CaffeineNCT06321861
Motivational, Affective and Performance Effects of Caffeine Supplementation
A study testing Caffeine and No substance in people with Caffeine and Affect, run by Jagiellonian University at 1 site in Poland.
Trial summary
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of caffeine intake on participants' energetic arousal, affect, motivation to achieve a training goal, satisfaction with training, and the sense of agency during training. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- What is being tested?
- Caffeine and No substance
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePoland
- Study dates
- 19 Jan 2024to 1 May 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-30 years
- Caffeine consumption
- Engagement in physical activity.
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, gastrointestinal, or neurological diseases
- Taking medications or supplements that may affect test results
- Tobacco smoking
- Pregnancy
- Potential allergy to caffeine.
- Participation in the study will be preceded by completing a health questionnaire and providing written consent. Additionally, exclusion from the study will occur upon the explicit request of the participant.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik contact
Poland1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
Katowice
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Motivation, Affect and Performance in Physical Exercise Tests: An Intervention Study
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of caffeine intake on participants' energetic arousal, affect, motivation to achieve a training goal, satisfaction with training, and the sense of agency during training. Consequently, participants will engage in three sessions: caffeine, placebo, and no substance (in counterbalanced order). During each session, their affective and motivational states will be assessed, along with the performance of a standardized physical exercise test. The investigators hypothesize that participants who consume caffeine (caffeine condition) will exhibit higher levels of energy and motivation compared to the other two groups. Additionally, they are expected to experience greater optimism and expectancy regarding their training goals and achieve better results in the physical exercise test.
A secondary aim of the study is to examine the impact of genetic variability on motivational and affective states of participants, as well as their performance in the physical exercise test after caffeine. The investigators will assess the CYP1A2 (-163C > A, rs762551; characterized such as "fast" (AA genotype) and "slow" caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and ADORA2A (1976T > C; rs5751876; characterized by "high" (TT genotype) or "low" sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)).
Read the detailed description
Before participating in the study, participants will answer questions regarding their consumption of caffeinated beverages and the frequency of their workouts. They will also complete the Extreme Personality Scale measuring the tendency to pursue goals single-mindedly. Subsequently, they will be qualified for the study based on the questionnaire results and a brief interview.
The study will involve the manipulation of energization through the administration of caffeine. Participants will take part in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study, where they will perform three identical training sessions after consuming: a) caffeine at a dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight; b) a placebo; and c) under control conditions (i.e., without substance administration). Capsule consumption will occur 60 minutes before the start of the training. Caffeine and placebo capsules will not differ in size, shape, color, and taste.
As the effectiveness of caffeine use depends on the CYP1A2 (rs762551) and ADORA2 (rs5751876) gene polymorphisms, the study will also genotype these genes. The first gene is responsible for the rate of caffeine metabolism, determining whether people metabolize caffeine "fast" or "slow." The ADORA2A gene, encoding the adenosine A2A receptor, influences how "sensitive" people are to caffeine. DNA isolates obtained from oral epithelial cells collected from participants by qualified medical personnel will constitute the research material. Oral epithelial swabs will be collected directly from the participants into sterile tubes.
Before and after substance intake (and additionally after the exercise test) participants will assess their arousal using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. Additionally, after substance intake and before exercise, participants will answer questions about motivation, affect and expectancy regarding training. Subsequently, participants will undergo training, taking the form of a supervised standardized exercise test. After exercise, participants will assess their satisfaction and feelings after completing the training.
- Being tested
- Caffeine, Placebo, No substance
- Keywords
- caffeine, energization, motivation, effort, affect, physical exercise, arousal
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CaffeineDietary supplement
Participants will take one caffeine pill. The dose of caffeine will be calculated based on participants' body mass (3mg/kg body mass). Caffeine will be provided in capsules containing the individual amount of caffeine and will be administered orally 60 min before the onset of the exercise protocol.
PlaceboDietary supplement
Participants will take one pill with no caffeine in it. The manufacturer of the caffeine capsules will also prepare identical placebo capsules filled out with a microcrystalline cellulose. Placebo will be administered orally 60 min before the onset of the exercise protocol.
No substanceOther
Participants will take no substance. They will just wait 60 minutes and then engage in the exercise protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine | Experimental | Participants will take a caffeine pill (3mg/kg of body mass) 60 minutes before the physical exercise test. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Caffeine |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Participants will take a placebo pill 60 minutes before the physical exercise test. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Placebo |
| No substance | Other | Participants receive no pills in this condition before the physical exercise test. Receives: Other: No substance |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Energetic arousal pre-test
Self-reported energetic arousal contrasting vigour with fatigue, measured with the energetic arousal sub-scale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal.
Measured: Right before the intervention
Energetic arousal post-test
Self-reported energetic arousal measured with the energetic arousal sub-scale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal. The change relative to the pre-test will be analyzed.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Optimism
Situational optimism (expectancy of positive outcomes) measured with 4 items were participants rate the extent to which they: 1) are positively oriented. 2) are full of optimism. 3) can achieve what I set out to do. 4) are capable of a lot. Responses are given on a 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater optimism. The mean of these items will be computed and the change relative to the pre-test will be analyzed.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Motivation
Motivation to accomplish one's training goals measured with a question where participants rate the extent to which they are motivated to achieve the best result in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater motivation.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Determination
Determination to accomplish one's training goals measured with 4 items: 1) During training, everything else will become irrelevant for [the participant[. 2) [The participant] will put a lot of energy into the training. 3) [The participant] will do everything in their power to achieve the training goal. 4) [The participant] will reach the training goal even if it requires a great effort. 5) [The participant] will train despite fatigue. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater determination.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Relative outcome expectancy
Expectancy of the training results measured with a question: In relation to participants' typical result, what result do they expect in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = definitely worse than usual and 7 = definitely better than usual. Higher scores indicate more positive outcome expectations.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Success probability
Subjective probability of attaining the best result measured with a question: How likely do participants think it is that they will achieve the best result in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = completely unlikely and 7 = certain. Higher scores indicate greater probability of success.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Prospective effort
Participants' willingness to invest effort in the training measured with a question: How much effort are participants planning to invest in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond on a 0-100% scale. Higher scores indicate greater willingness to invest effort.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Agency
Sense of agency measured with two questions: 1) Do participants feel in control over the outcome in..., 2) Do participants feel in control over their performance in... Participants respond to each question in relation to each test outcome: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Responses are given on 1-6 scale anchored 1 = no control and 7 = complete control. Higher scores indicate greater sense of agency.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Performance in the 1RM test
Participants' performance in the one-repetition maximum test in bench press [number of kg]
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test
Participants' performance in the bar velocity during 3 sets of 3 repetitions in the bench press exercise [m/s]
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Performance in the strength-endurance test
Participants' performance in the strength-endurance test in bench press test (number of repetitions)
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Performance in the countermovement jump test
Participants' performance in the countermovement jump test (number of cm)
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Satisfaction with the results
Participants' satisfaction with their training results measured with a question: How satisfied are participants with their results in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = definitely unsatisfied to 7 = definitely satisfied. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the results.
Measured: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Retrospective effort
Participants' assessment of effort invested in the training measured with a question: How much effort did participants invest in:1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond on a 0-100% scale. Higher scores indicate greater effort.
Measured: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Retrospective agency
Sense of agency measured with two questions: 1) Did participants feel in control over the outcome in..., 2) Did participants feel in control over their performance in... Participants respond to each question in relation to each test outcome: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Responses are given on 1-6 scale anchored 1 = no control and 7 = complete control. Higher scores indicate greater sense of agency.
Measured: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Secondary outcomes (11)
Goal importance
Importance of the training goal measured with a question: How important is it for participants to achieve the best possible result in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = completely unimportant and 7 = extremely important. Higher scores indicate greater importance.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Prospective difficulty
Perceived difficulty of the training goal measured with a question: How do participants assess the difficulty of: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = definitely easy and 7 = definitely difficult. Higher scores indicate greater subjective difficulty.
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the 1RM test
Participants' expected performance in the 1 RM test. Participants provide responses to the following questions:
How much weight do participants think they will lift in the 1 RM test? (participants provide in kg)
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test
Participants' expected performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test. Participants provide a response to the following question:
How much m/s. do participants expect to achieve in the bar velocity test? (participants provide the response in m/s)
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the strength-endurance test
Participants' expected performance in the strength-endurance test. Participants provide a response to the following question:
How many repetitions do participants think they will perform in the strength-endurance test? (participants provide the number of repetitions)
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the countermovement jump test
Participants' expected performance in the countermovement jump test. Participants provide a response to the following question:
How high do participants think they will jump? (participants provide in cm)
Measured: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Retrospective difficulty
Assessed difficulty of each training element: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants rate each element twice (generally and in relation to their other trainings) on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = very easy and 7 = very difficult. Higher scores indicate greater difficulty.
Measured: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Energetic arousal post-training
Self-reported energetic arousal measured with the energetic arousal sub-scale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal.
Measured: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Perceived effect on agency
Assessed effect on the sense of agency measured with an item:
To what extent do participants agree with the statement: Completing this workout made participants feel like they had control. Participants respond on 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate the greater perceived effect on agency.
Measured: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Tense arousal
Self-reported tense arousal contrasting tension with relaxation, measured with the Tense Arousal subscale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal.
Measured: Right before the intervention, then 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); and immediately after the physical exercise test
Hedonic tone
Self-reported hedonic tone contrasting pleasant with unpleasant moods, measured with the Hedonic Tone subscale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal.
Measured: Right before the intervention, then 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); and immediately after the physical exercise test
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2024
- Study start19 Jan 2024
- Primary completion1 May 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion1 May 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for CaffeineStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Each participant will take part in three similar sessions differing by the substance they receive: caffeine (intervention group), placebo, no substance. Sessions will be about one week apart.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Jagiellonian University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ewa Szumowska, Jagiellonian University
- Investigators
- Ewa Szumowska, Principal investigator, Jagiellonian University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06321861
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Caffeine_motivation
- Status last verified
- Mar 2024
- First submitted
- 17 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 20 Mar 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Anonymized IPD will be shared digitally via the Jagiellonian University Repository.
Publications
Matthews G; Jones DM, Chamberlain AG. Refining the measurement of mood: The UWIST mood adjective checklist. British Journal of Psychology, 1990, 81(1): 17-42.
Szumowska E, Molinario E, Jaśko K, Hudiyana J, Firdiani NF, Penrod J, Jaume LC, Leander NP, Kreienkamp J, Agostini M, Gruszka A, Szumska I, Stelmaszyńska D, Gola M, Altungy P, Gómez Á, Cacek J, & Kruglanski AW (2023). The Extreme Personality: Individual Differences in Proneness to Motivational Imbalance. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Mar 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Motivation, Affect and Performance in Physical Exercise Tests: An Intervention Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06321861
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Caffeine_motivation
- Keywords
- caffeine, energization, motivation, effort, affect, physical exercise, arousal
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Jagiellonian UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- Study start
- 19 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 May 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of caffeine intake on participants' energetic arousal, affect, motivation to achieve a training goal, satisfaction with training, and the sense of agency during training. Consequently, participants will engage in three sessions: caffeine, placebo, and no substance (in counterbalanced order). During each session, their affective and motivational states will be assessed, along with the performance of a standardized physical exercise test. The investigators hypothesize that participants who consume caffeine (caffeine condition) will exhibit higher levels of energy and motivation compared to the other two groups. Additionally, they are expected to experience greater optimism and expectancy regarding their training goals and achieve better results in the physical exercise test.
A secondary aim of the study is to examine the impact of genetic variability on motivational and affective states of participants, as well as their performance in the physical exercise test after caffeine. The investigators will assess the CYP1A2 (-163C > A, rs762551; characterized such as "fast" (AA genotype) and "slow" caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and ADORA2A (1976T > C; rs5751876; characterized by "high" (TT genotype) or "low" sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)).
Detailed description
Before participating in the study, participants will answer questions regarding their consumption of caffeinated beverages and the frequency of their workouts. They will also complete the Extreme Personality Scale measuring the tendency to pursue goals single-mindedly. Subsequently, they will be qualified for the study based on the questionnaire results and a brief interview.
The study will involve the manipulation of energization through the administration of caffeine. Participants will take part in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study, where they will perform three identical training sessions after consuming: a) caffeine at a dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight; b) a placebo; and c) under control conditions (i.e., without substance administration). Capsule consumption will occur 60 minutes before the start of the training. Caffeine and placebo capsules will not differ in size, shape, color, and taste.
As the effectiveness of caffeine use depends on the CYP1A2 (rs762551) and ADORA2 (rs5751876) gene polymorphisms, the study will also genotype these genes. The first gene is responsible for the rate of caffeine metabolism, determining whether people metabolize caffeine "fast" or "slow." The ADORA2A gene, encoding the adenosine A2A receptor, influences how "sensitive" people are to caffeine. DNA isolates obtained from oral epithelial cells collected from participants by qualified medical personnel will constitute the research material. Oral epithelial swabs will be collected directly from the participants into sterile tubes.
Before and after substance intake (and additionally after the exercise test) participants will assess their arousal using the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. Additionally, after substance intake and before exercise, participants will answer questions about motivation, affect and expectancy regarding training. Subsequently, participants will undergo training, taking the form of a supervised standardized exercise test. After exercise, participants will assess their satisfaction and feelings after completing the training.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Each participant will take part in three similar sessions differing by the substance they receive: caffeine (intervention group), placebo, no substance. Sessions will be about one week apart.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: CaffeineParticipants will take a caffeine pill (3mg/kg of body mass) 60 minutes before the physical exercise test. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: PlaceboParticipants will take a placebo pill 60 minutes before the physical exercise test. |
| No substance | Other | Other: No substanceParticipants receive no pills in this condition before the physical exercise test. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Age 18-30 years
- Caffeine consumption
- Engagement in physical activity.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, gastrointestinal, or neurological diseases
- Taking medications or supplements that may affect test results
- Tobacco smoking
- Pregnancy
- Potential allergy to caffeine.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CaffeineParticipants will take one caffeine pill. The dose of caffeine will be calculated based on participants' body mass (3mg/kg body mass). Caffeine will be provided in capsules containing the individual amount of caffeine and will be administered orally 60 min before the onset of the exercise protocol. | Dietary supplement | Caffeine |
| PlaceboParticipants will take one pill with no caffeine in it. The manufacturer of the caffeine capsules will also prepare identical placebo capsules filled out with a microcrystalline cellulose. Placebo will be administered orally 60 min before the onset of the exercise protocol. | Dietary supplement | Placebo |
| No substanceParticipants will take no substance. They will just wait 60 minutes and then engage in the exercise protocol. | Other | No substance |
Primary outcome
Energetic arousal pre-test
Time frame: Right before the intervention
Self-reported energetic arousal contrasting vigour with fatigue, measured with the energetic arousal sub-scale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal.
Energetic arousal post-test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Self-reported energetic arousal measured with the energetic arousal sub-scale of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist. The values range from 1-4; higher scores indicate greater energetic arousal. The change relative to the pre-test will be analyzed.
Optimism
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Situational optimism (expectancy of positive outcomes) measured with 4 items were participants rate the extent to which they: 1) are positively oriented. 2) are full of optimism. 3) can achieve what I set out to do. 4) are capable of a lot. Responses are given on a 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater optimism. The mean of these items will be computed and the change relative to the pre-test will be analyzed.
Motivation
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Motivation to accomplish one's training goals measured with a question where participants rate the extent to which they are motivated to achieve the best result in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater motivation.
Determination
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Determination to accomplish one's training goals measured with 4 items: 1) During training, everything else will become irrelevant for [the participant[. 2) [The participant] will put a lot of energy into the training. 3) [The participant] will do everything in their power to achieve the training goal. 4) [The participant] will reach the training goal even if it requires a great effort. 5) [The participant] will train despite fatigue. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater determination.
Relative outcome expectancy
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expectancy of the training results measured with a question: In relation to participants' typical result, what result do they expect in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = definitely worse than usual and 7 = definitely better than usual. Higher scores indicate more positive outcome expectations.
Success probability
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Subjective probability of attaining the best result measured with a question: How likely do participants think it is that they will achieve the best result in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = completely unlikely and 7 = certain. Higher scores indicate greater probability of success.
Prospective effort
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Participants' willingness to invest effort in the training measured with a question: How much effort are participants planning to invest in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond on a 0-100% scale. Higher scores indicate greater willingness to invest effort.
Agency
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Sense of agency measured with two questions: 1) Do participants feel in control over the outcome in..., 2) Do participants feel in control over their performance in... Participants respond to each question in relation to each test outcome: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Responses are given on 1-6 scale anchored 1 = no control and 7 = complete control. Higher scores indicate greater sense of agency.
Performance in the 1RM test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Participants' performance in the one-repetition maximum test in bench press [number of kg]
Performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Participants' performance in the bar velocity during 3 sets of 3 repetitions in the bench press exercise [m/s]
Performance in the strength-endurance test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Participants' performance in the strength-endurance test in bench press test (number of repetitions)
Performance in the countermovement jump test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition)
Participants' performance in the countermovement jump test (number of cm)
Satisfaction with the results
Time frame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Participants' satisfaction with their training results measured with a question: How satisfied are participants with their results in: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond to each item on a 1-7 scale anchored 1 = definitely unsatisfied to 7 = definitely satisfied. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the results.
Retrospective effort
Time frame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Participants' assessment of effort invested in the training measured with a question: How much effort did participants invest in:1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Participants respond on a 0-100% scale. Higher scores indicate greater effort.
Retrospective agency
Time frame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Sense of agency measured with two questions: 1) Did participants feel in control over the outcome in..., 2) Did participants feel in control over their performance in... Participants respond to each question in relation to each test outcome: 1) one-repetition maximum bench press test, 2) bar velocity in the bench press test, 3) strength-endurance test, 4) countermovement jump. Responses are given on 1-6 scale anchored 1 = no control and 7 = complete control. Higher scores indicate greater sense of agency.
11 secondary outcomes
Goal importance
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Prospective difficulty
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the 1RM test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the bar velocity in the bench press test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the strength-endurance test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Expected performance in the countermovement jump test
Time frame: 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); before training
Retrospective difficulty
Time frame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Energetic arousal post-training
Time frame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Perceived effect on agency
Time frame: Immediately after the physical exercise test
Tense arousal
Time frame: Right before the intervention, then 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); and immediately after the physical exercise test
Hedonic tone
Time frame: Right before the intervention, then 60 minutes after taking the capsule (waiting in the no-intervention condition); and immediately after the physical exercise test
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Mar 2024.
- BackgroundMatthews G; Jones DM, Chamberlain AG. Refining the measurement of mood: The UWIST mood adjective checklist. British Journal of Psychology, 1990, 81(1): 17-42.
- BackgroundSzumowska E, Molinario E, Jaśko K, Hudiyana J, Firdiani NF, Penrod J, Jaume LC, Leander NP, Kreienkamp J, Agostini M, Gruszka A, Szumska I, Stelmaszyńska D, Gola M, Altungy P, Gómez Á, Cacek J, & Kruglanski AW (2023). The Extreme Personality: Individual Differences in Proneness to Motivational Imbalance. Manuscript submitted for publication.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Anonymized IPD will be shared digitally via the Jagiellonian University Repository.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik contact
Ewa Szumowska principal investigator
Jagiellonian University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Caffeine and No substance in people with Caffeine and Affect, run by Jagiellonian University at 1 site in Poland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Mar 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Poland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ewa Szumowska (+48504756394, ewa.szumowska@uj.edu.pl), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Energetic arousal pre-test (time frame: Right before the intervention). The study lists 16 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06321861, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Mar 2024.