COVID-19Phase 2I-SPY_COVIDNCT04488081
I-SPY COVID-19 TRIAL: An Adaptive Platform Trial for Critically Ill Patients
A Phase 2 study testing Remdesivir, Imatinib Mesylate and Dexamethasone in people with COVID-19, run by QuantumLeap Healthcare Collaborative at 36 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this project is to rapidly screen promising agents, in the setting of an adaptive platform trial, for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this phase 2 platform design, agents will be identified with a signal suggesting a big impact on reducing mortality and the need for, as well as duration… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- COVID-19
- What is being tested?
- Remdesivir, Imatinib Mesylate and Dexamethasone
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,500 participants
- Where
- 36 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 31 Jul 2020to 31 Jul 2030
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for participation in this study:
- Male or Female, at least 18 years old
- Admitted to the hospital and placed on high flow oxygen (≥6L by nasal cannula or mask delivery system) or intubated for the treatment of (established or presumed) COVID-19.
- Informed consent provided by the patient, LAR or health care proxy.
- Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR or Rapid antigen testing for SARS- CoV-2 infection prior to randomization.
Who cannot join
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women (must be documented by a pregnancy test during hospitalization)
- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to study agent based on review of the medical record and patient history.
- Comfort measures only.
- Acute liver disease, or chronic liver disease with a Child-Pugh score greater than 11.
- Resident for more than six months at a skilled nursing facility.
- Estimated mortality greater than 50% over the next six months from underlying chronic conditions.
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- Time since requirement for high flow oxygen or ventilation greater than 5 days.
- Anticipated transfer to another hospital which is not a study site within 72 hours.
- Patients with either end-stage kidney disease or acute kidney injury who are on dialysis.
- Co-enrollment in clinical trials of pharmacologic agents requiring an IND.
- On 3 or more vasopressors.
- Pre-existing heart failure with a known left ventricular ejection fraction <25% or unstable angina pectoris.
Trial locations and contacts
36 sites in 1 country.
36 sites in 1 country
United States36 sites
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
University of Colorado
Aurora, Colorado, 80045
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Florida, 33124
UC Davis Medical Center
Davis, California, 95817
DHR Health
Edinburg, Texas, 78539
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, 32608
Corewell Health
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
UC Irvine Medical Center
Irvine, California, 92868
Kalispell Regional Medical Center
Kalispell, Montana, 59901
Logan Health Medical Center
Kalispell, Montana, 59901
Long Beach Memorial Medical Center
Long Beach, California, 90806
Kaiser LAMC
Los Angeles, California, 90027
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, 90033
WVU Medicine
Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506
Virtua Mount Holly Hospital
Mount Holly, New Jersey, 08060
Yale Cancer Center
New Haven, Connecticut, 06510
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York, 10032
Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian
Newport Beach, California, 92663
University of Pennsylvania (U Penn)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York, 14642
University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
San Francisco, California, 94115
Sanford Health
Souix Falls, South Dakota, 57109
Mercy Hospital Springfield
Springfield, Missouri, 65804
Stamford Health
Stamford, Connecticut, 06904
Montefiore Medical Center
The Bronx, New York, 10461
Virtua Voorhees Hospital
Voorhees Township, New Jersey, 08043
Georgetown University
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20007
Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157
Lankenau Medical Center (Mainline Health)
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, 19096
Main Line Health - Lankenau Medical Center
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, 19096
About this study
Official title: I-SPY COVID TRIAL: An Adaptive Platform Trial to Reduce Mortality and Ventilator Requirements for Critically Ill Patients
The goal of this project is to rapidly screen promising agents, in the setting of an adaptive platform trial, for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this phase 2 platform design, agents will be identified with a signal suggesting a big impact on reducing mortality and the need for, as well as duration, of mechanical ventilation.
Read the detailed description
This platform trial will provide access to repurposed and investigational agents for critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who have severe or life-threatening COVID-19. The main focus of this trial is a platform study for identifying effective agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Any critically ill patient with known or presumed COVID-19 will be automatically entered into the screening phase of the trial until SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed. Basic data will be assembled for each patient (such as ventilatory status and survival). If interested in the therapeutic portion of the trial, potential participants will be asked to sign a consent form describing the backbone treatment and the two specific investigational agent arms to which they may be randomized. The primary endpoints will be time to recover to a durable level 4 (or less) on the WHO COVID-19 ordinal scale for clinical improvement and time to mortality (death). For this trial, a durable level 4 is defined as at least 48 hours at COVID level 4 or less (nasal prongs oxygen) without returning to high flow oxygen or intubation. Acute care facility resource utilization will be automatically calculated (total length of stay in a critical care setting, days intubated, and survival). Any change in status, including intubation, extubation, death or discharge, will be recorded and verified by the attending physician.
Patients will be evaluated based on their initial status (ventilation at entry vs. high flow oxygen). Exploratory biomarkers will be evaluated over time (ARDS phenotypes and other proposed markers) to facilitate clinical learning. A maximum of two investigational arms may be open at a time. The anticipated accrual will be 50 patients per week. The maximum number of participants assigned to an arm without graduation will be 125 patients. Agents can be dropped for futility after enrollment of 40 patients. As the trial proceeds and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the COVID-19 illness emerges, expanded biomarker and data collection can be added as needed to further elucidate how agents are or are not working. The study design features comparison of investigational agent efficacy using a Bayesian design, which will allow the detection of strong efficacy signals with the fewest possible patients. Initially the control will be patients given current standard of care (supportive care for ARDS, including lung protective ventilation and remdesivir and dexamethasone as backbone therapy). As other treatments (for example, anticoagulation) become part of standard supportive care across sites, these will be added to the backbone therapy. If an agent meets the threshold for graduation the company leadership will be informed as will the FDA. The arm with the graduated agent will cease to enroll, allowing a new arm with a different investigational agent to be added.
Every trial participant will have blood collected at trial enrollment, day 3, and day 7 for pre-specified biomarker and DNA and RNA analysis. Additional biomarkers can be added as the trial proceeds. Patient outcomes will also be evaluated on the basis of whether patients are ventilated initially or not.
Observational Component:
Initially, all COVID-19 confirmed patients who started high-flow oxygen (WHO COVID-19 level 5; ≥6L oxygen by nasal prongs or mask) were entered in an Observational Component which collected data via extraction of medical records. Patients in this Observational Component also had their daily COVID status and drug administration form CRFs completed. An expanded Observational Study will replace the original Observational Component. The expanded observational study (Supplement 1) will collect blood sample(s) and clinical data from ARDS and AHRF patients (including COVID ARDS patients) to test the feasibility of quantifying a set of biomarkers that will allow each patient to be classified into either a hyper-inflammatory or hypo-inflammatory subtype in real time. If treatment of these critically ill ICU patients is to be guided by subtype classification, it is essential that the operational time for classification is as quick as possible.
- Conditions
- COVID-19
- Being tested
- Remdesivir, Imatinib Mesylate, Dexamethasone, Cenicriviroc, Icatibant
- Keywords
- COVID-19, severe disease, Platform Trial, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, SARS-COV-2, AHRF, Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19, Disease, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Respiratory Insufficiency
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
RemdesivirDrug
Also called GS-5734
Participants who receive remdesivir as part of their standard of care will be administered remdesivir by IV for up to ten days. Remdesivir 200mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100mg IV once daily maintenance doses for 4 or 9 days.
Imatinib MesylateDrug
Subjects will be administered 800 mg on Day 1 orally, in divided doses of 400 mg administered twice per day. 400 mg daily will be administered orally for the following 9 days or until discharge, whichever is sooner.
DexamethasoneDrug
6 mg intravenous of oral dexamethasone once daily up to 10 days or equivalent for alternate corticosteroid if dexamethasone unavailable.
CenicrivirocDrug
Oral, loading 300 mg qAM followed by 150 mg qPM, 12 hours apart on day 1, then 150 mg BID for total of 14 to 28 days depending on date of hospital discharge.
IcatibantDrug
Also called Firazyr
Subcutaneous, a safety run-in for the first 10 subjects was conducted using a regimen of 30 mg q8h × 3 days. All subsequent subjects received drug at 30 mg q8h x 6 days.
ApremilastDrug
Also called Otezla
oral, 30 mg bid × 14 days.
dornase alfaBiological
Also called Pulmozyme
For Non-intubated subjects: 2.5 mg BID until hospital discharge, improvement to room air (or baseline oxygen use prior to illness) for 24 hours, or total of 14 days of study drug, whichever comes first.
For intubated subjects: 5.0 mg BID in 10 mL normal saline until extubation or 14 days, whichever comes first. If intubated for less than 14 days, extubated subjects received 2.5 mg BID for a total Dornase treatment of 14 days, or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first.
CelecoxibDrug
Also called celebrex
Oral: 400 mg BID for 7 days.
FamotidineDrug
Also called Pepcid
Oral: High dose 80 mg QID for 7 days followed by 40 mg BID for a course of 14 days.
IC14Biological
intravenous, 4 mg/kg on day 1, followed by 2 mg/kg on days 2, 3, 4
AviptadilDrug
Also called Zyesami
Inhalation via nebulizer, 100 µg three times (TID) daily for a maximum of 14 days
narsoplimabBiological
Also called OMS721
Dosed at 4 mg/kg, given as a 30-minute intravenous infusion (up to a maximum of 370 mg per infusion) twice weekly for a total of four weeks (i.e. 9 doses) or until hospital discharge whichever comes first.
CyproheptadineDrug
Also called periactin
4 mg tablet, with dosing regimen of 8 mg every 8 hours daily for ten (10) days. If the patient weighs less than 48 kg, the regimen is 6 mg every 8 hours daily for ten (10) days. If the participant was discharged before completion of this dosing regimen the drug was not continued.
CyclosporineDrug
Also called CsA
Modified CsA at an oral dose of 5mg/kg per day administered in two divided doses daily for 5-days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control/Backbone - Remdesivir and Dexamethasone (CLOSED) | Active comparator | Participants randomized to the backbone control will be given standard of care (supportive care for ARDS, including remdesivir and, if needed, lung protective ventilation). Because dexamethasone was shown to have benefit in at least one large randomized clinical trial, patients in the backbone control arm should receive dexamethasone for a total of 10 days during the hospitalization or until or hospital discharge.
Remdesivir (intravenous): 200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a daily maintenance dose of 100-mg on days 2 through 10.
Dexamethasone (intravenous): 6 mg intravenous or oral dexamethasone once daily up to 10 days or equivalent for alternate corticosteroid if dexamethasone unavailable. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone |
| Imatinib + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects will be administered standard of care + 800 mg imatinib on Day 1 orally, in divided doses of 400 mg administered twice per day. 400 mg daily will be administered orally for the following 9 days or until discharge, whichever is sooner. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Imatinib Mesylate; Drug: Dexamethasone |
| Cenicriviroc + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + cenicriviroc orally , loading 300 mg qAM followed by 150 mg qPM, 12 hours apart on day 1, then 150 mg BID for total of 14 to 28 days depending on date of hospital discharge. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Cenicriviroc |
| Icatibant + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + icatibant subcutaneously, a safety run-in for the first 10 subjects was conducted using a regimen of 30 mg q8h × 3 days. All subsequent subjects received drug at 30 mg q8h x 6 days. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Icatibant |
| Apremilast + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + apremilast orally , 30 mg bid × 14 days. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Apremilast |
| Dornase + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | For Non-intubated subjects: Subjects administered standard of care + dornase, 2.5 mg BID until hospital discharge, improvement to room air (or baseline oxygen use prior to illness) for 24 hours, or total of 14 days of study drug, whichever comes first.
For intubated subjects: Subjects administered standard of care + dornase, 5.0 mg BID in 10 mL normal saline until extubation or 14 days, whichever comes first. If intubated for less than 14 days, extubated subjects received 2.5 mg BID for a total Dornase treatment of 14 days, or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Biological: dornase alfa |
| Celecoxib/famotidine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + celecoxib/famotidine orally .
Celecoxib, oral: 400 mg BID for 7 days.
Famotidine, oral: High dose 80 mg QID for 7 days followed by 40 mg BID for a course of 14 days. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Celecoxib; Drug: Famotidine |
| IC14 + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + IC14 intravenously , 4 mg/kg on day 1, followed by 2 mg/kg on days 2, 3, 4 Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Biological: IC14 |
| Narsoplimab + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + narsoplimab dosed at 4 mg/kg, given as a 30-minute intravenous infusion (up to a maximum of 370 mg per infusion) twice weekly for a total of four weeks (i.e. 9 doses) or until hospital discharge whichever comes first. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Biological: narsoplimab |
| Aviptadil + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + aviptadil (inhalation via nebulizer), 100 µg three times (TID) daily for a maximum of 14 days Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Aviptadil |
| Cyproheptadine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + cyproheptadine via 4 mg tablet, with dosing regimen of 8 mg every 8 hours daily for ten (10) days. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Cyproheptadine |
| Cyclosporine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Subjects administered standard of care + modified cyclosporine at an oral dose of 5mg/kg per day administered in two divided doses daily for 5-days. Receives: Drug: Remdesivir; Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Cyclosporine |
| Imatinib (PENDING ACTIVATION) | Experimental | Subjects will be administered 800 mg on Day 1 orally, in divided doses of 400 mg administered twice per day. 400 mg daily will be administered orally for the following 9 days or until discharge, whichever is sooner. Receives: Drug: Imatinib Mesylate |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Identify agents that will result in substantial improvements to the clinical condition of participants with COVID-19.
Time to reach a durable COVID-19 level 4 or less or discharge at COVID-level 4 or lower (except for discharge to another hospital), and time to death (mortality).
Data will be analyzed for 3 groups:
- All
- COVID-19 level 6/7 (those intubated immediately)
- COVID-19 level 5 (high flow oxygen to start)
World Health Organization 9-point ordinal scale:
- No clinical or virologic evidence of infection
- Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities;
- Not hospitalized, limitation on activities;
- Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen;
- Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen (< 6L by nasal cannula or mask delivery system);
- Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices (≥6L per minute, mask or intranasal cannula);
- Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation;
- Hospitalized, ventilation plus additional organ support-pressors, RRT, ECMO
- Death.
Measured: Up to 28 days
Secondary outcomes (4)
Mortality
- Proportion of patients alive in the treatment and control arm at day 7, 14, 21, and 28 (The proportion of patients alive, i.e., alive and still at risk of both reaching level 4 and death is given by the survival function).
- The cumulative incidence function for mortality.
Measured: Up to 28 days
Improvement in disease severity
- Sustained recovery which is defined as time to discharge at COVID-level 4 or lower and not subsequently re-admitted to the hospital or die at Day 28 follow-up if discharged before 28 days, and Day 60 follow-up if discharged between 28 to 60 days.
- % of COVID-19 level 5 who never progress to COVID-19 level 6/7
The measure for recovery is defined as time to reach level 4 or less in the World Health Organization COVID-19 scale for at least 48 hours - without returning to high flow oxygen or intubation, or discharge at COVID level 4 or less except for discharge to another hospital. (0 being minimum and 8 being maximum)
Measured: Up to 60 days
Health care utilization
Ventilator-free days
Measured: Up to 28 days
Safety: Frequency of serious AEs
- Total grade 3 or higher AEs by arm and total number of patients with grade 3 or higher AEs by arm.
- Total grade 3 or higher AEs of special interest by arm and total number of patients with grade 3 or higher AEs of special interest by arms (based upon lab assessments)
All AEs will be identified and assessed for severity using the National Cancer Institute - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 which provides a grading scale for each AE listed.
Grade 1 Mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated.
Grade 2 Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL*.
Grade 3 Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling; limiting self care ADL**.
Grade 4 Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. Grade 5 Death related to AE.
Measured: Up to 60 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jul 2020
- Study start31 Jul 2020
- Primary completion31 Jul 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Jul 2030 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for COVID-19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Platform Trial, Bayesian Design, from 2 arms up to 8 arms
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,500 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- QuantumLeap Healthcare Collaborative
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, San Francisco, Emory University, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Colorado, Denver, University of Southern California, Yale University, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Georgetown University, University of California, Davis, Main Line Health, DHR Health Institute for Research and Development, University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan, West Virginia University, University of Miami, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Derek W Russell, MD, Principal investigator, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of MedicineKathleen D Liu, MD, Principal investigator, University of California, San FranciscoLaura Esserman, MD, Principal investigator, University of California, San Francisco
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04488081
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- I-SPY-COVID
- Acronym
- I-SPY_COVID
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Jul 2020
- Last updated
- 16 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: We will share data on a case by case basis with appropriate IRB review and review by our Data Safety Monitoring Comittee.
Publications
Files DC, Matthay MA, Calfee CS, Aggarwal NR, Asare AL, Beitler JR, Berger PA, Burnham EL, Cimino G, Coleman MH, Crippa A, Discacciati A, Gandotra S, Gibbs KW, Henderson PT, Ittner CAG, Jauregui A, Khan KT, Koff JL, Lang J, LaRose M, Levitt J, Lu R, McKeehan JD, Meyer NJ, Russell DW, Thomas KW, Eklund M, Esserman LJ, Liu KD; ISPY COVID Adaptive Platform Trial Network; undefined. I-SPY COVID adaptive platform trial for COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: rationale, design and operations. BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 6;12(6):e060664. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060664.
PubMed 35667714Auld SC, Youssef FA, Albertson TE, Beitler JR, Berger PA, Burnham EL, Cobb N, Friedman E, Gandotra S, Gibbs KW, Hayanga J, Hyzy R, Khan MMHS, Koff JL, Lee RA, Meyer NJ, Obermiller T, Quill C, Robinson P, Samavedam S, Wei KK, Wunderink RG, Russell DW, Eklund M, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Files DC, Liu KD, Esserman LJ. The Effects of Cyproheptadine on Severe COVID-19 From the I-SPY COVID Adaptive Platform Trial. CHEST Crit Care. 2025 Dec;3(4):100201. doi: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2025.100201. Epub 2025 Aug 6.
PubMed 42799508Mabrey FL, Martin TR, Calfee CS, Liu KD, LaCombe B, Brown-Swigart L, Discacciati A, Eklund M, Heckbert SR, Matthay MA, Esserman L, Wurfel MM. Anti-CD14 treatment in patients with severe COVID-19: Clinical and biological effects in a Phase 2 randomized open-label adaptive platform clinical trial. CHEST Crit Care. 2025 Mar;3(1):100117. doi: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100117. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
PubMed 40462830Pomponio R, Peterson RA, Owusu M, Slaughter S, Melgar S, Jolley SE, Burnham EL. Phosphatidylethanol measures in patients with severe COVID-19-associated respiratory failure identify a subset with alcohol misuse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2025 Jan;49(1):165-174. doi: 10.1111/acer.15495. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
PubMed 39592213I-SPY COVID Consortium. Report of the first seven agents in the I-SPY COVID trial: a phase 2, open label, adaptive platform randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Apr;58:101889. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101889. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
PubMed 36883141Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai KL, Tomlinson E, Khosravi Z, Popp M, Neidhardt M, Piechotta V, Salomon S, Valk SJ, Monsef I, Schmaderer C, Wood EM, So-Osman C, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Sep 2;9(9):CD013825. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013825.pub2.
PubMed 34473343
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- I-SPY COVID TRIAL: An Adaptive Platform Trial to Reduce Mortality and Ventilator Requirements for Critically Ill Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04488081
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- I-SPY_COVID / I-SPY-COVID
- Conditions
- COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19, severe disease, Platform Trial, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, SARS-COV-2, AHRF, Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 1,500 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- QuantumLeap Healthcare CollaborativeUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, San Francisco, Emory University, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Colorado, Denver, University of Southern California, Yale University, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Georgetown University, University of California, Davis, Main Line Health, DHR Health Institute for Research and Development, University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan, West Virginia University, University of Miami, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Study start
- 31 Jul 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jul 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2030 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Jul 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this project is to rapidly screen promising agents, in the setting of an adaptive platform trial, for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this phase 2 platform design, agents will be identified with a signal suggesting a big impact on reducing mortality and the need for, as well as duration, of mechanical ventilation.
Detailed description
This platform trial will provide access to repurposed and investigational agents for critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who have severe or life-threatening COVID-19. The main focus of this trial is a platform study for identifying effective agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Any critically ill patient with known or presumed COVID-19 will be automatically entered into the screening phase of the trial until SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed. Basic data will be assembled for each patient (such as ventilatory status and survival). If interested in the therapeutic portion of the trial, potential participants will be asked to sign a consent form describing the backbone treatment and the two specific investigational agent arms to which they may be randomized. The primary endpoints will be time to recover to a durable level 4 (or less) on the WHO COVID-19 ordinal scale for clinical improvement and time to mortality (death). For this trial, a durable level 4 is defined as at least 48 hours at COVID level 4 or less (nasal prongs oxygen) without returning to high flow oxygen or intubation. Acute care facility resource utilization will be automatically calculated (total length of stay in a critical care setting, days intubated, and survival). Any change in status, including intubation, extubation, death or discharge, will be recorded and verified by the attending physician.
Patients will be evaluated based on their initial status (ventilation at entry vs. high flow oxygen). Exploratory biomarkers will be evaluated over time (ARDS phenotypes and other proposed markers) to facilitate clinical learning. A maximum of two investigational arms may be open at a time. The anticipated accrual will be 50 patients per week. The maximum number of participants assigned to an arm without graduation will be 125 patients. Agents can be dropped for futility after enrollment of 40 patients. As the trial proceeds and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the COVID-19 illness emerges, expanded biomarker and data collection can be added as needed to further elucidate how agents are or are not working. The study design features comparison of investigational agent efficacy using a Bayesian design, which will allow the detection of strong efficacy signals with the fewest possible patients. Initially the control will be patients given current standard of care (supportive care for ARDS, including lung protective ventilation and remdesivir and dexamethasone as backbone therapy). As other treatments (for example, anticoagulation) become part of standard supportive care across sites, these will be added to the backbone therapy. If an agent meets the threshold for graduation the company leadership will be informed as will the FDA. The arm with the graduated agent will cease to enroll, allowing a new arm with a different investigational agent to be added.
Every trial participant will have blood collected at trial enrollment, day 3, and day 7 for pre-specified biomarker and DNA and RNA analysis. Additional biomarkers can be added as the trial proceeds. Patient outcomes will also be evaluated on the basis of whether patients are ventilated initially or not.
Observational Component:
Initially, all COVID-19 confirmed patients who started high-flow oxygen (WHO COVID-19 level 5; ≥6L oxygen by nasal prongs or mask) were entered in an Observational Component which collected data via extraction of medical records. Patients in this Observational Component also had their daily COVID status and drug administration form CRFs completed. An expanded Observational Study will replace the original Observational Component. The expanded observational study (Supplement 1) will collect blood sample(s) and clinical data from ARDS and AHRF patients (including COVID ARDS patients) to test the feasibility of quantifying a set of biomarkers that will allow each patient to be classified into either a hyper-inflammatory or hypo-inflammatory subtype in real time. If treatment of these critically ill ICU patients is to be guided by subtype classification, it is essential that the operational time for classification is as quick as possible.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 13
- Model description
- Platform Trial, Bayesian Design, from 2 arms up to 8 arms
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control/Backbone - Remdesivir and Dexamethasone (CLOSED) | Active comparator | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: DexamethasoneParticipants randomized to the backbone control will be given standard of care (supportive care for ARDS, including remdesivir and, if needed, lung protective ventilation). Because dexamethasone was shown to have benefit in at least one large randomized clinical trial, patients in the backbone control arm should receive dexamethasone for a total of 10 days during the hospitalization or until or hospital discharge. Remdesivir (intravenous): 200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a daily maintenance dose of 100-mg on days 2 through 10. Dexamethasone (intravenous): 6 mg intravenous or oral dexamethasone once daily up to 10 days or equivalent for alternate corticosteroid if dexamethasone unavailable. |
| Imatinib + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Imatinib Mesylate, Drug: DexamethasoneSubjects will be administered standard of care + 800 mg imatinib on Day 1 orally, in divided doses of 400 mg administered twice per day. 400 mg daily will be administered orally for the following 9 days or until discharge, whichever is sooner. |
| Cenicriviroc + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: CenicrivirocSubjects administered standard of care + cenicriviroc orally , loading 300 mg qAM followed by 150 mg qPM, 12 hours apart on day 1, then 150 mg BID for total of 14 to 28 days depending on date of hospital discharge. |
| Icatibant + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: IcatibantSubjects administered standard of care + icatibant subcutaneously, a safety run-in for the first 10 subjects was conducted using a regimen of 30 mg q8h × 3 days. All subsequent subjects received drug at 30 mg q8h x 6 days. |
| Apremilast + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: ApremilastSubjects administered standard of care + apremilast orally , 30 mg bid × 14 days. |
| Dornase + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Biological: dornase alfaFor Non-intubated subjects: Subjects administered standard of care + dornase, 2.5 mg BID until hospital discharge, improvement to room air (or baseline oxygen use prior to illness) for 24 hours, or total of 14 days of study drug, whichever comes first. For intubated subjects: Subjects administered standard of care + dornase, 5.0 mg BID in 10 mL normal saline until extubation or 14 days, whichever comes first. If intubated for less than 14 days, extubated subjects received 2.5 mg BID for a total Dornase treatment of 14 days, or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first. |
| Celecoxib/famotidine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: Celecoxib, Drug: FamotidineSubjects administered standard of care + celecoxib/famotidine orally . Celecoxib, oral: 400 mg BID for 7 days. Famotidine, oral: High dose 80 mg QID for 7 days followed by 40 mg BID for a course of 14 days. |
| IC14 + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Biological: IC14Subjects administered standard of care + IC14 intravenously , 4 mg/kg on day 1, followed by 2 mg/kg on days 2, 3, 4 |
| Narsoplimab + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Biological: narsoplimabSubjects administered standard of care + narsoplimab dosed at 4 mg/kg, given as a 30-minute intravenous infusion (up to a maximum of 370 mg per infusion) twice weekly for a total of four weeks (i.e. 9 doses) or until hospital discharge whichever comes first. |
| Aviptadil + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: AviptadilSubjects administered standard of care + aviptadil (inhalation via nebulizer), 100 µg three times (TID) daily for a maximum of 14 days |
| Cyproheptadine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: CyproheptadineSubjects administered standard of care + cyproheptadine via 4 mg tablet, with dosing regimen of 8 mg every 8 hours daily for ten (10) days. |
| Cyclosporine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) | Experimental | Drug: Remdesivir, Drug: Dexamethasone, Drug: CyclosporineSubjects administered standard of care + modified cyclosporine at an oral dose of 5mg/kg per day administered in two divided doses daily for 5-days. |
| Imatinib (PENDING ACTIVATION) | Experimental | Drug: Imatinib MesylateSubjects will be administered 800 mg on Day 1 orally, in divided doses of 400 mg administered twice per day. 400 mg daily will be administered orally for the following 9 days or until discharge, whichever is sooner. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for participation in this study:
- Male or Female, at least 18 years old
- Admitted to the hospital and placed on high flow oxygen (≥6L by nasal cannula or mask delivery system) or intubated for the treatment of (established or presumed) COVID-19.
- Informed consent provided by the patient, LAR or health care proxy.
- Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR or Rapid antigen testing for SARS- CoV-2 infection prior to randomization.
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women (must be documented by a pregnancy test during hospitalization)
- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to study agent based on review of the medical record and patient history.
- Comfort measures only.
- Acute liver disease, or chronic liver disease with a Child-Pugh score greater than 11.
- Resident for more than six months at a skilled nursing facility.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| RemdesivirAlso: GS-5734Participants who receive remdesivir as part of their standard of care will be administered remdesivir by IV for up to ten days. Remdesivir 200mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100mg IV once daily maintenance doses for 4 or 9 days. | Drug | Apremilast + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Aviptadil + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Celecoxib/famotidine + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Cenicriviroc + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Control/Backbone - Remdesivir and Dexamethasone (CLOSED), Cyclosporine + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Cyproheptadine + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Dornase + Standard of Care (CLOSED), IC14 + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Icatibant + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Imatinib + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Narsoplimab + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| Imatinib MesylateSubjects will be administered 800 mg on Day 1 orally, in divided doses of 400 mg administered twice per day. 400 mg daily will be administered orally for the following 9 days or until discharge, whichever is sooner. | Drug | Imatinib (PENDING ACTIVATION), Imatinib + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| Dexamethasone6 mg intravenous of oral dexamethasone once daily up to 10 days or equivalent for alternate corticosteroid if dexamethasone unavailable. | Drug | Apremilast + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Aviptadil + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Celecoxib/famotidine + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Cenicriviroc + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Control/Backbone - Remdesivir and Dexamethasone (CLOSED), Cyclosporine + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Cyproheptadine + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Dornase + Standard of Care (CLOSED), IC14 + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Icatibant + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Imatinib + Standard of Care (CLOSED), Narsoplimab + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| CenicrivirocOral, loading 300 mg qAM followed by 150 mg qPM, 12 hours apart on day 1, then 150 mg BID for total of 14 to 28 days depending on date of hospital discharge. | Drug | Cenicriviroc + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| IcatibantAlso: FirazyrSubcutaneous, a safety run-in for the first 10 subjects was conducted using a regimen of 30 mg q8h × 3 days. All subsequent subjects received drug at 30 mg q8h x 6 days. | Drug | Icatibant + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| ApremilastAlso: Otezlaoral, 30 mg bid × 14 days. | Drug | Apremilast + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| dornase alfaAlso: PulmozymeFor Non-intubated subjects: 2.5 mg BID until hospital discharge, improvement to room air (or baseline oxygen use prior to illness) for 24 hours, or total of 14 days of study drug, whichever comes first. For intubated subjects: 5.0 mg BID in 10 mL normal saline until extubation or 14 days, whichever comes first. If intubated for less than 14 days, extubated subjects received 2.5 mg BID for a total Dornase treatment of 14 days, or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first. | Biological | Dornase + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| CelecoxibAlso: celebrexOral: 400 mg BID for 7 days. | Drug | Celecoxib/famotidine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| FamotidineAlso: PepcidOral: High dose 80 mg QID for 7 days followed by 40 mg BID for a course of 14 days. | Drug | Celecoxib/famotidine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| IC14intravenous, 4 mg/kg on day 1, followed by 2 mg/kg on days 2, 3, 4 | Biological | IC14 + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| AviptadilAlso: ZyesamiInhalation via nebulizer, 100 µg three times (TID) daily for a maximum of 14 days | Drug | Aviptadil + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| narsoplimabAlso: OMS721Dosed at 4 mg/kg, given as a 30-minute intravenous infusion (up to a maximum of 370 mg per infusion) twice weekly for a total of four weeks (i.e. 9 doses) or until hospital discharge whichever comes first. | Biological | Narsoplimab + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| CyproheptadineAlso: periactin4 mg tablet, with dosing regimen of 8 mg every 8 hours daily for ten (10) days. If the patient weighs less than 48 kg, the regimen is 6 mg every 8 hours daily for ten (10) days. If the participant was discharged before completion of this dosing regimen the drug was not continued. | Drug | Cyproheptadine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
| CyclosporineAlso: CsAModified CsA at an oral dose of 5mg/kg per day administered in two divided doses daily for 5-days. | Drug | Cyclosporine + Standard of Care (CLOSED) |
Primary outcome
Identify agents that will result in substantial improvements to the clinical condition of participants with COVID-19.
Time frame: Up to 28 days
Time to reach a durable COVID-19 level 4 or less or discharge at COVID-level 4 or lower (except for discharge to another hospital), and time to death (mortality). Data will be analyzed for 3 groups: * All * COVID-19 level 6/7 (those intubated immediately) * COVID-19 level 5 (high flow oxygen to start) World Health Organization 9-point ordinal scale: 0. No clinical or virologic evidence of infection 1. Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities; 2. Not hospitalized, limitation on activities; 3. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; 4. Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen (< 6L by nasal cannula or mask delivery system); 5. Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices (≥6L per minute, mask or intranasal cannula); 6. Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation; 7. Hospitalized, ventilation plus additional organ support-pressors, RRT, ECMO 8. Death.
4 secondary outcomes
Mortality
Time frame: Up to 28 days
Improvement in disease severity
Time frame: Up to 60 days
Health care utilization
Time frame: Up to 28 days
Safety: Frequency of serious AEs
Time frame: Up to 60 days
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35667714Files DC, Matthay MA, Calfee CS, Aggarwal NR, Asare AL, Beitler JR, Berger PA, Burnham EL, Cimino G, Coleman MH, Crippa A, Discacciati A, Gandotra S, Gibbs KW, Henderson PT, Ittner CAG, Jauregui A, Khan KT, Koff JL, Lang J, LaRose M, Levitt J, Lu R, McKeehan JD, Meyer NJ, Russell DW, Thomas KW, Eklund M, Esserman LJ, Liu KD; ISPY COVID Adaptive Platform Trial Network; undefined. I-SPY COVID adaptive platform trial for COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: rationale, design and operations. BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 6;12(6):e060664. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060664.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42799508Auld SC, Youssef FA, Albertson TE, Beitler JR, Berger PA, Burnham EL, Cobb N, Friedman E, Gandotra S, Gibbs KW, Hayanga J, Hyzy R, Khan MMHS, Koff JL, Lee RA, Meyer NJ, Obermiller T, Quill C, Robinson P, Samavedam S, Wei KK, Wunderink RG, Russell DW, Eklund M, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Files DC, Liu KD, Esserman LJ. The Effects of Cyproheptadine on Severe COVID-19 From the I-SPY COVID Adaptive Platform Trial. CHEST Crit Care. 2025 Dec;3(4):100201. doi: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2025.100201. Epub 2025 Aug 6.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40462830Mabrey FL, Martin TR, Calfee CS, Liu KD, LaCombe B, Brown-Swigart L, Discacciati A, Eklund M, Heckbert SR, Matthay MA, Esserman L, Wurfel MM. Anti-CD14 treatment in patients with severe COVID-19: Clinical and biological effects in a Phase 2 randomized open-label adaptive platform clinical trial. CHEST Crit Care. 2025 Mar;3(1):100117. doi: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100117. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39592213Pomponio R, Peterson RA, Owusu M, Slaughter S, Melgar S, Jolley SE, Burnham EL. Phosphatidylethanol measures in patients with severe COVID-19-associated respiratory failure identify a subset with alcohol misuse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2025 Jan;49(1):165-174. doi: 10.1111/acer.15495. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36883141I-SPY COVID Consortium. Report of the first seven agents in the I-SPY COVID trial: a phase 2, open label, adaptive platform randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Apr;58:101889. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101889. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34473343Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai KL, Tomlinson E, Khosravi Z, Popp M, Neidhardt M, Piechotta V, Salomon S, Valk SJ, Monsef I, Schmaderer C, Wood EM, So-Osman C, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Sep 2;9(9):CD013825. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013825.pub2.
- Clinical trial design during and beyond the pandemic: the I-SPY COVID trial, 20Jan2022Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. We will share data on a case by case basis with appropriate IRB review and review by our Data Safety Monitoring Comittee.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Derek W Russell, MD principal investigator
University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine
Kathleen D Liu, MD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
Laura Esserman, MD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
36 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Remdesivir, Imatinib Mesylate and Dexamethasone in people with COVID-19, run by QuantumLeap Healthcare Collaborative at 36 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 36 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Identify agents that will result in substantial improvements to the clinical condition of participants with COVID-19. (time frame: Up to 28 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04488081, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Mar 2026.