Food PreferencesVLONCT05432271
Online Food and Beverage Labels and Vending Machine Selections
A study testing Exposure to calorie information, Exposure to healthy labels only and Exposure to healthiness information in people with Food Preferences and Obesity, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to compare the impact of 5 different types of front of package (FOP) food and beverage labels: 1) calorie labels [control], 2) green labels on healthy foods, 3) red/yellow/green labels on less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy foods, 4) physical activity calorie equivalent labels, and 5)… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Food Preferences, Obesity, Weight Gain
- What is being tested?
- Exposure to calorie information, Exposure to healthy labels only and Exposure to healthiness information
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 8,145 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 16 Nov 2022to 3 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants will be US adults
- Ages 18 or older
- With an over-sample of adults with lower educational attainment (some college or less)
Who cannot join
- Younger than 18
- Non-US
- Educational quota filled
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
About this study
Official title: A Large-scale, Long-term, Randomized Trial of Nutrition Labeling Interventions
The aim of this study is to compare the impact of 5 different types of front of package (FOP) food and beverage labels: 1) calorie labels [control], 2) green labels on healthy foods, 3) red/yellow/green labels on less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy foods, 4) physical activity calorie equivalent labels, and 5) "High in" nutrient warning labels) on consumers' beverage and snack selections.
Read the detailed description
This project involves an online randomized experiment. We are working with an external survey company that will recruit 8,000 participants to complete an online survey in which they will be randomized to one of the five different label conditions: 1) calorie labels (control condition); 2) single green traffic light labels (on healthy foods); 3) multiple traffic light labels (red traffic light labels applied to less healthy foods, yellow applied to moderately healthy foods, and green on healthy foods); 4) physical activity labels (calorie content displayed in terms of physical activity equivalents); 5) "High in" warnings (applied to all products exceeding thresholds for calories, saturated fat, sugar, or sodium content). Participants will be instructed to select products to purchase in a mock vending machine. After purchasing their products, they will be asked to answer questions about their perceptions of the different labels.
- Conditions
- Food Preferences, Obesity, Weight Gain
- Being tested
- Exposure to calorie information, Exposure to healthy labels only, Exposure to healthiness information, Exposure to physical activity equivalents, Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels
- Keywords
- food labeling, sugar-sweetened beverages, eating, drinking, choice behavior
- Medical subject headings
- Food Preferences, Obesity, Weight Gain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exposure to calorie informationBehavioural
Calories for all beverages and foods
Exposure to healthy labels onlyBehavioural
Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy
Exposure to healthiness informationBehavioural
All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)
Exposure to physical activity equivalentsBehavioural
All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories
Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labelsBehavioural
Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Active comparator | Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information |
| Green labels | Experimental | Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information; Behavioral: Exposure to healthy labels only |
| Traffic light labels | Experimental | Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information; Behavioral: Exposure to healthiness information |
| Physical activity calorie equivalent labels | Experimental | Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information; Behavioral: Exposure to physical activity equivalents |
| "High in" nutrient warning labels | Experimental | Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Receives: Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information; Behavioral: Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of Participants Purchasing Beverages With Calories
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is binary: purchased a beverage with calories or not.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Calories Purchased From Beverages, if Beverage With Calories Chosen
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is calories in beverage chosen to purchase - only for those participants who chose a beverage with calories.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Calories Purchased From Snacks
Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is calories in snacks chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Secondary outcomes (33)
Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Beverage
Participants will select a beverage to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a healthy beverage (green labeled in the traffic light condition)
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Beverage
Participants will select a beverage to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a moderately healthy beverage (yellow labeled in the traffic light condition)
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Beverage
Participants will select a beverage to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a less healthy beverage (red labeled in the traffic light condition)
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Snack
Participants will select a snack to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a healthy snack (green labeled in the traffic light condition)
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Snack
Participants will select a snack to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a moderately healthy snack (yellow labeled in the traffic light condition)
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Snack
Participants will select a snack to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a less healthy snack (red labeled in the traffic light condition)
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Saturated Fat Purchased From Beverages
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is saturated fat in beverage chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Sodium Purchased From Beverages
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is sodium in beverage chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Total Sugar Purchased From Beverages
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is total sugar in beverage chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Saturated Fat Purchased From Snacks
Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is saturated fat in snack chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Sodium Purchased From Snacks
Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is sodium in snack chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Total Sugar Purchased From Snacks
Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is total sugar in snack chosen to purchase.
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Beverage
This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Beverage
This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Beverage
This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Snack
This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Snack
This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Snack
This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Noticing Trial Labels
Participants will respond "yes," "no," or "not sure" to the item: "When you were selecting a beverage and a snack, did you notice any other nutrition labels on or next to the products?"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Beverage Selection
Participants will respond on a 5-point scale ranging from "Not at all" to "A great deal" to the item: "How much did you use this label to help you decide what beverage to buy?"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Snack Selection
Participants will respond on a 5-point scale ranging from "Not at all" to "A great deal" to the item: "How much did you use this label to help you decide what snack to buy?"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Trust in Labels
Item: "How much do you trust or distrust the information on this label?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "completely distrust" to "completely trust".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Reactance to Labels
We will examine the average reactance to the label (said the label is trying to manipulate me, or annoys me). Each reactance item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Attention to Labels
Item: "How much does this label grab your attention?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Learned From Labels
Item: "To what extent did you learn something new from this label?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Thinking About Health Effects
Item: "How much does this label make you think about the health effects of food and beverages?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Discouragement
We will examine if they said the label discourages them from choosing unhealthy products. This item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Encouragement
We will examine if they said the label encourages them to choose healthy products. This item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Negative Emotional Reactions
We will examine the average negative emotional response to the label (said the label made them feel worried, scared, guilty, ashamed, or sad). Each emotion will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Control in Response to Labels
Participants will respond to the item "Overall does this label make you feel…" with one of 3 responses: "less in control of making healthy eating decisions", "more in control of healthy eating decisions", or "neither less nor more in control of making healthy eating decisions"
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Personal Stigmatization
Participants will respond to the item "How personally stigmatized does this label make you feel?" on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Obesity Stigma
We will examine the average stigma response to the label (the label stigmatizes people with obesity, the label increases blame toward people for being overweight). Each stigma item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Disgust Toward People With Obesity
Participants will respond to the item "How disgusted do people with obesity make you feel?" on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".
Measured: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jun 2022
- Study start16 Nov 2022
- Primary completion3 Dec 2022
- Study completion3 Dec 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Food PreferencesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PennsylvaniaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 5 front-of-package labeling arms with equal probability: Participants will complete two vending machine choice tasks with their assigned labels shown (one for beverages, one for snack foods, in random order). For each choice task, participants will be asked to select 1 item they most wish to purchase. We will incentivize truthful responding by instructing participants that they could be randomly selected to have their choice delivered to them. We will record participants' selections and match these to nutrition information.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 8,145 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pennsylvania
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Christina A Roberto, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Pennsylvania
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05432271
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 850263
- Other IDs
- R01DK113307
- Acronym
- VLO
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 15 Jun 2022
- Last updated
- 20 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: In the consenting process, participants agreed that de-identified data produced from this project may be distributed for future research studies without additional informed consent. After analysis, we will upload the de-identified data to ResearchBox for public sharing.
Publications
Grummon AH, Gibson LA, Musicus AA, Stephens-Shields AJ, Hua SV, Roberto CA. Effects of 4 Interpretive Front-of-Package Labeling Systems on Hypothetical Beverage and Snack Selections: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Sep 5;6(9):e2333515. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.33515.
PubMed 37703015
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Large-scale, Long-term, Randomized Trial of Nutrition Labeling Interventions
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05432271
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VLO / 850263
- Conditions
- Food Preferences, Obesity, Weight Gain
- Keywords
- food labeling, sugar-sweetened beverages, eating, drinking, choice behavior
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 8,145 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PennsylvaniaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- Study start
- 16 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 20 Dec 2023
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to compare the impact of 5 different types of front of package (FOP) food and beverage labels: 1) calorie labels [control], 2) green labels on healthy foods, 3) red/yellow/green labels on less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy foods, 4) physical activity calorie equivalent labels, and 5) "High in" nutrient warning labels) on consumers' beverage and snack selections.
Detailed description
This project involves an online randomized experiment. We are working with an external survey company that will recruit 8,000 participants to complete an online survey in which they will be randomized to one of the five different label conditions: 1) calorie labels (control condition); 2) single green traffic light labels (on healthy foods); 3) multiple traffic light labels (red traffic light labels applied to less healthy foods, yellow applied to moderately healthy foods, and green on healthy foods); 4) physical activity labels (calorie content displayed in terms of physical activity equivalents); 5) "High in" warnings (applied to all products exceeding thresholds for calories, saturated fat, sugar, or sodium content). Participants will be instructed to select products to purchase in a mock vending machine. After purchasing their products, they will be asked to answer questions about their perceptions of the different labels.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 5
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 5 front-of-package labeling arms with equal probability: Participants will complete two vending machine choice tasks with their assigned labels shown (one for beverages, one for snack foods, in random order). For each choice task, participants will be asked to select 1 item they most wish to purchase. We will incentivize truthful responding by instructing participants that they could be randomly selected to have their choice delivered to them. We will record participants' selections and match these to nutrition information.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Active comparator | Behavioral: Exposure to calorie informationCalorie labels shown on front of product packaging |
| Green labels | Experimental | Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information, Behavioral: Exposure to healthy labels onlyGreen label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products |
| Traffic light labels | Experimental | Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information, Behavioral: Exposure to healthiness informationRed/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively |
| Physical activity calorie equivalent labels | Experimental | Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information, Behavioral: Exposure to physical activity equivalentsLabels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories |
| "High in" nutrient warning labels | Experimental | Behavioral: Exposure to calorie information, Behavioral: Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labelsLabels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Participants will be US adults
- Ages 18 or older
- With an over-sample of adults with lower educational attainment (some college or less)
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Younger than 18
- Non-US
- Educational quota filled
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exposure to calorie informationCalories for all beverages and foods | Behavioural | "High in" nutrient warning labels, Control, Green labels, Physical activity calorie equivalent labels, Traffic light labels |
| Exposure to healthy labels onlyGreen labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy | Behavioural | Green labels |
| Exposure to healthiness informationAll beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red) | Behavioural | Traffic light labels |
| Exposure to physical activity equivalentsAll beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories | Behavioural | Physical activity calorie equivalent labels |
| Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labelsWarning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content | Behavioural | "High in" nutrient warning labels |
Primary outcome
Number of Participants Purchasing Beverages With Calories
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is binary: purchased a beverage with calories or not.
Calories Purchased From Beverages, if Beverage With Calories Chosen
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is calories in beverage chosen to purchase - only for those participants who chose a beverage with calories.
Calories Purchased From Snacks
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is calories in snacks chosen to purchase.
33 secondary outcomes
Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Beverage
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Beverage
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Beverage
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Snack
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Snack
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Snack
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Saturated Fat Purchased From Beverages
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Sodium Purchased From Beverages
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Total Sugar Purchased From Beverages
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Saturated Fat Purchased From Snacks
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Sodium Purchased From Snacks
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Total Sugar Purchased From Snacks
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Beverage
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Beverage
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Beverage
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Snack
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Snack
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Snack
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Noticing Trial Labels
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Beverage Selection
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Snack Selection
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Trust in Labels
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Reactance to Labels
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Attention to Labels
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Learned From Labels
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Thinking About Health Effects
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Discouragement
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Encouragement
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Negative Emotional Reactions
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Control in Response to Labels
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Personal Stigmatization
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Perceived Obesity Stigma
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Disgust Toward People With Obesity
Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Dec 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37703015Grummon AH, Gibson LA, Musicus AA, Stephens-Shields AJ, Hua SV, Roberto CA. Effects of 4 Interpretive Front-of-Package Labeling Systems on Hypothetical Beverage and Snack Selections: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Sep 5;6(9):e2333515. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.33515.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. In the consenting process, participants agreed that de-identified data produced from this project may be distributed for future research studies without additional informed consent. After analysis, we will upload the de-identified data to ResearchBox for public sharing.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Christina A Roberto, PhD principal investigator
University of Pennsylvania
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exposure to calorie information, Exposure to healthy labels only and Exposure to healthiness information in people with Food Preferences and Obesity, run by University of Pennsylvania at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 20 Dec 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of Participants Purchasing Beverages With Calories (time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05432271, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Dec 2023.