Dental AnxietyMI-DENTNCT07240233
Musical Intervention for Dental Anxiety
A study testing Music via headphones and Headphones without audio in people with Dental Anxiety, run by Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL at 1 site in Portugal.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if listening to music during dental procedures lowers anxiety in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: does music during the procedure lower dental anxiety, and does wearing headphones without audio to reduce ambient noise also lower dental anxiety. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dental Anxiety
- What is being tested?
- Music via headphones and Headphones without audio
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePortugal
- Study dates
- 17 Nov 2025to Jun 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults receiving care at the university-affiliated dental clinic, legally able to consent and willing to participate voluntarily.
- Ability to read and independently complete brief self-report questionnaires before and after the visit.
Who cannot join
- Self-reported hearing impairment, current use of hearing aids, or other auditory conditions that interfere with safe headphone use or outcome validity.
- Use of sedative medication prior to the visit for the current appointment, or acute intoxication that may alter anxiety ratings.
- Cognitive impairment or other condition that limits capacity to provide informed consent or to complete study questionnaires reliably.
- Unwillingness to wear headphones during the procedure if randomized to a headphone arm, or refusal to participate/withdrawal of consent at any time.
- Any urgent clinical indication that, in the clinician's judgment, precludes headphone use (for example, need for uninterrupted verbal interaction or imaging incompatible with wearing the device).
- Reported history of severe adverse reactions to headphone use (for example, marked discomfort, vertigo) or skin sensitivity incompatible with device contact points.
- Inability to protect privacy or comply with basic study procedures (for example, cannot complete pre- and post-visit questionnaires within the clinic workflow)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Implementation of Musical Intervention as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Mitigating Anxiety in Dental Procedures
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if listening to music during dental procedures lowers anxiety in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: does music during the procedure lower dental anxiety, and does wearing headphones without audio to reduce ambient noise also lower dental anxiety. Researchers will compare three groups to see these effects: music via headphones, headphones without audio, and standard care without headphones or music.
Participants will:
- Complete a short anxiety questionnaire before the dental procedure.
- Receive one of the three approaches during the procedure: music via headphones, headphones without audio, or no headphones/music.
- Complete a short anxiety questionnaire after the dental procedure.
Read the detailed description
Design and setting This study is a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial conducted in a dental clinic setting, evaluating two non-pharmacological auditory strategies versus standard care for reducing state anxiety during routine dental procedures in adults. Participants are randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to: music via headphones during the procedure; headphones worn without audio to attenuate ambient noise; or standard care with no headphones or music. State anxiety is measured immediately before and after the clinical encounter to estimate within-person change and between-group differences
Participants Adults receiving dental care at a university-affiliated clinic are approached at chairside prior to seating for eligibility screening and consent. Inclusion criteria include legal age and ability to complete self-report measures independently; key exclusions include hearing impairment or hearing aids, sedative medication use prior to the visit, cognitive impairment limiting informed consent, or refusal to consent. Recruitment occurs consecutively during routine clinical sessions to enhance generalizability to real-world practice.
Interventions
- Music via headphones: participants wear wireless, supra-aural headphones delivering a standardized playlist of classical and baroque pieces (fixed sequence, ~3-hour list; actual exposure limited to visit length). Communication needs are accommodated by temporarily removing headphones when signaled; patients are instructed to raise the left hand to request interaction or report discomfort; headphones may be removed for imaging or clinical needs.
- Headphones without audio: participants wear the same model headphones with no audio to provide passive attenuation of ambient noise; clinical communication procedures mirror the music arm.
- Standard care: no headphones or music; routine dental care proceeds per usual practice.
Equipment and hygiene Wireless supra-aural Bluetooth 5.0 headphones with padded cushions are used to maximize comfort and passive noise isolation and to avoid cable interference with dental equipment. After each session, headphones are disinfected using 70% isopropyl alcohol wipes on all skin-contact surfaces and allowed to dry before reuse, following basic device-compatible infection control practices.
Outcomes and timing State dental anxiety and general state anxiety are assessed immediately pre-procedure and post-procedure using validated self-report instruments routinely used in dental anxiety research; higher scores indicate greater anxiety, and change scores (post minus pre) are the primary comparisons across arms. Pre-procedure sociodemographic and screening items characterize the sample and capture potential confounders (for example, psychotropic use, prior psychiatric diagnosis, prior anxiety crises in dental settings).
Randomization and masking Allocation to the three arms uses simple random assignment at participant level prior to the start of the procedure; outcome assessors use standardized, self-administered questionnaires to minimize assessor influence, but masking of participants and providers is not feasible due to the nature of the interventions. Analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle, with sensitivity analyses as needed for protocol deviations.
Data handling and analysis Data are captured into a secured database for statistical analysis using standard software; descriptive statistics summarize the sample and visit characteristics (for example, procedure type and duration). The main analysis compares anxiety change across arms using repeated-measures multivariate methods to test group, time, and group-by-time interaction effects, which can increase power by accounting for within-person correlation and simultaneous outcomes when applicable. Planned covariates include procedure category (for example, emergency care, diagnosis/planning, preventive, restorative, endodontic, surgery/extraction, orthodontics, periodontics, oral rehabilitation) and prior dental anxiety history to address clinical heterogeneity.
Participant safety and ethics Participants may pause or stop the music or withdraw from the study at any time without impact on clinical care; any discomfort related to the use of headphones triggers immediate suspension of the intervention and clinical reassessment. Headphone volume is kept at a safe listening level to mitigate auditory risk, and all adverse events are recorded and managed per clinic policy. The study protocol has obtain ethics committee approval prior to enrollment, and all participants provide written informed consent; data are pseudonymized, stored on secure, access-restricted platforms, and managed to protect privacy and confidentiality.
- Conditions
- Dental Anxiety
- Being tested
- Music via headphones, Headphones without audio
- Keywords
- Dental anxiety, Dental fear, Odontophobia, Music therapy, Therapeutic music listening
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Music via headphonesOther
Wear wireless, supra-aural headphones delivering a standardized playlist of classical and baroque pieces
Headphones without audioOther
wear the same model headphones with no audio to provide passive attenuation of ambient noise
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Music via headphones | Experimental | Participants wear wireless, supra-aural headphones delivering a standardized playlist of classical and baroque pieces Receives: Other: Music via headphones |
| Headphones without audio | Active comparator | Participants wear the same model headphones with no audio to provide passive attenuation of ambient noise Receives: Other: Headphones without audio |
| Standard care | No intervention | no headphones or music; routine dental care proceeds per usual practice |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
State Anxiety
State anxiety measured by the STAI Y-1 - State Anxiety Inventory
Measured: Participants are assessed at the beginning and at the end of each dental appointment throughout a 5-month period
Dental anxiety
Dental anxiety measured by the MDAS - Modified Dental Anxiety Scale
Measured: Participants are assessed at the beginning and at the end of each dental appointment throughout a 5-month period
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Nov 2025
- Study start17 Nov 2025
- Primary completionMay 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dental AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07240233
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NP110925
- Acronym
- MI-DENT
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 2 Oct 2025
- Last updated
- 3 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Zwiri A, Alam MK, Alshammari WA, Almazyad FM, Noor NFBM. Exploration of the Role of Music Therapy in Reducing Dental Anxiety. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2025 Jun;17(Suppl 2):S1273-S1275. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_85_25. Epub 2025 Jun 18.
PubMed 40655808T Zaatar M, Alhakim K, Enayeh M, Tamer R. The transformative power of music: Insights into neuroplasticity, health, and disease. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2023 Dec 12;35:100716. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100716. eCollection 2024 Feb.
PubMed 38178844Steenen SA, Linke F, van Westrhenen R, de Jongh A. Interventions to reduce adult state anxiety, dental trait anxiety, and dental phobia: A systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Anxiety Disord. 2024 Jul;105:102891. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102891. Epub 2024 Jun 24.
PubMed 38945067Shih KC, Hsu WT, Yang JL, Man KM, Chen KB, Lin WY. The Effect of Music Distraction on Dental Anxiety During Invasive Dental Procedures in Children and Adults: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 29;13(21):6491. doi: 10.3390/jcm13216491.
PubMed 39518630Packyanathan JS, Lakshmanan R, Jayashri P. Effect of music therapy on anxiety levels on patient undergoing dental extractions. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Dec 10;8(12):3854-3860. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_789_19. eCollection 2019 Dec.
PubMed 31879625Lee HY, Nam ES, Chai GJ, Kim DM. Benefits of Music Intervention on Anxiety, Pain, and Physiologic Response in Adults Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2023 Aug;17(3):138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 Jun 3.
PubMed 37276961Hao T, Pang J, Liu Q, Xin P. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of virtual reality, audiovisuals and music interventions for reducing dental anxiety related to tooth extraction. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Sep 22;23(1):684. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03407-y.
PubMed 37735362de Witte M, Pinho ADS, Stams GJ, Moonen X, Bos AER, van Hooren S. Music therapy for stress reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2022 Mar;16(1):134-159. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1846580. Epub 2020 Nov 27.
PubMed 33176590Dalli OE, Yildirim Y, Aykar FS, Kahveci F. The effect of music on delirium, pain, sedation and anxiety in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2023 Apr;75:103348. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103348. Epub 2022 Dec 2.
PubMed 36470699Crego A, Carrillo-Diaz M, Armfield JM, Romero M. From public mental health to community oral health: the impact of dental anxiety and fear on dental status. Front Public Health. 2014 Feb 28;2:16. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00016. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 24616889Aravena PC, Almonacid C, Mancilla MI. Effect of music at 432 Hz and 440 Hz on dental anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing tooth extraction: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20190601. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0601. Epub 2020 May 11.
PubMed 32401941Ainscough SL, Windsor L, Tahmassebi JF. A review of the effect of music on dental anxiety in children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019 Feb;20(1):23-26. doi: 10.1007/s40368-018-0380-6. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
PubMed 30374854Aardal V, Willumsen T, Evensen KB. Differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life among dental anxiety patients with and without reported abuse experience. Eur J Oral Sci. 2024 Apr;132(2):e12976. doi: 10.1111/eos.12976. Epub 2024 Feb 2.
PubMed 38305706Aardal V, Evensen KB, Willumsen T, Hervik Bull V. The complexity of dental anxiety and its association with oral health-related quality of life: An exploratory study. Eur J Oral Sci. 2023 Feb;131(1):e12907. doi: 10.1111/eos.12907. Epub 2022 Nov 23.
PubMed 36418106
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Implementation of Musical Intervention as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Mitigating Anxiety in Dental Procedures
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07240233
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MI-DENT / NP110925
- Conditions
- Dental Anxiety
- Keywords
- Dental anxiety, Dental fear, Odontophobia, Music therapy, Therapeutic music listening
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRLUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 17 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- May 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if listening to music during dental procedures lowers anxiety in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: does music during the procedure lower dental anxiety, and does wearing headphones without audio to reduce ambient noise also lower dental anxiety. Researchers will compare three groups to see these effects: music via headphones, headphones without audio, and standard care without headphones or music.
Participants will:
- Complete a short anxiety questionnaire before the dental procedure.
- Receive one of the three approaches during the procedure: music via headphones, headphones without audio, or no headphones/music.
- Complete a short anxiety questionnaire after the dental procedure.
Detailed description
Design and setting This study is a randomized, parallel-group clinical trial conducted in a dental clinic setting, evaluating two non-pharmacological auditory strategies versus standard care for reducing state anxiety during routine dental procedures in adults. Participants are randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to: music via headphones during the procedure; headphones worn without audio to attenuate ambient noise; or standard care with no headphones or music. State anxiety is measured immediately before and after the clinical encounter to estimate within-person change and between-group differences
Participants Adults receiving dental care at a university-affiliated clinic are approached at chairside prior to seating for eligibility screening and consent. Inclusion criteria include legal age and ability to complete self-report measures independently; key exclusions include hearing impairment or hearing aids, sedative medication use prior to the visit, cognitive impairment limiting informed consent, or refusal to consent. Recruitment occurs consecutively during routine clinical sessions to enhance generalizability to real-world practice.
Interventions
- Music via headphones: participants wear wireless, supra-aural headphones delivering a standardized playlist of classical and baroque pieces (fixed sequence, ~3-hour list; actual exposure limited to visit length). Communication needs are accommodated by temporarily removing headphones when signaled; patients are instructed to raise the left hand to request interaction or report discomfort; headphones may be removed for imaging or clinical needs.
- Headphones without audio: participants wear the same model headphones with no audio to provide passive attenuation of ambient noise; clinical communication procedures mirror the music arm.
- Standard care: no headphones or music; routine dental care proceeds per usual practice.
Equipment and hygiene Wireless supra-aural Bluetooth 5.0 headphones with padded cushions are used to maximize comfort and passive noise isolation and to avoid cable interference with dental equipment. After each session, headphones are disinfected using 70% isopropyl alcohol wipes on all skin-contact surfaces and allowed to dry before reuse, following basic device-compatible infection control practices.
Outcomes and timing State dental anxiety and general state anxiety are assessed immediately pre-procedure and post-procedure using validated self-report instruments routinely used in dental anxiety research; higher scores indicate greater anxiety, and change scores (post minus pre) are the primary comparisons across arms. Pre-procedure sociodemographic and screening items characterize the sample and capture potential confounders (for example, psychotropic use, prior psychiatric diagnosis, prior anxiety crises in dental settings).
Randomization and masking Allocation to the three arms uses simple random assignment at participant level prior to the start of the procedure; outcome assessors use standardized, self-administered questionnaires to minimize assessor influence, but masking of participants and providers is not feasible due to the nature of the interventions. Analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle, with sensitivity analyses as needed for protocol deviations.
Data handling and analysis Data are captured into a secured database for statistical analysis using standard software; descriptive statistics summarize the sample and visit characteristics (for example, procedure type and duration). The main analysis compares anxiety change across arms using repeated-measures multivariate methods to test group, time, and group-by-time interaction effects, which can increase power by accounting for within-person correlation and simultaneous outcomes when applicable. Planned covariates include procedure category (for example, emergency care, diagnosis/planning, preventive, restorative, endodontic, surgery/extraction, orthodontics, periodontics, oral rehabilitation) and prior dental anxiety history to address clinical heterogeneity.
Participant safety and ethics Participants may pause or stop the music or withdraw from the study at any time without impact on clinical care; any discomfort related to the use of headphones triggers immediate suspension of the intervention and clinical reassessment. Headphone volume is kept at a safe listening level to mitigate auditory risk, and all adverse events are recorded and managed per clinic policy. The study protocol has obtain ethics committee approval prior to enrollment, and all participants provide written informed consent; data are pseudonymized, stored on secure, access-restricted platforms, and managed to protect privacy and confidentiality.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Music via headphones | Experimental | Other: Music via headphonesParticipants wear wireless, supra-aural headphones delivering a standardized playlist of classical and baroque pieces |
| Headphones without audio | Active comparator | Other: Headphones without audioParticipants wear the same model headphones with no audio to provide passive attenuation of ambient noise |
| Standard care | No intervention | –no headphones or music; routine dental care proceeds per usual practice |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adults receiving care at the university-affiliated dental clinic, legally able to consent and willing to participate voluntarily.
- Ability to read and independently complete brief self-report questionnaires before and after the visit.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Self-reported hearing impairment, current use of hearing aids, or other auditory conditions that interfere with safe headphone use or outcome validity.
- Use of sedative medication prior to the visit for the current appointment, or acute intoxication that may alter anxiety ratings.
- Cognitive impairment or other condition that limits capacity to provide informed consent or to complete study questionnaires reliably.
- Unwillingness to wear headphones during the procedure if randomized to a headphone arm, or refusal to participate/withdrawal of consent at any time.
- Any urgent clinical indication that, in the clinician's judgment, precludes headphone use (for example, need for uninterrupted verbal interaction or imaging incompatible with wearing the device).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Music via headphonesWear wireless, supra-aural headphones delivering a standardized playlist of classical and baroque pieces | Other | Music via headphones |
| Headphones without audiowear the same model headphones with no audio to provide passive attenuation of ambient noise | Other | Headphones without audio |
Primary outcome
State Anxiety
Time frame: Participants are assessed at the beginning and at the end of each dental appointment throughout a 5-month period
State anxiety measured by the STAI Y-1 - State Anxiety Inventory
Dental anxiety
Time frame: Participants are assessed at the beginning and at the end of each dental appointment throughout a 5-month period
Dental anxiety measured by the MDAS - Modified Dental Anxiety Scale
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Nov 2026.
- Background: PubMed 40655808Zwiri A, Alam MK, Alshammari WA, Almazyad FM, Noor NFBM. Exploration of the Role of Music Therapy in Reducing Dental Anxiety. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2025 Jun;17(Suppl 2):S1273-S1275. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_85_25. Epub 2025 Jun 18.
- Background: PubMed 38178844T Zaatar M, Alhakim K, Enayeh M, Tamer R. The transformative power of music: Insights into neuroplasticity, health, and disease. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2023 Dec 12;35:100716. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100716. eCollection 2024 Feb.
- Background: PubMed 38945067Steenen SA, Linke F, van Westrhenen R, de Jongh A. Interventions to reduce adult state anxiety, dental trait anxiety, and dental phobia: A systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Anxiety Disord. 2024 Jul;105:102891. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102891. Epub 2024 Jun 24.
- Background: PubMed 39518630Shih KC, Hsu WT, Yang JL, Man KM, Chen KB, Lin WY. The Effect of Music Distraction on Dental Anxiety During Invasive Dental Procedures in Children and Adults: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 29;13(21):6491. doi: 10.3390/jcm13216491.
- Background: PubMed 31879625Packyanathan JS, Lakshmanan R, Jayashri P. Effect of music therapy on anxiety levels on patient undergoing dental extractions. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Dec 10;8(12):3854-3860. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_789_19. eCollection 2019 Dec.
- Background: PubMed 37276961Lee HY, Nam ES, Chai GJ, Kim DM. Benefits of Music Intervention on Anxiety, Pain, and Physiologic Response in Adults Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2023 Aug;17(3):138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 Jun 3.
- Background: PubMed 37735362Hao T, Pang J, Liu Q, Xin P. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of virtual reality, audiovisuals and music interventions for reducing dental anxiety related to tooth extraction. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Sep 22;23(1):684. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03407-y.
- Background: PubMed 33176590de Witte M, Pinho ADS, Stams GJ, Moonen X, Bos AER, van Hooren S. Music therapy for stress reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2022 Mar;16(1):134-159. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1846580. Epub 2020 Nov 27.
- Background: PubMed 36470699Dalli OE, Yildirim Y, Aykar FS, Kahveci F. The effect of music on delirium, pain, sedation and anxiety in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2023 Apr;75:103348. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103348. Epub 2022 Dec 2.
- Background: PubMed 24616889Crego A, Carrillo-Diaz M, Armfield JM, Romero M. From public mental health to community oral health: the impact of dental anxiety and fear on dental status. Front Public Health. 2014 Feb 28;2:16. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00016. eCollection 2014.
- Background: PubMed 32401941Aravena PC, Almonacid C, Mancilla MI. Effect of music at 432 Hz and 440 Hz on dental anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing tooth extraction: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20190601. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0601. Epub 2020 May 11.
- Background: PubMed 30374854Ainscough SL, Windsor L, Tahmassebi JF. A review of the effect of music on dental anxiety in children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2019 Feb;20(1):23-26. doi: 10.1007/s40368-018-0380-6. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Music via headphones and Headphones without audio in people with Dental Anxiety, run by Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL at 1 site in Portugal.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Portugal. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
State Anxiety (time frame: Participants are assessed at the beginning and at the end of each dental appointment throughout a 5-month period). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07240233, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Nov 2026.