Effectiveness of Relationship Education for Reducing HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

The investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 5000 HIV-negative individuals, anticipating half of the individuals will have a serious partner, and half of those partnered individuals will enroll with their partner. After completing the baseline assessment, participants will be randomized to either the all2GETHER intervention package or follow-up only control, and they will be followed 24 months post-intervention. Only individuals participating with their partner will receive dyadic skills coaching sessions, while single and individual partnered MSM will receive the upgraded all2GETHER web app program only. all2GETHER web app delivers all core intervention content and uses diverse media (e.g., videos, interactive activities, quizzes) to deliver relationship education (e.g., effective communication, conflict resolution) and HIV prevention (e.g., behavioral/biomedical prevention, relationship agreements).

Eligibility Screening. Participants will be recruited via paid advertisement on traditional social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram), geospatial dating apps (e.g., Grindr), and organic social media engagement (e.g., posts in Reddit threads). Online screening - online recruitment materials will be linked directly to the online eligibility screener. Potential participants will be greeted with a brief description of the project and will be asked if they are willing to answer some questions to assess their eligibility. Participants who meet initial eligibility criteria will be shown a message telling them that they are preliminarily eligible for the study and asked to provide their contact information. Those participants in a relationship will be asked to provide contact information for themselves and for their partner. If they do not consent to give contact information for their partner, the participant will be responsible for ensuring the partner also completes the screener. The investigators will make every effort to enroll the dyad - if partnered individuals cannot enroll their partner, they may participate as individuals.

Individual and Couple Confirmation. For couples - staff will confirm dyads as an actual couple, which involves separate calls to each partner with a series of questions about their relationship. Upon determining eligibility, and whether participation will be individual or dyadic, participants will be emailed a link to informed consent and baseline self-report questionnaire.

Baseline Assessment. Eligible participants will receive a link via email to access the online informed consent and baseline survey. Informed consent (assent for 16-17 year olds) will be completed just prior to completion of the baseline self-report questionnaire, via REDCap. Participants will be presented with the full online consent form. If they consent by clicking the 'I Agree' button at the bottom of the page, their consent will be recorded in our database. After obtaining consent/assent, participants will complete the baseline survey, which will take 45-50 minutes to complete. After completing the baseline survey, participants will be mailed HIV/STI testing kits. Participants will self-collect specimens using our team's established procedures, and return specimens for processing.

Randomization. After completing the baseline assessment, participants will be randomized to either the all2GETHER intervention package or follow-up only control, and they will be followed 24 months post-intervention. The all2GETHER intervention package will be tailored based on 2 decision rules: 1) Relationship status and (among partnered MSM) 2) individual v. dyadic participation. Only dyads will receive dyadic skills coaching sessions, while single and individual partnered MSM will receive the upgraded all2GETHER web app program only. Participating dyads will further receive 2 individualized couple sessions focused on skill implementation, emphasizing communication and problem-solving (Session 1) and sexual health (Session 2).

all2GETHER Intervention: The all2GETHER intervention package consists of 2 primary components: 1) all2GETHER web app (i.e., automated, interactive multimedia on relationship education and HIV prevention) and 2) dyadic skills coaching sessions. Mirroring pragmatic clinical decision-making, delivery of each component will be tailored to participant characteristics.

all2GETHER web app: Automated Relationship Education and HIV Prevention. Content will consist of 4 modules and contain: Confessional videos with real-life couples/singles, acted role plays, animated didactic videos, and interactive activities (e.g., problem-solving stress, goal setting for dating/relationships and HIV prevention).

Dyadic Skills Coaching Sessions: Participating dyads will receive all2GETHER web app + dyadic skills coaching sessions via videoconference using Zoom. Couples will complete 2 coaching sessions separated by 1 week that focus on implementation of skills, applied to the unique needs of each couple. Session 1 focuses on communication skills coaching, conflict resolution and problem-solving. Session 2 focuses on sexual satisfaction, preferences for monogamous/non-monogamous relationship agreements, and biomedical/behavioral HIV prevention.

Control Condition:

Participants in the control condition will receive no formal intervention, which is consistent with our primary aim of examining effectiveness on HIV incidence. The investigators will, however, provide all participants with HIV prevention resources from the CDC website and other national databases. The investigators will also assess exposure to other interventions that may be naturally occurring in participants' local context, which can be used to describe the sample and as a covariate (as necessary).

Facilitators. Facilitators will hold a bachelor's degree at minimum and have direct experience working with young adults and/or MSM. Facilitators will receive project- and university-specific training and will receive manualized training on HIV risk reduction and communication skills coaching. Weekly supervision groups will review and discuss issues that arise during sessions. Using BA-level facilitators means all2GETHER will be easier to implement in the community.

Post-Session Evaluations. After each individual or couple completes the all2GETHER web app they will complete a brief intervention and acceptability and tolerance survey. Additionally, dyads will be sent a brief list of questions post communication and sexual health session to gauge acceptability and session utility.

Assessment Timepoints. Follow-up assessments will occur at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months postintervention. Follow-up at 6- and 18-months will include self-report questionnaire only; 12- months will additionally consist of self-collection of specimens for HIV/STI testing; and 24- months will also include STI/HIV testing. All assessments will last approximately 45-60 minutes will assess the same or analogous constructs.

Fidelity. Independent assessors review 20% of audio-recorded sessions and score them based on adherence to session protocol and ability to establish a collaborative relationship with participants.