SuicidePhase 2CLEAR-4NCT06191289
Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Perimenstrual Estrogen Effects on Suicidality
A Phase 2 study testing Transdermal Estradiol in people with Suicide, run by University of Illinois Chicago at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This within-person, crossover, 2-condition, placebo-controlled study compares the impact of two perimenstrual conditions on severity of suicidal symptoms in females with past-month suicidality but minimal risk of imminent suicide attempt. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 40 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Suicide
- What is being tested?
- Transdermal Estradiol
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 11 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 16 Mar 2024to 1 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 40 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Ability to adhere to medication regimen
- Speaks English
- Assigned female at birth with intact ovaries
- Premenopausal
- Normal menstrual cycles between 24-32 days
- Under current care of an outpatient mental health provider with visits occurring at least once every 3 months.
Show all 11Show fewer
- At least 1 year postpartum.
- Willing to use a barrier method of birth control during the study.
- Normal weight (BMI between 18-29)
- Must report at least some recent suicidal ideation (in the past month) at the time of recruitment.
- Must be categorized as having acceptably low imminent risk for suicidal crisis/attempt by a licensed clinical psychologist utilizing evidence-based clinical and research guidelines for imminent suicide risk management.
Who cannot join
- Must not be pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to become pregnant.
- Must not be taking any form of exogenous hormones or hormonal intrauterine device, and must have ended previous use of hormonal preparations at least one month prior to the study.
- Must not have a personal history of any chronic medical condition, including but not limited to metabolic or autoimmune disease, epilepsy, endometriosis, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, or pulmonary disease, and no personal or first degree family history of thromboembolic events.
- Any current cigarette smoking is exclusionary.
- Must not report a history of clinical diagnosis or treatment for postpartum depression or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Note: Premenstrual Dysphoric - - - Disorder diagnosis must have been made based on prospective daily ratings).
- Must not report any history of manic episode, any history of psychotic symptoms, or current substance use disorder.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute
Chicago, Illinois, 60612
About this study
Official title: Clarifying the Endocrinology of Acute Risk 4 (CLEAR-4): Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Perimenstrual Estrogen Effects on Suicidality
This within-person, crossover, 2-condition, placebo-controlled study compares the impact of two perimenstrual conditions on severity of suicidal symptoms in females with past-month suicidality but minimal risk of imminent suicide attempt. The two conditions are (1) perimenstrual administration of estradiol and (2) natural perimenstrual withdrawal from estradiol during placebo.
Read the detailed description
Previous work from our group demonstrates that perimenstrual worsening of suicidal thoughts in females is caused by normal perimenstrual withdrawal from the ovarian steroid estradiol (E2), since perimenstrual administration of E2+P4 or E2 alone prevented the perimenstrual worsening of suicidal ideation observed under placebo. In the present study, we follow up on that work with an additional mechanistic crossover trial in which E2 will be administered perimenstrually (E2 condition) or not (PBO condition) and neurocognitive mechanisms of suicidal symptom improvement will be probed.
50 (30 completers) female outpatients, with past-month suicidal ideation but minimal imminent risk for attempt, will complete self-reports and clinical interviews measuring the presence and severity of suicidal ideation in each of two conditions (A, B: order randomized across two menstrual cycles): (A) perimenstrual E2 withdrawal/depletion (under placebo), (B) perimenstrual administration of E2. A washout cycle will separate conditions. Analyses will compare the perimenstrual trajectories of symptoms and suicidality across the two conditions.
- Conditions
- Suicide
- Being tested
- Transdermal Estradiol, Placebo
- Keywords
- MENSTRUAL CYCLE, HORMONES, ESTROGEN, REWARD, EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
- Medical subject headings
- Suicide
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Transdermal EstradiolDrug
1mg/24hr transdermal estradiol for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test
Other Names:
Climara
PlaceboOther
Weekly application of a placebo patch for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Transdermal Estradiol | Experimental | .1mg per 24 hours transdermal estradiol applied to the skin weekly, for 14 days. Receives: Drug: Transdermal Estradiol |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Clear patch manufactured to mimic the E2 patch applied to the skin weekly, for 14 days. Receives: Other: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of Daily Passive Suicidal Ideation (PSI)
Three daily survey questions assessing PSI will be administered each day (i.e., "I wished I were dead", "I wish I could go to sleep and not wake up", "I thought that life was not worth living"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 5 (Extremely)). Composite mean scores for these 3 items are computed, providing a single number for each day, with higher daily values representing more severe PSI.
Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual worsening of daily PSI is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Measured: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of Daily Active Suicidal Ideation (ASI)
Three daily survey questions assessing ASI will be administered each day (i.e., "I thought about killing myself", "I wanted to kill myself", "I had the urge to kill myself"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 5 (Extremely)). Composite mean scores for these 3 items are computed, providing a single number for each day, with higher daily values representing more severe ASI.
Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual worsening of daily ASI is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Measured: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Increase in the Probability of Daily Suicidal Planning (SP)
Two questions from the ASIQ assessing SP will be administered each day in an adapted daily format (i.e., "I thought about how I might kill myself", "I thought about when I might kill myself"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 5 (Extremely)). Daily dichotomous scores will be derived such that if either of these two items are endorsed with a score higher than 1 (not at all) on a given day, the composite score will be 1 (otherwise the score will be 0) for that day.
Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual increase in the probability of daily SP is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of dichotomous daily scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean of dichotomous scores in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Measured: Mean daily dichotomous outcome (ranging from 0-1) in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2,
Secondary outcomes (4)
Perimenstrual Reward Positivity (RewP)
The reward positivity (RewP), measured with electroencephalography, is an event-related potential (ERP) component index of neural responsiveness to receipt of reward. Approximately 300 milliseconds (ms) after computerized task feedback indicating monetary reward, the ERP at frontocentral recording sites is characterized by a relative positivity; an apparent negativity is observed following feedback indicating monetary loss. The relative difference in ERP amplitudes in response to reward as compared to loss is referred to as the Reward Positivity. During each experimental perimenstrual phase (E2 vs. placebo), participants will participate in a gambling task while EEG is used to record the averaged RewP amplitude.
Measured: Mean RewP amplitude in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline)
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of daily self-reported anhedonia
Three daily items assessing anhedonia will be administered each day (i.e., "Didn't enjoy things", "Had less interest in things", and "Felt unmotivated to do things"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 6 (Extreme)). Composite mean scores for these 3 items are computed for each day, providing a single number for each day, with higher daily values representing more anhedonia.
Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual worsening of daily anhedonia is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Measured: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual change (improvement) in daily N-Back performance
Participants will complete a daily at-home working memory computerized task: the N-Back task. Number of "hits" (i.e., correctly indicated targets) in this task will serve as our measure of daily working memory behavioral performance, with higher daily values representing better working memory performance.
Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual change (calculated as improvement) of daily N-Back scores is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0). Therefore, positive values represent a perimenstrual improvement in working memory performance, and negative values represent a perimenstrual worsening.
Measured: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of daily self-reported working memory failures (WMF)
Three questions assessing WMF will be administered each day (i.e., "Had difficulty concentrating", "I forgot things", and "I got distracted easily"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 6 (Extreme)). Composite mean scores for these 3 items are computed daily, providing a single number for each day, with higher daily values representing more severe WMF.
Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual worsening of WMF is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Measured: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Jan 2024
- Study start16 Mar 2024
- Primary completion1 Dec 2024
- Study completion1 Dec 2024
Why it stopped: Funding changes necessitated the preliminary conclusion of the study; it will be used for feasibility data.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for SuicideStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Illinois ChicagoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Crossover 2-condition placebo-controlled trial
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 11 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Illinois Chicago
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tory Anne Eisenlohr-Moul, University of Illinois Chicago
- Investigators
- Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul, Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Illinois ChicagoElizabeth Mulligan, Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Illinois ChicagoKatja M Schmalenberger, Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Illinois Chicago
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06191289
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2023-1560
- Acronym
- CLEAR-4
- Status last verified
- Oct 2025
- First submitted
- 20 Dec 2023
- Last updated
- 29 Oct 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Oct 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clarifying the Endocrinology of Acute Risk 4 (CLEAR-4): Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Perimenstrual Estrogen Effects on Suicidality
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06191289
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CLEAR-4 / 2023-1560
- Conditions
- Suicide
- Keywords
- MENSTRUAL CYCLE, HORMONES, ESTROGEN, REWARD, EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Funding changes necessitated the preliminary conclusion of the study; it will be used for feasibility data.
- Enrolment
- 11 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Illinois ChicagoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This within-person, crossover, 2-condition, placebo-controlled study compares the impact of two perimenstrual conditions on severity of suicidal symptoms in females with past-month suicidality but minimal risk of imminent suicide attempt. The two conditions are (1) perimenstrual administration of estradiol and (2) natural perimenstrual withdrawal from estradiol during placebo.
Detailed description
Previous work from our group demonstrates that perimenstrual worsening of suicidal thoughts in females is caused by normal perimenstrual withdrawal from the ovarian steroid estradiol (E2), since perimenstrual administration of E2+P4 or E2 alone prevented the perimenstrual worsening of suicidal ideation observed under placebo. In the present study, we follow up on that work with an additional mechanistic crossover trial in which E2 will be administered perimenstrually (E2 condition) or not (PBO condition) and neurocognitive mechanisms of suicidal symptom improvement will be probed.
50 (30 completers) female outpatients, with past-month suicidal ideation but minimal imminent risk for attempt, will complete self-reports and clinical interviews measuring the presence and severity of suicidal ideation in each of two conditions (A, B: order randomized across two menstrual cycles): (A) perimenstrual E2 withdrawal/depletion (under placebo), (B) perimenstrual administration of E2. A washout cycle will separate conditions. Analyses will compare the perimenstrual trajectories of symptoms and suicidality across the two conditions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Crossover 2-condition placebo-controlled trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Transdermal Estradiol | Experimental | Drug: Transdermal Estradiol.1mg per 24 hours transdermal estradiol applied to the skin weekly, for 14 days. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Other: PlaceboClear patch manufactured to mimic the E2 patch applied to the skin weekly, for 14 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 40 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Ability to adhere to medication regimen
- Speaks English
- Assigned female at birth with intact ovaries
- Premenopausal
- Normal menstrual cycles between 24-32 days
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Must not be pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to become pregnant.
- Must not be taking any form of exogenous hormones or hormonal intrauterine device, and must have ended previous use of hormonal preparations at least one month prior to the study.
- Must not have a personal history of any chronic medical condition, including but not limited to metabolic or autoimmune disease, epilepsy, endometriosis, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, or pulmonary disease, and no personal or first degree family history of thromboembolic events.
- Any current cigarette smoking is exclusionary.
- Must not report a history of clinical diagnosis or treatment for postpartum depression or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Note: Premenstrual Dysphoric - - - Disorder diagnosis must have been made based on prospective daily ratings).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Transdermal Estradiol1mg/24hr transdermal estradiol for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test Other Names: Climara | Drug | Transdermal Estradiol |
| PlaceboWeekly application of a placebo patch for 14 days starting day 7 after positive urine luteinizing hormone test | Other | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of Daily Passive Suicidal Ideation (PSI)
Time frame: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Three daily survey questions assessing PSI will be administered each day (i.e., "I wished I were dead", "I wish I could go to sleep and not wake up", "I thought that life was not worth living"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 5 (Extremely)). Composite mean scores for these 3 items are computed, providing a single number for each day, with higher daily values representing more severe PSI. Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual worsening of daily PSI is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of Daily Active Suicidal Ideation (ASI)
Time frame: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Three daily survey questions assessing ASI will be administered each day (i.e., "I thought about killing myself", "I wanted to kill myself", "I had the urge to kill myself"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 5 (Extremely)). Composite mean scores for these 3 items are computed, providing a single number for each day, with higher daily values representing more severe ASI. Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual worsening of daily ASI is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Increase in the Probability of Daily Suicidal Planning (SP)
Time frame: Mean daily dichotomous outcome (ranging from 0-1) in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean in the early luteal phase (Days +2,
Two questions from the ASIQ assessing SP will be administered each day in an adapted daily format (i.e., "I thought about how I might kill myself", "I thought about when I might kill myself"; scale from 1 (Not at All) to 5 (Extremely)). Daily dichotomous scores will be derived such that if either of these two items are endorsed with a score higher than 1 (not at all) on a given day, the composite score will be 1 (otherwise the score will be 0) for that day. Early-luteal-to-perimenstrual increase in the probability of daily SP is estimated for each person in each condition as the mean of dichotomous daily scores in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3 to +1 relative to menses onset) minus the mean of dichotomous scores in the early luteal phase (Days +2 to +6 relative to the luteinizing hormone surge at day 0).
4 secondary outcomes
Perimenstrual Reward Positivity (RewP)
Time frame: Mean RewP amplitude in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline)
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of daily self-reported anhedonia
Time frame: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual change (improvement) in daily N-Back performance
Time frame: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of daily self-reported working memory failures (WMF)
Time frame: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6
Results and safety
The study was stopped early (reason given: Funding changes necessitated the preliminary conclusion of the study; it will be used for feasibility data.). Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Oct 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul, Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Illinois Chicago
Elizabeth Mulligan, Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Illinois Chicago
Katja M Schmalenberger, Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Illinois Chicago
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Transdermal Estradiol in people with Suicide, run by University of Illinois Chicago at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Oct 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early (reason given: Funding changes necessitated the preliminary conclusion of the study; it will be used for feasibility data.). Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Early-Luteal-to-Perimenstrual Worsening of Daily Passive Suicidal Ideation (PSI) (time frame: Mean daily rating in the perimenstrual phase (Days -3, -2, -1, and +1 relative to menses onset where menses onset is day +1 and there is no 0 on the menses-onset timeline) minus the mean daily rating in the early luteal phase (Days +2, +3, +4, +5, and +6). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Oct 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.