee osteoarthritis, which occurs after degeneration of the knee joint with age, is common in women after 65 years of age and surgical methods are generally used in the treatment of deformity, pain and limitation of movement. This surgical procedure is different from other surgical procedures.
It takes a long time to perform activities of daily living and return to quality life. At the same time, pain, anxiety and sleep disorders are among the most common problems in the postoperative period. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological methods (listening to music, watching movies, daydreaming, humor, virtual reality application, laughter) are used to reduce these problems. In recent years, especially virtual reality application has started to be used as a distraction-based approach in recent years. Virtual reality is the artificial creation of a three-dimensional environment through computer technology. In this application, it is ensured that the individual feels that he/she is a part of the created virtual environment with immersive environments that seem effective. This study was planned to determine the effect of virtual reality glasses on pain, anxiety and sleep in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The study will be conducted with participants who are willing to participate in the study and whose consent has been obtained.
Read more
One group will receive virtual reality goggles (experiment) and the other group will receive standard care.
Control group
They will be asked to evaluate their level of "Anxiety and Pain" before and two days after Total Knee Arthroplasty surgery and their level of Sleep at their convenience after waking up the next day.
Experimental group
In addition to the standard care and practices applied to the participants in the control group, you will be asked to watch videos of relaxing nature scenes wearing "Virtual Reality Goggles". These videos last 30 minutes. You will be asked to fill in the same scales for two days preoperatively and two days postoperatively as the participants in the control group.
Read the detailed description
For Patient Registries: Also describe the applicable registry procedures and other quality factors (for example, third party certification, on-site audit). In particular, summarize any procedures implemented as part of the patient registry, including, but not limited to the following:
Quality assurance plan that addresses data validation and registry procedures, including any plans for site monitoring and auditing.
Data checks to compare data entered into the registry against predefined rules for range or consistency with other data fields in the registry.
Source data verification to assess the accuracy, completeness, or representativeness of registry data by comparing the data to external data sources (for example, medical records, paper or electronic case report forms, or interactive voice response systems).
Data dictionary that contains detailed descriptions of each variable used by the registry, including the source of the variable, coding information if used (for example, World Health Organization Drug Dictionary, MedDRA), and normal ranges if relevant.
Standard Operating Procedures to address registry operations and analysis activities, such as patient recruitment, data collection, data management, data analysis, reporting for adverse events, and change management.
Sample size assessment to specify the number of participants or participant years necessary to demonstrate an effect.
Plan for missing data to address situations where variables are reported as missing, unavailable, non-reported, uninterpretable, or considered missing because of data inconsistency or out-of-range results.
Statistical analysis plan describing the analytical principles and statistical techniques to be employed in order to address the primary and
- Conditions
- Arthropathy of Knee
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Group
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality GroupDevice
Participants received standard postoperative care plus a nurse-guided virtual reality intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Group | Experimental | Participants received standard postoperative care plus a nurse-guided virtual reality intervention. Receives: Device: Virtual Reality Group |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants received standard postoperative care according to the orthopaedic clinic protocol. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Postoperative pain intensity measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), with higher scores indicating greater pain.
Measured: Immediately before and immediately after each VR session on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Aug 2026
- Study start5 Jan 2024
- Primary completion30 Mar 2024
- Study completion30 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Arthropathy of KneeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Patients who did not receive virtual reality goggles (control group) will receive standard care and treatment. They will be asked to fill out the "State Anxiety Inventory Scale" and "Pain Visual Comparison Scale" form on the first and second postoperative day, and the "Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale" form when appropriate after waking up the next day. Virtual reality goggles were applied (experimental group): In addition to the standard care and treatment practices applied to the patients in the control group, they will be asked to watch videos with relaxing nature views with virtual reality glasses. These videos will be shown for 20-25 minutes twice a day, 2-3 hours after surgery and on the second day, in the morning and evening hours (before sleep) without analgesic administration (at least one hour). Scales will be administered to determine pain, anxiety and sleep levels immediately before and after wearing the virtual glasses.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 94 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sennur Kula Şahin
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Sennur Kula Şahin, Istinye University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07758361
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- No sponsor support
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- It Was Planned as a Single-blind Randomized Controlled Study to Determine the Effect of Virtual Reality Goggles on Pain, Anxiety and Sleep in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07758361
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- No sponsor support
- Conditions
- Arthropathy of Knee
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 94 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Sennur Kula ŞahinUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Knee osteoarthritis, which occurs after degeneration of the knee joint with age, is common in women after 65 years of age and surgical methods are generally used in the treatment of deformity, pain and limitation of movement. This surgical procedure is different from other surgical procedures.
It takes a long time to perform activities of daily living and return to quality life. At the same time, pain, anxiety and sleep disorders are among the most common problems in the postoperative period. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological methods (listening to music, watching movies, daydreaming, humor, virtual reality application, laughter) are used to reduce these problems. In recent years, especially virtual reality application has started to be used as a distraction-based approach in recent years. Virtual reality is the artificial creation of a three-dimensional environment through computer technology. In this application, it is ensured that the individual feels that he/she is a part of the created virtual environment with immersive environments that seem effective. This study was planned to determine the effect of virtual reality glasses on pain, anxiety and sleep in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The study will be conducted with participants who are willing to participate in the study and whose consent has been obtained.
One group will receive virtual reality goggles (experiment) and the other group will receive standard care.
Control group
They will be asked to evaluate their level of "Anxiety and Pain" before and two days after Total Knee Arthroplasty surgery and their level of Sleep at their convenience after waking up the next day.
Experimental group
In addition to the standard care and practices applied to the participants in the control group, you will be asked to watch videos of relaxing nature scenes wearing "Virtual Reality Goggles". These videos last 30 minutes. You will be asked to fill in the same scales for two days preoperatively and two days postoperatively as the participants in the control group.
Detailed description
For Patient Registries: Also describe the applicable registry procedures and other quality factors (for example, third party certification, on-site audit). In particular, summarize any procedures implemented as part of the patient registry, including, but not limited to the following:
Quality assurance plan that addresses data validation and registry procedures, including any plans for site monitoring and auditing.
Data checks to compare data entered into the registry against predefined rules for range or consistency with other data fields in the registry.
Source data verification to assess the accuracy, completeness, or representativeness of registry data by comparing the data to external data sources (for example, medical records, paper or electronic case report forms, or interactive voice response systems).
Data dictionary that contains detailed descriptions of each variable used by the registry, including the source of the variable, coding information if used (for example, World Health Organization Drug Dictionary, MedDRA), and normal ranges if relevant.
Standard Operating Procedures to address registry operations and analysis activities, such as patient recruitment, data collection, data management, data analysis, reporting for adverse events, and change management.
Sample size assessment to specify the number of participants or participant years necessary to demonstrate an effect.
Plan for missing data to address situations where variables are reported as missing, unavailable, non-reported, uninterpretable, or considered missing because of data inconsistency or out-of-range results.
Statistical analysis plan describing the analytical principles and statistical techniques to be employed in order to address the primary and
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Patients who did not receive virtual reality goggles (control group) will receive standard care and treatment. They will be asked to fill out the "State Anxiety Inventory Scale" and "Pain Visual Comparison Scale" form on the first and second postoperative day, and the "Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale" form when appropriate after waking up the next day. Virtual reality goggles were applied (experimental group): In addition to the standard care and treatment practices applied to the patients in the control group, they will be asked to watch videos with relaxing nature views with virtual reality glasses. These videos will be shown for 20-25 minutes twice a day, 2-3 hours after surgery and on the second day, in the morning and evening hours (before sleep) without analgesic administration (at least one hour). Scales will be administered to determine pain, anxiety and sleep levels immediately before and after wearing the virtual glasses.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Group | Experimental | Device: Virtual Reality GroupParticipants received standard postoperative care plus a nurse-guided virtual reality intervention. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants received standard postoperative care according to the orthopaedic clinic protocol. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients undergoing elective primary total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis
- Patients able to communicate in Turkish
- Patients mobilized on the first postoperative day according to the hospital's standard postoperative care protocol
- Patients with a postoperative pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale
- Patients providing written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Patients experiencing postoperative complications (e.g., severe bleeding, persistent nausea or vomiting),
- Cognitive or sensory impairment,
- Psychiatric disorders, communication difficulties, history of dizziness, uncontrolled hypertension, or patients using sedative or anxiolytic drugs were excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality GroupParticipants received standard postoperative care plus a nurse-guided virtual reality intervention. | Device | Virtual Reality Group |
Primary outcome
Postoperative pain intensity measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after each VR session on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2
Pain intensity will be assessed using the 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), with higher scores indicating greater pain.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Group in people with Arthropathy of Knee, run by Sennur Kula Şahin at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Postoperative pain intensity measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (time frame: Immediately before and immediately after each VR session on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Aug 2026.