Motion SicknessNCT07297862
Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire: Psychometrics in Stroke Patients
An observational study of Motion Sickness, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of virtual reality on physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing Motion Sickness resulting from virtual reality use. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Motion Sickness
- What is being tested?
- Roller Coaster application
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 16 Jul 2025to 16 Aug 2028
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This prospective study will be conducted in BAIBU Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation on healthy individuals and individuals with stroke who agree to participate in the study. Individuals between the ages of 18-80 will be included in the study. Individuals will be asked to experience VR for 15 minutes and then fill out the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire. Individuals whose score in this questionnaire is not 10 and above will be excluded from the study. Individuals who meet the inclusion criteria will be divided into two groups as healthy and stroke patients after demographic information is obtained.
Who may be able to join
- Stroke diagnosis,
- A minimum score of 24 on the Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT), 2.18-80 years old,
- showing symptoms of MS with a minimum score of 10 on the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire
- Titmus test result of 3552 arc/s
- Not having neglect syndrome
- 1. A minimum score of 24 on the Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT), 2.18-80 years old, 3. showing symptoms of MS with a minimum score of 10 on the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire 4. Titmus test result of 3552 arc/s
Who cannot join
- Not volunteering for the study,
- Presence of a diagnosis of neurological disease other than stroke,
- Presence of a history of previous stroke,
- Complete or partial loss of vision in one eye,
- Previous use of Virtual Reality
- Having diseases affecting the vestibular system such as Vertigo, Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo, Meniere's
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- Not volunteering for the study,
- Presence of a diagnosis of neurological disease,
- Complete or partial loss of vision in one eye,
- Previous use of Virtual Reality
- Having diseases affecting the vestibular system such as Vertigo, Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo, Meniere's
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in Stroke Patients
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of virtual reality on physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing Motion Sickness resulting from virtual reality use.
Read the detailed description
Despite the proven advantages of virtual reality approximately 30% of users report nausea and up to 40% experience eye strain as a result of prolonged exposure to virtual environments and simulators. These problems are referred to as motion sickness (MS) a side effect of virtual reality use.
The Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), which evaluates the symptoms under four titles (gastrointestinal, central, peripheral and fatigue), are used in the literature to evaluate this effect. However, these questionnaires may not be sufficient to assess the MS symptoms that develop after virtual reality (VR) applications. Because MS symptoms occur differently in VR and simulation systems. For this reason, the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) was developed by Kim and his colleagues to evaluate the symptoms that occur after virtual reality. The Turkish validity and reliability of the VRSQ, which consists of 9 questions, was also conducted by Cetin and his friends.
The aim of this study to investigate how virtual reality affects physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing VR-induced motion sickness.
- Conditions
- Motion Sickness
- Being tested
- Roller Coaster application
- Keywords
- Motion Sickness, Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire, Psychometric Properties, Stroke
- Medical subject headings
- Motion Sickness, Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Roller Coaster applicationOther
Participants will experience a 15-minute roller coaster virtual reality (VR) for three consecutive days, once a day. During this study, the virtual reality application will be performed while sitting in a chair and while fixed to the chair. The practitioner will be present with the participant throughout the VR application.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke Group | Not described Receives: Other: Roller Coaster application | |
| Healthy Group | Not described Receives: Other: Roller Coaster application |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire
The Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ), which consists of 9 items and two main headings: oculomotor discomfort and disorientation, will be used to assess Motion Sickness symptoms. The items will be scored between 0-3. As a result of VRSQ oculomotor, disorientation and total scores will be obtained. Oculomotor and disorientation scores will be calculated by dividing the individual's component score by the total score obtained (as a percentage). Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 100. Higher scores mean more symptoms.
Measured: immediately after roller coaster application
Secondary outcomes (8)
Titmus Test
Three-dimensional vision of the participants will be evaluated with the Titmus test with special glasses designed for three-dimensional vision called Binocular vision stereoacuity and a brochure held 40 cm away from eye level. The participant will be asked whether they can see the butterfly on the brochure in three dimensions while wearing the glasses as a yes or no question. Participants who answer yes will proceed to the second stage. In the second stage, they will be asked to say which of the nine squares and four circles in each square they see in three dimensions.
Measured: Baseline
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
With the 15-item National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), patients with stroke; Very Severe: >25 Severe: 15 - 24 Mild to Moderate: 5 - 14 Mild: 1-5 will be used to classify patients. The test will last 10 minutes and items will be scored as 0-2, 0-3 or 0-4. The maximum score to be obtained from the test is 42.
Measured: Baseline
Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT)
For the brief and objective measurement of cognitive function, the Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) will be used, which consists of eleven items grouped under five main headings: orientation, recording memory, attention and calculation, recall and language, and takes 10-15 minutes to administer.
Severe cognitive impairment: 0-17, Mild cognitive impairment: 18-23, No cognitive impairment: 24-30.
Measured: Baseline
The Motion Sensitivity Test (MST)
The Motion Sensitivity Test (MST) assesses movement-induced dizziness through 16 rapid head and body position changes. For each position, participants report the start and end of dizziness, and duration is scored from 1 to 3 based on time. They also rate dizziness intensity from 0 to 5. Duration and intensity scores are summed to obtain a raw score. The MST quotient is calculated by dividing the total symptom scores by 20.48, with 0 indicating no symptoms and 100 indicating severe symptoms in all positions.
Measured: immediately after roller coaster application
Tolerance Period
The patient's tolerance period, the time until symptoms become apparent, will be recorded
Measured: During application
Heart Rate
Participants' heart rate will be recorded with a device before and after the virtual reality experience
Measured: baseline and immediately after roller coaster application
Feeling of discomfort
Discomfort will be calculated by measuring the area marked by the individual from 0 (very comfortable) to 10 (not comfortable at all).
Measured: immediately after roller coaster application
Blood Pressure
Participants' blood pressure will be recorded with a device before and after the virtual reality experience
Measured: baseline and immediately after roller coaster application
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Dec 2025
- Study start16 Jul 2025
- Primary completion15 Jul 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion16 Aug 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Motion SicknessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Beyzanur ŞENTÜRK, Abant Izzet Baysal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07297862
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AIBU-FTR-BS-001
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 20 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in Stroke Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07297862
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AIBU-FTR-BS-001
- Conditions
- Motion Sickness
- Keywords
- Motion Sickness, Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire, Psychometric Properties, Stroke
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jul 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 16 Aug 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of virtual reality on physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing Motion Sickness resulting from virtual reality use.
Detailed description
Despite the proven advantages of virtual reality approximately 30% of users report nausea and up to 40% experience eye strain as a result of prolonged exposure to virtual environments and simulators. These problems are referred to as motion sickness (MS) a side effect of virtual reality use.
The Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ) and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), which evaluates the symptoms under four titles (gastrointestinal, central, peripheral and fatigue), are used in the literature to evaluate this effect. However, these questionnaires may not be sufficient to assess the MS symptoms that develop after virtual reality (VR) applications. Because MS symptoms occur differently in VR and simulation systems. For this reason, the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) was developed by Kim and his colleagues to evaluate the symptoms that occur after virtual reality. The Turkish validity and reliability of the VRSQ, which consists of 9 questions, was also conducted by Cetin and his friends.
The aim of this study to investigate how virtual reality affects physiological factors (heart rate, blood pressure) in stroke patients and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire in assessing VR-induced motion sickness.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke Group | – | Other: Roller Coaster application |
| Healthy Group | – | Other: Roller Coaster application |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This prospective study will be conducted in BAIBU Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation on healthy individuals and individuals with stroke who agree to participate in the study. Individuals between the ages of 18-80 will be included in the study. Individuals will be asked to experience VR for 15 minutes and then fill out the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire. Individuals whose score in this questionnaire is not 10 and above will be excluded from the study. Individuals who meet the inclusion criteria will be divided into two groups as healthy and stroke patients after demographic information is obtained.
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Stroke diagnosis,
- A minimum score of 24 on the Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT), 2.18-80 years old,
- showing symptoms of MS with a minimum score of 10 on the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire
- Titmus test result of 3552 arc/s
- Not having neglect syndrome
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Not volunteering for the study,
- Presence of a diagnosis of neurological disease other than stroke,
- Presence of a history of previous stroke,
- Complete or partial loss of vision in one eye,
- Previous use of Virtual Reality
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Roller Coaster applicationParticipants will experience a 15-minute roller coaster virtual reality (VR) for three consecutive days, once a day. During this study, the virtual reality application will be performed while sitting in a chair and while fixed to the chair. The practitioner will be present with the participant throughout the VR application. | Other | Healthy Group, Stroke Group |
Primary outcome
Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire
Time frame: immediately after roller coaster application
The Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ), which consists of 9 items and two main headings: oculomotor discomfort and disorientation, will be used to assess Motion Sickness symptoms. The items will be scored between 0-3. As a result of VRSQ oculomotor, disorientation and total scores will be obtained. Oculomotor and disorientation scores will be calculated by dividing the individual's component score by the total score obtained (as a percentage). Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 100. Higher scores mean more symptoms.
8 secondary outcomes
Titmus Test
Time frame: Baseline
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Time frame: Baseline
Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT)
Time frame: Baseline
The Motion Sensitivity Test (MST)
Time frame: immediately after roller coaster application
Tolerance Period
Time frame: During application
Heart Rate
Time frame: baseline and immediately after roller coaster application
Feeling of discomfort
Time frame: immediately after roller coaster application
Blood Pressure
Time frame: baseline and immediately after roller coaster application
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Related trials for Motion Sickness
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Vagal Auricular Stimulation for Motion Sickness
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StableEyes With Active Neurofeedback
Vestibular Disorder, Vestibular Schwannoma
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Motion Sickness Severity and Sensorimotor Performance
Motion Sickness, Somatosensory Disorders
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OKT With Gaze and Postural Stabilization on Vertigo, MS and QOL in VBH
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Active, not recruitingPhase 3
Motion Delos: An Open Label Safety and Efficacy of Tradipitant in Participants Affected by Motion Sickness
Motion Sickness
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Motion Sickness, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (time frame: immediately after roller coaster application). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Oct 2026.