Music TherapyNCT07002957
Spiritual Music Therapy for Individuals on Probation
A study testing Spiritual Music Therapy in people with Music Therapy and Spirituality, run by Amasya University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of spiritual music therapy application on the state and trait anxiety, self-esteem and depression levels of individuals on probation and to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual music therapy application. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Music Therapy, Spirituality, Prisoners
- What is being tested?
- Spiritual Music Therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 91 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2024to 31 Mar 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Implementation of probation pursuant to Article 191 of the Turkish Penal Code (Purchasing, accepting or possessing narcotic or stimulant substances for use or using narcotic or stimulant substances)
Who cannot join
- those whose probation period has ended (whose file has been closed)
- those who have entered prison
- those who have changed their address
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Spiritual Music Therapy for Individuals on Probation: A Mixed-Method Randomised Controlled Trial
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of spiritual music therapy application on the state and trait anxiety, self-esteem and depression levels of individuals on probation and to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual music therapy application.
The basic questions of the study are as follows; What did the spiritual music therapy application make you feel? Did it have an effect on state and trait anxiety, self-esteem and depression? The intervention group received 6 weeks of spiritual music therapy by the researcher. Data were collected before and after the intervention. The effect of the intervention was evaluated with open-ended questions. The control group was not treated.
Read the detailed description
In this mixed-method randomized controlled study, individuals on probation who were tried for the same crime were randomly assigned to the intervention (spiritual music therapy) group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The study was approved by the Amasya University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (decision numbered 2024/84) and the Amasya Probation Office (decision numbered 2024/926). The study was prepared in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 guide. The study sample consisted of 140 participants who were subject to probation in accordance with Article 191 of the Turkish Penal Code (Purchasing, accepting or possessing drugs or stimulants for use or using drugs or stimulants) at the Amasya Probation Office between April 2024 and March 2025. In the study, which included individuals over the age of 18, participants whose probation period ended (file closed), who went to prison or who changed their address were excluded from the study. The study was completed with 46 participants in the intervention group and 45 participants in the control group. In the study, six 90-minute sessions of spiritual music therapy were applied to the intervention group once a week. The groups consisted of 14 participants and the study was completed in five groups. No intervention was made to the control group, the group only came for control purposes. The spiritual music therapy application was carried out by the researcher. The applications were carried out in a circular seating plan in an education hall with a fountain in the middle. During the sessions, water sounds, kanun, bendir and musical notes were used. In the first session, information was given about music, music therapy and its history, and information was given about the Turkish Music makam structure and makam differences and the traces these makams leave on the person's body and soul. In addition, the technique of receiving and giving sound was taught. In the next five sessions, Rast, Uşşak, Segâh, Hüseyni and Hicaz makams were listened to with the sound of kanun and water, respectively. Information was provided about the musical and therapeutic status of the modes, 3 pieces related to the relevant mode were taught, performed and information was provided about the spiritual messages, composer and lyricist of the piece. At the same time, rhythm studies were performed with the bendir to accompany the relevant mode. At the end of each session, the mode of the day was listened to with the sound of kanun and water. The primary outcome measurements of the study were made weekly and evaluated at the end of each session. The secondary outcome measurements were completed at the end of each six-week application. The application area, the researcher who carried out the application, the application methods, the researcher who carried out the data collection process and the groups of the participants did not change for any reason and the same protocol was applied until the end of the study.
- Conditions
- Music Therapy, Spirituality, Prisoners
- Being tested
- Spiritual Music Therapy
- Keywords
- Music Therapy, Spirituality, Probation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Spiritual Music TherapyOther
In the first session of the spiritual music therapy application, information was given about music, music therapy and its history, and information was given about the Turkish Music makam structure and makam differences and the traces these makams leave on the person's body and soul. In addition, the technique of receiving and giving sound was taught. In the next five sessions, Rast, Uşşak, Segâh, Hüseyni and Hicaz makams were listened to, accompanied by the sound of kanun and water. Information was given about the musical and therapeutic status of the makams, 3 works related to the relevant makam were taught, performed and information was given about the spiritual messages of the piece, its composer and lyricist. At the same time, rhythm studies were done with the bendir to accompany the relevant makam. At the end of each session, the makam of the day was listened to, accompanied by the sound of kanun and water.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | In the study, the intervention group received six 90-minute sessions of spiritual music therapy once a week. The groups consisted of 14 participants and the study was completed in five groups. Receives: Other: Spiritual Music Therapy |
| Control group | No intervention | No intervention was made to the control group. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
End-of-session qualitative assessment
Spiritual music therapy was applied to 5 groups of 14 participants once a week for 6 sessions. At the end of each session, the effect of the theme covered that week on the participants was measured by asking a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 questions. These questions were; How did the theme covered in this session make you feel? What feelings and thoughts did this session evoke in you? The data was evaluated qualitatively. analyzed. As the primary outcome measure, it was expected that the participants would experience positive feelings at the end of the weekly application.
Measured: During the intervention
State and Trait Anxiety Inventory- Pre test
Developed by Spielberger et al. (1970), it was adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1985). State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) reveals how a person feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) determines how an individual feels, independent of the environment and conditions they are in. There are 40 propositions that individuals can use to express their feelings in the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Depending on how the person feels and the severity of their feelings, they should mark one of the following options: "Not at all" (1), "A little" (2), "A fair amount" (3), "Completely" (4). A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. Cronbach's Alpha values of the scale were determined as 0.83-0.92 for the state anxiety scale and 0.83-0.87 for the trait anxiety scale. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.
Measured: At the time of enrollment
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale -Pre test
Developed by Rosenberg (1965), its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). The scale is a self-report scale consisting of 63 questions. The scale consists of 12 subcategories. The first 10 items of the scale are used to measure self-esteem. Five of these items are positive and five are negative. It is a Likert-type scale consisting of the options "Very True", "True", "False" and "Very False". According to the evaluation system within the scale; questions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 are positive and scored from 3 to 0, while questions 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 are negative and scored from 0 to 3. The total score range is between 0-30 points, and a score below 15 points indicates low self-esteem. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is 0.75. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.
Measured: At the time of enrollment
Beck Depression Inventory -Pre test
The scale developed by Beck and colleagues (1961) is a self-assessment scale consisting of 21 questions used to measure depressive symptoms in areas such as cognitive and emotional coping skills. Each item of the scale aims to measure the degree of symptoms specific to depression, and each item contains self-assessment sentences scored between 0-3 on a four-point Likert type that can describe depressive symptoms in the last week. The total score range on the scale varies between 0-63. The Turkish adaptation was made by Hisli (1989). The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.80. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.
Measured: At the time of enrollment
Secondary outcomes (4)
Qualitative evaluation after intervention
Spiritual music therapy was applied to 5 groups of 14 participants once a week for 6 sessions. After all the sessions were completed, a face-to-face interview was conducted with the participants about how this application made them feel; how it affected their emotions, thoughts and behaviors, relationships and harmony within the group; and semi-structured questions that allowed them to express the most impressive and most negative aspects of the application. As the secondary outcome measure, it was expected that the participants would experience positive emotions at the end of the weekly application.
Measured: At the end of the 6-week treatment
State-Trait Anxiety Scale-Post test
After all the sessions were completed the State-Trait Anxiety Scale was conducted with the participants. Developed by Spielberger et al. (1970), it was adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1985). State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) reveals how a person feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) determines how an individual feels, independent of the environment and conditions they are in. There are 40 propositions that individuals can use to express their feelings in the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Depending on how the person feels and the severity of their feelings, they should mark one of the following options: "Not at all" (1), "A little" (2), "A fair amount" (3), "Completely" (4). A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. Cronbach's Alpha values of the scale were determined as 0.83-0.92 for the state anxiety scale and 0.83-0.87 for the trait anxiety scale.
Measured: At the end of the 6-week treatment
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale -Post test
After all the sessions were completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was conducted with the participants. Developed by Rosenberg (1965), its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). The scale is a self-report scale consisting of 63 questions. The scale consists of 12 subcategories. The first 10 items of the scale are used to measure self-esteem. Five of these items are positive and five are negative. It is a Likert-type scale consisting of the options "Very True", "True", "False" and "Very False". According to the evaluation system within the scale; questions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 are positive and scored from 3 to 0, while questions 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 are negative and scored from 0 to 3. The total score range is between 0-30 points, and a score below 15 points indicates low self-esteem. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is 0.75.
Measured: At the end of the 6-week treatment
Beck Depression Inventory -Post test
After all the sessions were completed the Beck Depression Inventory was conducted with the participants. Beck Depression Inventory: The scale developed by Beck and colleagues (1961) is a self-assessment scale consisting of 21 questions used to measure depressive symptoms in areas such as cognitive and emotional coping skills. Each item of the scale aims to measure the degree of symptoms specific to depression, and each item contains self-assessment sentences scored between 0-3 on a four-point Likert type that can describe depressive symptoms in the last week. The total score range on the scale varies between 0-63. The Turkish adaptation was made by Hisli (1989). The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.80.
Measured: At the end of the 6-week treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2025
- Study start1 Apr 2024
- Primary completion31 Mar 2025
- Study completion31 Mar 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Music TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Mixed methods randomized controlled trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 91 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Amasya University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gonca Ustun, Amasya University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07002957
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Spiritual Music Therapy
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 1 May 2025
- Last updated
- 4 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Spiritual Music Therapy for Individuals on Probation: A Mixed-Method Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07002957
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Spiritual Music Therapy
- Conditions
- Music Therapy, Spirituality, Prisoners
- Keywords
- Music Therapy, Spirituality, Probation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 91 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Amasya UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of spiritual music therapy application on the state and trait anxiety, self-esteem and depression levels of individuals on probation and to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual music therapy application.
The basic questions of the study are as follows; What did the spiritual music therapy application make you feel? Did it have an effect on state and trait anxiety, self-esteem and depression? The intervention group received 6 weeks of spiritual music therapy by the researcher. Data were collected before and after the intervention. The effect of the intervention was evaluated with open-ended questions. The control group was not treated.
Detailed description
In this mixed-method randomized controlled study, individuals on probation who were tried for the same crime were randomly assigned to the intervention (spiritual music therapy) group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The study was approved by the Amasya University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (decision numbered 2024/84) and the Amasya Probation Office (decision numbered 2024/926). The study was prepared in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 guide. The study sample consisted of 140 participants who were subject to probation in accordance with Article 191 of the Turkish Penal Code (Purchasing, accepting or possessing drugs or stimulants for use or using drugs or stimulants) at the Amasya Probation Office between April 2024 and March 2025. In the study, which included individuals over the age of 18, participants whose probation period ended (file closed), who went to prison or who changed their address were excluded from the study. The study was completed with 46 participants in the intervention group and 45 participants in the control group. In the study, six 90-minute sessions of spiritual music therapy were applied to the intervention group once a week. The groups consisted of 14 participants and the study was completed in five groups. No intervention was made to the control group, the group only came for control purposes. The spiritual music therapy application was carried out by the researcher. The applications were carried out in a circular seating plan in an education hall with a fountain in the middle. During the sessions, water sounds, kanun, bendir and musical notes were used. In the first session, information was given about music, music therapy and its history, and information was given about the Turkish Music makam structure and makam differences and the traces these makams leave on the person's body and soul. In addition, the technique of receiving and giving sound was taught. In the next five sessions, Rast, Uşşak, Segâh, Hüseyni and Hicaz makams were listened to with the sound of kanun and water, respectively. Information was provided about the musical and therapeutic status of the modes, 3 pieces related to the relevant mode were taught, performed and information was provided about the spiritual messages, composer and lyricist of the piece. At the same time, rhythm studies were performed with the bendir to accompany the relevant mode. At the end of each session, the mode of the day was listened to with the sound of kanun and water. The primary outcome measurements of the study were made weekly and evaluated at the end of each session. The secondary outcome measurements were completed at the end of each six-week application. The application area, the researcher who carried out the application, the application methods, the researcher who carried out the data collection process and the groups of the participants did not change for any reason and the same protocol was applied until the end of the study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Mixed methods randomized controlled trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Other: Spiritual Music TherapyIn the study, the intervention group received six 90-minute sessions of spiritual music therapy once a week. The groups consisted of 14 participants and the study was completed in five groups. |
| Control group | No intervention | –No intervention was made to the control group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Implementation of probation pursuant to Article 191 of the Turkish Penal Code (Purchasing, accepting or possessing narcotic or stimulant substances for use or using narcotic or stimulant substances)
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- those whose probation period has ended (whose file has been closed)
- those who have entered prison
- those who have changed their address
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Spiritual Music TherapyIn the first session of the spiritual music therapy application, information was given about music, music therapy and its history, and information was given about the Turkish Music makam structure and makam differences and the traces these makams leave on the person's body and soul. In addition, the technique of receiving and giving sound was taught. In the next five sessions, Rast, Uşşak, Segâh, Hüseyni and Hicaz makams were listened to, accompanied by the sound of kanun and water. Information was given about the musical and therapeutic status of the makams, 3 works related to the relevant makam were taught, performed and information was given about the spiritual messages of the piece, its composer and lyricist. At the same time, rhythm studies were done with the bendir to accompany the relevant makam. At the end of each session, the makam of the day was listened to, accompanied by the sound of kanun and water. | Other | Intervention group |
Primary outcome
End-of-session qualitative assessment
Time frame: During the intervention
Spiritual music therapy was applied to 5 groups of 14 participants once a week for 6 sessions. At the end of each session, the effect of the theme covered that week on the participants was measured by asking a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 questions. These questions were; How did the theme covered in this session make you feel? What feelings and thoughts did this session evoke in you? The data was evaluated qualitatively. analyzed. As the primary outcome measure, it was expected that the participants would experience positive feelings at the end of the weekly application.
State and Trait Anxiety Inventory- Pre test
Time frame: At the time of enrollment
Developed by Spielberger et al. (1970), it was adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1985). State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) reveals how a person feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) determines how an individual feels, independent of the environment and conditions they are in. There are 40 propositions that individuals can use to express their feelings in the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Depending on how the person feels and the severity of their feelings, they should mark one of the following options: "Not at all" (1), "A little" (2), "A fair amount" (3), "Completely" (4). A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. Cronbach's Alpha values of the scale were determined as 0.83-0.92 for the state anxiety scale and 0.83-0.87 for the trait anxiety scale. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale -Pre test
Time frame: At the time of enrollment
Developed by Rosenberg (1965), its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). The scale is a self-report scale consisting of 63 questions. The scale consists of 12 subcategories. The first 10 items of the scale are used to measure self-esteem. Five of these items are positive and five are negative. It is a Likert-type scale consisting of the options "Very True", "True", "False" and "Very False". According to the evaluation system within the scale; questions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 are positive and scored from 3 to 0, while questions 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 are negative and scored from 0 to 3. The total score range is between 0-30 points, and a score below 15 points indicates low self-esteem. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is 0.75. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.
Beck Depression Inventory -Pre test
Time frame: At the time of enrollment
The scale developed by Beck and colleagues (1961) is a self-assessment scale consisting of 21 questions used to measure depressive symptoms in areas such as cognitive and emotional coping skills. Each item of the scale aims to measure the degree of symptoms specific to depression, and each item contains self-assessment sentences scored between 0-3 on a four-point Likert type that can describe depressive symptoms in the last week. The total score range on the scale varies between 0-63. The Turkish adaptation was made by Hisli (1989). The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.80. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.
4 secondary outcomes
Qualitative evaluation after intervention
Time frame: At the end of the 6-week treatment
State-Trait Anxiety Scale-Post test
Time frame: At the end of the 6-week treatment
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale -Post test
Time frame: At the end of the 6-week treatment
Beck Depression Inventory -Post test
Time frame: At the end of the 6-week treatment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Spiritual Music Therapy in people with Music Therapy and Spirituality, run by Amasya University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
End-of-session qualitative assessment (time frame: During the intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jun 2025.