Food PreferencesNCT06015490
The Impact of the Physiological Response to Sugar on Brain Activity and Behavior
A study testing Sucrose drink, Glucose drink and Fructose drink in people with Food Preferences and Appetitive Behavior, run by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this pilot study is to test the feasibility of assessing how biological factors and chemical properties of sugars may influence metabolism and food reward in humans. The main questions it aims to answer are: Can differences in appetitive responses and neural activations to sucrose (table sugar) and its… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Food Preferences, Appetitive Behavior
- What is being tested?
- Sucrose drink, Glucose drink and Fructose drink
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 7 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2023to 22 Jul 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- BMI between 18.5-25 kg/m2
- Not pregnant or planning to become pregnant during study participation
- Residing in the Roanoke area and/or willing/able to attend sessions at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech Carilion
- Weigh at least 110 lbs
Who cannot join
- Current inhaled nicotine use
- History of alcohol dependence.
- Current or past diagnosis of cardiometabolic disease or problems, including diabetes, endocrine, heart, or thyroid problems, that may influence study outcomes
- Hemoglobin A1C >5.7%
- Taking medications known to influence study measures (including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), allergy, antidepressant, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, birth control, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, thyroid, sleep, or weight loss medications)
- Active medical or neurologic disorder, including cardiometabolic conditions or gastrointestinal conditions that may influence study outcomes
Show all 16Show fewer
- Recent change in body weight (gain or loss of > 5 lbs within the past 3 months)
- Current shift work (typical pattern of work/activity overnight)
- Previous weight loss surgery
- Adherence to a special diet within the past 3 months (e.g., low-carb or ketogenic diet, exclusion of food groups/specific macronutrients, intermittent fasting, etc.)
- Allergy to any food or ingredient included in the study diets, meals, or beverages
- Currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant during study participation
- Claustrophobia
- Contraindications for MRI, including pacemaker, aneurysm clips, neurostimulators, cochlear or other implants, metal in eyes, regular work with steel, etc. (Note: This is an fMRI-specific exclusion criterion. Participants may be allowed to participate in all other study sessions and measures that do not involve fMRI.)
- Contraindications for bioelectrical impedance analysis, specifically implanted devices
- Use of substances (or combinations of substances) in doses and frequencies that could influence neural outcomes of study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion
Roanoke, Virginia, 24016
About this study
The goal of this pilot study is to test the feasibility of assessing how biological factors and chemical properties of sugars may influence metabolism and food reward in humans. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Can differences in appetitive responses and neural activations to sucrose (table sugar) and its chemical components (glucose and fructose) be measured and quantified?
This study is a crossover design, meaning every participant will complete every condition. Participants will consume beverages containing sucrose, glucose, or fructose, which are each novelly flavored, 6 times within a week. During one of the consumption times, energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, and blood glucose will be measured in the lab before and for 2 hours after consumption. After participants have consumed each condition, they will undergo a tasting task in the MRI scanner, neural responses to receipt of the beverages are measured.
Read the detailed description
Prior studies in humans indicate that while energy expenditure response is similar after consumption of equal amounts of fructose, glucose, and sucrose (a dimer of glucose + fructose), carbohydrate oxidation and blood glucose responses differ. Elevated carbohydrate oxidation responses appear to be driven by the presence of fructose, and elevated blood glucose responses appear to be driven by the presence of glucose. Prior work also suggests that post-ingestive signals of glucose availability, measure specifically as blood glucose levels, intestinal glucose transporter activity, and carbohydrate oxidation rate, are all associated with elevated brain response to calorie-predictive flavor cues and reward learning of these flavor cues. However, in animal models, glucose has been shown to repeatedly and reliably condition these calorie-predictive learning responses, but fructose does not. Human work has indicated that oxidation of glucose is critical for these responses. Thus, it is unclear what roles fructose and glucose each play in conditioning reward responses and flavor-calorie learning. We hypothesize that fructose plays a synergistic role in enhancing flavor-calorie learning without itself conditioning the reward response.
- Conditions
- Food Preferences, Appetitive Behavior
- Being tested
- Sucrose drink, Glucose drink, Fructose drink
- Medical subject headings
- Food Preferences, Appetitive Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sucrose drinkOther
Also called Flavored beverage solution with 110 calories of sucrose
Participants will consume flavored beverage solutions containing 110 calories of sucrose in 6 exposure sessions within 1 week. One exposure session will include pre- and post-consumption blood draws and indirect calorimetry measurements inside a metabolic chamber over a 2-hour period. The other 5 exposure sessions will occur at specified times outside the laboratory sessions. Subjective ratings of internal state (i.e., hunger, fullness, and thirst) will be collected throughout each exposure. Subjective ratings of liking and wanting of each beverage will also be assessed.
Glucose drinkOther
Also called Flavored beverage solution with 110 calories of glucose
Participants will consume flavored beverage solutions containing 110 calories of glucose in 6 exposure sessions within 1 week. One exposure session will include pre- and post-consumption blood draws and indirect calorimetry measurements inside a metabolic chamber over a 2-hour period. The other 5 exposure sessions will occur at specified times outside the laboratory sessions. Subjective ratings of internal state (i.e., hunger, fullness, and thirst) will be collected throughout each exposure. Subjective ratings of liking and wanting of each beverage will also be assessed.
Fructose drinkOther
Also called Flavored beverage solution with 110 calories of fructose
Participants will consume flavored beverage solutions containing 110 calories of fructose in 6 exposure sessions within 1 week. One exposure session will include pre- and post-consumption blood draws and indirect calorimetry measurements inside a metabolic chamber over a 2-hour period. The other 5 exposure sessions will occur at specified times outside the laboratory sessions. Subjective ratings of internal state (i.e., hunger, fullness, and thirst) will be collected throughout each exposure. Subjective ratings of liking and wanting of each beverage will also be assessed.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sucrose, then Glucose, then Fructose | Experimental | Participants will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. Receives: Other: Sucrose drink; Other: Glucose drink; Other: Fructose drink |
| Sucrose, then Fructose, then Glucose | Experimental | Participants will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. Receives: Other: Sucrose drink; Other: Glucose drink; Other: Fructose drink |
| Glucose, then Fructose, then Sucrose | Experimental | Participants will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. Receives: Other: Sucrose drink; Other: Glucose drink; Other: Fructose drink |
| Glucose, then Sucrose, then Fructose | Experimental | Participants will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. Receives: Other: Sucrose drink; Other: Glucose drink; Other: Fructose drink |
| Fructose, then Glucose, then Sucrose | Experimental | Participants will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. Receives: Other: Sucrose drink; Other: Glucose drink; Other: Fructose drink |
| Fructose, then Sucrose, then Glucose | Experimental | Participants will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. Receives: Other: Sucrose drink; Other: Glucose drink; Other: Fructose drink |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Preference- Subjective Liking Ratings for Each Beverage on a Scale
Subjective ratings of liking of flavors used in the intervention will be assessed at baseline and after the intervention. The generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale will be used. The scale is anchored by descriptors of "Most Disliked Sensation Imaginable" and "Most Liked Sensation Imaginable" at the lower and upper ends, respectively. The score is determined by the place on the scale participants select (range of scale is 0-100). An increase in score from baseline to post-intervention indicates an increase in liking.
Measured: Immediately after informed consent and in the post-test session approximately 5 weeks later
Secondary outcomes (6)
Post-Test Measure of Preference- Subjective Wanting Ratings for Each Beverage on a Scale
Subjective ratings of liking of flavors used in the intervention will be assessed at baseline and after the intervention. A Visual Analog Scale will be used. Participants select a place on the line that corresponds with their subjective rating, and the score is determined by the place selected (range of scores is 0-100). The line is anchored by polar opposite descriptors ("Do not want at all" and "Want very much"). An increase in score from baseline to post-intervention indicates and increase in wanting.
Measured: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Post-Test Measure of Preference - Wanting (ad Libitum Intake): The Amount Consumed of Each Beverage is Reported as the Outcome
Ad libitum intake will be used as a measure of wanting in a post-test session. Participants will be provided each beverage used during the intervention and asked to drink as much or as little of them as they would like over a 30-minute period.
Measured: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Post-Test Measure of Preference- Wanting (Forced Choice): Number of Participants Who Chose Each Indicated Beverage
Forced choice will be used as a measure of wanting in a post-test session. Participants will be provided each of the beverages used during the intervention and asked to choose 1 to take home with them.
Measured: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Blood Oxygen Level-dependent (BOLD) Response to Beverages
In a post-test session, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed while beverages (without calories) used during the intervention and a tasteless solution are delivered through a custom manifold fitted to a head coil and connected to a pump system that allows precisely timed and measured delivery of liquids. Participants receive the glucose, sucrose, fructose, and tasteless (control) solutions 18 times each over the course of 2 runs. Contrasts of interest are the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of glucose+>tasteless solution, sucrose>tasteless solution, and fructose>tasteless deliveries. Parameter estimates for these contrasts are extracted and reported. A positive outcome reflects greater whole-brain BOLD response for the sugar condition compared with a tasteless solution.
Measured: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Blood Glucose Response to Beverages
Blood glucose will be assessed at baseline and at set time points for 2 hours after consumption of intervention beverages (baseline, 5-, 20-, 40-, 60-, 90-, and 120-minutes after drink consumption)in one exposure session. Area under the curve is calculated using these time points and reported as the outcome measure.
Measured: Each week for 3 weeks during the study
Energy Expenditure in Response to Beverages
Indirect calorimetry will be used to determine energy expenditure at baseline and for 120 minutes after consumption of condition beverages in an exposure session. Area under the curve is calculated as a change from baseline energy expenditure using minute-by-minute resolution across 120 minutes and reported as the outcome measure.
Measured: Each week for 3 weeks during the study
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Aug 2023
- Study start1 Sep 2023
- Primary completion22 Jul 2024
- Study completion22 Jul 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Food PreferencesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alexandra DiFeliceantonio, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06015490
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- #23-297
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 3 May 2023
- Last updated
- 11 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of the Physiological Response to Sugar on Brain Activity and Behavior
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06015490
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- #23-297
- Conditions
- Food Preferences, Appetitive Behavior
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 7 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Jul 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 11 Sep 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this pilot study is to test the feasibility of assessing how biological factors and chemical properties of sugars may influence metabolism and food reward in humans. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Can differences in appetitive responses and neural activations to sucrose (table sugar) and its chemical components (glucose and fructose) be measured and quantified?
This study is a crossover design, meaning every participant will complete every condition. Participants will consume beverages containing sucrose, glucose, or fructose, which are each novelly flavored, 6 times within a week. During one of the consumption times, energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, and blood glucose will be measured in the lab before and for 2 hours after consumption. After participants have consumed each condition, they will undergo a tasting task in the MRI scanner, neural responses to receipt of the beverages are measured.
Detailed description
Prior studies in humans indicate that while energy expenditure response is similar after consumption of equal amounts of fructose, glucose, and sucrose (a dimer of glucose + fructose), carbohydrate oxidation and blood glucose responses differ. Elevated carbohydrate oxidation responses appear to be driven by the presence of fructose, and elevated blood glucose responses appear to be driven by the presence of glucose. Prior work also suggests that post-ingestive signals of glucose availability, measure specifically as blood glucose levels, intestinal glucose transporter activity, and carbohydrate oxidation rate, are all associated with elevated brain response to calorie-predictive flavor cues and reward learning of these flavor cues. However, in animal models, glucose has been shown to repeatedly and reliably condition these calorie-predictive learning responses, but fructose does not. Human work has indicated that oxidation of glucose is critical for these responses. Thus, it is unclear what roles fructose and glucose each play in conditioning reward responses and flavor-calorie learning. We hypothesize that fructose plays a synergistic role in enhancing flavor-calorie learning without itself conditioning the reward response.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sucrose, then Glucose, then Fructose | Experimental | Other: Sucrose drink, Other: Glucose drink, Other: Fructose drinkParticipants will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. |
| Sucrose, then Fructose, then Glucose | Experimental | Other: Sucrose drink, Other: Glucose drink, Other: Fructose drinkParticipants will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. |
| Glucose, then Fructose, then Sucrose | Experimental | Other: Sucrose drink, Other: Glucose drink, Other: Fructose drinkParticipants will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. |
| Glucose, then Sucrose, then Fructose | Experimental | Other: Sucrose drink, Other: Glucose drink, Other: Fructose drinkParticipants will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. |
| Fructose, then Glucose, then Sucrose | Experimental | Other: Sucrose drink, Other: Glucose drink, Other: Fructose drinkParticipants will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week. |
| Fructose, then Sucrose, then Glucose | Experimental | Other: Sucrose drink, Other: Glucose drink, Other: Fructose drinkParticipants will consume a 110 kcal fructose drink 6 times during 1 week. Then, they will consume a 110 kcal sucrose drink 6 times during 1 week, and then, a 110 kcal glucose drink 6 times during 1 week. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- BMI between 18.5-25 kg/m2
- Not pregnant or planning to become pregnant during study participation
- Residing in the Roanoke area and/or willing/able to attend sessions at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech Carilion
- Weigh at least 110 lbs
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Current inhaled nicotine use
- History of alcohol dependence.
- Current or past diagnosis of cardiometabolic disease or problems, including diabetes, endocrine, heart, or thyroid problems, that may influence study outcomes
- Hemoglobin A1C >5.7%
- Taking medications known to influence study measures (including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), allergy, antidepressant, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, birth control, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, thyroid, sleep, or weight loss medications)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sucrose drinkAlso: Flavored beverage solution with 110 calories of sucroseParticipants will consume flavored beverage solutions containing 110 calories of sucrose in 6 exposure sessions within 1 week. One exposure session will include pre- and post-consumption blood draws and indirect calorimetry measurements inside a metabolic chamber over a 2-hour period. The other 5 exposure sessions will occur at specified times outside the laboratory sessions. Subjective ratings of internal state (i.e., hunger, fullness, and thirst) will be collected throughout each exposure. Subjective ratings of liking and wanting of each beverage will also be assessed. | Other | Fructose, then Glucose, then Sucrose, Fructose, then Sucrose, then Glucose, Glucose, then Fructose, then Sucrose, Glucose, then Sucrose, then Fructose, Sucrose, then Fructose, then Glucose, Sucrose, then Glucose, then Fructose |
| Glucose drinkAlso: Flavored beverage solution with 110 calories of glucoseParticipants will consume flavored beverage solutions containing 110 calories of glucose in 6 exposure sessions within 1 week. One exposure session will include pre- and post-consumption blood draws and indirect calorimetry measurements inside a metabolic chamber over a 2-hour period. The other 5 exposure sessions will occur at specified times outside the laboratory sessions. Subjective ratings of internal state (i.e., hunger, fullness, and thirst) will be collected throughout each exposure. Subjective ratings of liking and wanting of each beverage will also be assessed. | Other | Fructose, then Glucose, then Sucrose, Fructose, then Sucrose, then Glucose, Glucose, then Fructose, then Sucrose, Glucose, then Sucrose, then Fructose, Sucrose, then Fructose, then Glucose, Sucrose, then Glucose, then Fructose |
| Fructose drinkAlso: Flavored beverage solution with 110 calories of fructoseParticipants will consume flavored beverage solutions containing 110 calories of fructose in 6 exposure sessions within 1 week. One exposure session will include pre- and post-consumption blood draws and indirect calorimetry measurements inside a metabolic chamber over a 2-hour period. The other 5 exposure sessions will occur at specified times outside the laboratory sessions. Subjective ratings of internal state (i.e., hunger, fullness, and thirst) will be collected throughout each exposure. Subjective ratings of liking and wanting of each beverage will also be assessed. | Other | Fructose, then Glucose, then Sucrose, Fructose, then Sucrose, then Glucose, Glucose, then Fructose, then Sucrose, Glucose, then Sucrose, then Fructose, Sucrose, then Fructose, then Glucose, Sucrose, then Glucose, then Fructose |
Primary outcome
Change in Preference- Subjective Liking Ratings for Each Beverage on a Scale
Time frame: Immediately after informed consent and in the post-test session approximately 5 weeks later
Subjective ratings of liking of flavors used in the intervention will be assessed at baseline and after the intervention. The generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale will be used. The scale is anchored by descriptors of "Most Disliked Sensation Imaginable" and "Most Liked Sensation Imaginable" at the lower and upper ends, respectively. The score is determined by the place on the scale participants select (range of scale is 0-100). An increase in score from baseline to post-intervention indicates an increase in liking.
6 secondary outcomes
Post-Test Measure of Preference- Subjective Wanting Ratings for Each Beverage on a Scale
Time frame: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Post-Test Measure of Preference - Wanting (ad Libitum Intake): The Amount Consumed of Each Beverage is Reported as the Outcome
Time frame: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Post-Test Measure of Preference- Wanting (Forced Choice): Number of Participants Who Chose Each Indicated Beverage
Time frame: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Blood Oxygen Level-dependent (BOLD) Response to Beverages
Time frame: At the end of study; approximately 5 weeks after first session
Blood Glucose Response to Beverages
Time frame: Each week for 3 weeks during the study
Energy Expenditure in Response to Beverages
Time frame: Each week for 3 weeks during the study
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Sep 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Food Preferences
Recruiting
Influence of Social Media Ads on Food Choice - Master Protocol
Food Selection, Food Choices
Recruiting
The Florida ASCENT Study
Cancer, Food Deprivation
Recruiting
Using Single and Combined Nudge Strategies to Promote Healthier Beverage Intake Among College Students
Obesity, Food Selection
Recruiting
Influence of "Likes" in Social Media Food Ads on Black and White Adolescents' Food Purchases - Study 2
Food Selection
RecruitingObservational study
Evolution of Food Oral Processing Behaviours, Food Bolus Formation and Texture Preferences Between 6 to 12 Years Old and Adult Age
Food Oral Processing, Texture Preference
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Sucrose drink, Glucose drink and Fructose drink in people with Food Preferences and Appetitive Behavior, run by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 11 Sep 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Preference- Subjective Liking Ratings for Each Beverage on a Scale (time frame: Immediately after informed consent and in the post-test session approximately 5 weeks later). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Sep 2025.