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Atrophy of Muscle Due to DisuseMACNCT04151901

Sex-specific Determinants of Early-phase Recovery From Skeletal Muscle Disuse

A study testing Resistance Exercise Rehabilitation and Walking-based rehabilitation in people with Atrophy of Muscle Due to Disuse and Rehabilitation, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio at 2 sites in United States.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

This project is a 2-phase, randomized clinical trial that includes 7 days of unilateral leg disuse (Phase 1), immediately followed by 1 week of bilateral leg rehabilitation (Phase 2). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 50 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Resistance Exercise Rehabilitation and Walking-based rehabilitation
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
37 participants
Where
2 sitesUnited States
Study dates
27 Aug 2021to Dec 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 50 to 65 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • All races and ethnic backgrounds
  • Men and women, age 50-65 years
  • Generally healthy (see exclusion criteria)
  • Able and willing to provide informed consent
  • Ability to speak and read English
  • Post-menopausal women (no menses within the last 12 months)
  • Body mass index: 18.5-35 kg/m2 or BMI>35 if thigh adiposity does not impair muscle biopsy

Who cannot join

  • Compromised musculoskeletal function that precludes safe participation or use of crutches
  • Pre-menopausal women
  • Hypogonadal men (testosterone <300 ng/dL)
  • Women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
  • Sarcopenia (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, EWGSOP102)
  • Clinically significant heart disease (e.g. New York Heart Classification greater than grade II; ischemia)
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  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • History of claudication
  • Pulmonary disease
  • History of systemic or pulmonary embolus
  • Uncontrolled blood pressure (systolic BP>170, diastolic BP>95 mmHg)
  • Impaired renal function (creatinine >1.5 mg/dl)
  • Anemia (hematocrit <33)
  • Untreated thyroid disease (abnormal TSH)
  • A recent history (<12 months) of GI bleed
  • Diabetes mellitus or other untreated endocrine or metabolic disease
  • Electrolyte abnormalities
  • Any history of stroke, hypo- or hyper-coagulation disorders
  • Employment requiring long (>1 h) uninterrupted period of standing
  • Inability to meet study travel requirements (e.g. manual geared car)
  • Recent history of balance issues or falls.
  • Recent (3 years) treated cancer other than basal cell carcinoma
  • Systemic steroids, anabolic steroids, growth hormone or immunosuppressant use within 12 months
  • Recent (2 months) adherence to a weight-loss or weight-gain diet
  • Weight change of 5% or more in previous 6 months
  • Body mass index >30 or excess body fat that compromises muscle biopsy collection
  • Acute infectious disease or chronic infection
  • Alcohol or drug abuse
  • Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by study physician

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

United States2 sites
  • University of Texas Medical Branch

    Galveston, Texas, 77555

  • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

    San Antonio, Texas, 78229

Other trials in United States

About this study

This project is a 2-phase, randomized clinical trial that includes 7 days of unilateral leg disuse (Phase 1), immediately followed by 1 week of bilateral leg rehabilitation (Phase 2). The investigators will recruit cohorts of healthy middle-aged men and women to address their aims:

  • Demonstrate the sex-specific effects of skeletal muscle disuse (Phase 1)
  • Identify key molecular determinates of susceptibility of skeletal muscle atrophy (Phase 1)
  • Map the early, sex-specific molecular time-course of rehabilitation (Phase 2)
  • Determine if disused and healthy muscle respond similarly to exercise (Phase 2)
Read more

Healthy, middle-age men and post-menopausal women (50-65 years) will be recruited from the greater Houston/Galveston area. This under-represented research demographic demonstrate few negative metabolic or phenotypic signs of advanced age, but are at increased risk of being hospitalized and experiencing accelerated loss of lean mass and muscle function that parallels a much older population.

The goal of this study is to characterize phenotypic and molecular skeletal muscle changes in middle-aged men and women during critical periods of disuse and rehabilitation and ultimately direct the development of targeted and effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Read the detailed description

The negative health consequences of muscular disuse in aging populations are unequivocal. While descriptive, outcome data on disuse and recovery are abundant, key knowledge gaps limit researcher's ability to implement evidence-based, rehabilitation strategies. Limiters include: i) an inability to identify individuals most susceptible to disuse, ii) insufficient information to differentiate between, and respond to, disuse atrophy in men and women, iii) limited insight into the mechanisms driving adaptation to early rehabilitative exercise, and iv) the assumption that disused and healthy skeletal muscle will have a similar, positive response to resistance exercise. The investigators will complete a 2-phase, randomized clinical trial. The protocol includes 7-days of unilateral leg disuse (ULD; Phase 1), immediately followed by 1 week of bilateral leg rehabilitation (Phase 2). Healthy, middle-aged men (n=40) and (post-menopausal) women (n=40), (50-65 y) will be recruited; a neglected research demographic who present with a largely youthful phenotype, but are at risk of accelerated disuse atrophy.

This project will provide a highly powered, detailed phenotypic characterization of the continuum of adults most and least susceptible to muscular disuse. Clinical outcomes will be supported by RNA deep sequencing and pathway analysis to establish a platform that: i) improves scientists' ability to identify higher-risk individuals and ii) provides insight into time-sensitive, sex-specific and effective rehabilitation strategies. Findings and reposed molecular data from this study, may help identify future therapeutic targets and serve as an uncomplicated/comorbidity-free baseline for clinical trials in populations experiencing disuse atrophy.

Being tested
Resistance Exercise Rehabilitation, Walking-based rehabilitation
Medical subject headings
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Resistance Exercise RehabilitationOther

    Following disuse, the REHAB groups (M-REHAB, F-REHAB) will complete monitored resistance exercise rehabilitation sessions using an isokinetic dynamometer at a similar relative load at each rehab visit.

  • Walking-based rehabilitationOther

    Following disuse, the CON groups (M-CON, F-CON) will complete 30 minutes of monitored walking at a moderate intensity at each rehab visit.

Study groups in NCT04151901
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Male Rehabilitation (M-REHAB)ExperimentalDisuse + resistance exercise rehabilitation
Receives: Other: Resistance Exercise Rehabilitation
Male Control (M-CON)ExperimentalDisuse + ambulatory control rehabilitation
Receives: Other: Walking-based rehabilitation
Female Rehabilitation (F-REHAB)ExperimentalDisuse + resistance exercise rehabilitation
Receives: Other: Resistance Exercise Rehabilitation
Female Control (F-CON)ExperimentalDisuse + ambulatory control rehabilitation
Receives: Other: Walking-based rehabilitation

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Quantitative RNA-sequencing

    RNA deep sequence analysis on muscle tissue taken from a muscle biopsy to measure transcriptome

    Measured: Study day 1 (before starting leg disuse)

  2. Quantitative RNA-sequencing

    RNA deep sequence analysis on muscle tissue taken from a muscle biopsy to measure transcriptome

    Measured: Study day 7 (after finishing leg disuse)

  3. Quantitative RNA-sequencing

    RNA deep sequence analysis on muscle tissue taken from a muscle biopsy to measure transcriptome

    Measured: Study day 7 (after 1 bout of rehabilitation)

  4. Quantitative RNA-sequencing

    RNA deep sequence analysis on muscle tissue taken from a muscle biopsy to measure transcriptome

    Measured: Study day 9 (after 2 bouts of rehabilitation)

  5. Quantitative RNA-sequencing

    RNA deep sequence analysis on muscle tissue taken from a muscle biopsy to measure transcriptome

    Measured: Study Day 11 (after 3 bouts of rehabilitation)

  6. Quantitative RNA-sequencing

    RNA deep sequence analysis on muscle tissue taken from a muscle biopsy to measure transcriptome

    Measured: Study Day 21 (after finishing 7 bouts of rehabilitation)

  7. Muscle function

    Each leg will be individually tested on an isokinetic dynamometer to determine muscle strength (peak torque)

    Measured: Study day 1 (before starting leg disuse)

  8. Muscle function

    Each leg will be individually tested on an isokinetic dynamometer to determine muscle strength (peak torque)

    Measured: Study day 7 (after 1 bout of rehabilitation)

  9. Muscle function

    Each leg will be individually tested on an isokinetic dynamometer to determine muscle strength (peak torque)

    Measured: Study day 9 (after 2 bouts of rehabilitation)

  10. Muscle function

    Each leg will be individually tested on an isokinetic dynamometer to determine muscle strength (peak torque)

    Measured: Study Day 11 (after 3 bouts of rehabilitation)

  11. Muscle function

    Each leg will be individually tested on an isokinetic dynamometer to determine muscle strength (peak torque)

    Measured: Study Day 21 (after finishing 7 bouts of rehabilitation)

  12. Body (leg) composition

    Leg lean mass will be assessed via segmental dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Study day 1 (before starting leg disuse)

  13. Body (leg) composition

    Leg lean mass will be assessed via segmental dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Study day 7 (after finishing leg disuse)

  14. Body (leg) composition

    Leg lean mass will be assessed via segmental dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Study day 9 (after 2 bouts of rehabilitation)

  15. Body (leg) composition

    Leg lean mass will be assessed via segmental dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Study Day 11 (after 3 bouts of rehabilitation)

  16. Body (leg) composition

    Leg lean mass will be assessed via segmental dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Study Day 21 (after finishing 7 bouts of rehabilitation)

Secondary outcomes (15)
  1. Muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Measured: Study day 1 (before starting leg disuse)

  2. Muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Measured: Study day 7 (after finishing leg disuse)

  3. Muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Measured: Study day 9 (after 2 bouts of rehabilitation)

  4. Muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Measured: Study Day 11 (after 3 bouts of rehabilitation)

  5. Muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber cross sectional area

    Measured: Study Day 21 (after finishing 7 bouts of rehabilitation)

  6. Muscle fiber type

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber type distribution

    Measured: Study day 1 (before starting leg disuse)

  7. Muscle fiber type

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber type distribution

    Measured: Study day 7 (after finishing leg disuse)

  8. Muscle fiber type

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber type distribution

    Measured: Study day 9 (after 2 bouts of rehabilitation)

  9. Muscle fiber type

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber type distribution

    Measured: Study Day 11 (after 3 bouts of rehabilitation)

  10. Muscle fiber type

    Muscle biopsy samples will be evaluated for muscle fiber type distribution

    Measured: Study Day 21 (after finishing 7 bouts of rehabilitation)

  11. Diet recall

    A multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall using the Automated Self Assessment 24-h dietary assessment tool to determine habitual food intake

    Measured: Familiarization session (~1 week before starting leg disuse)

  12. Diet recall

    A multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall using the Automated Self Assessment 24-h dietary assessment tool to determine habitual food intake

    Measured: Study day 11 (after two bouts of rehabilitation)

  13. Physical activity

    Accelerometers will placed on the waist and ankle to measure physical activity

    Measured: Study Days -7 to Day 0 (1 week prior to starting leg disuse)

  14. Physical activity

    Accelerometers will placed on the waist and ankle to measure physical activity

    Measured: Study Days 1-6 (1 week of disuse)

  15. Physical activity

    Accelerometers will placed on the waist and ankle to measure physical activity

    Measured: Study Days 7-21 (2 weeks of rehabilitation)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted5 Nov 2019
  2. Study start27 Aug 2021
  3. Primary completion31 Mar 2026
  4. Study completionDec 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Factorial
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
37 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04151901
Sponsor's protocol ID
HSC20230594H
Other IDs
R01AG064386
Acronym
MAC
Status last verified
Jun 2026
First submitted
9 Oct 2019
Last updated
4 Jun 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: All collected de-identified Individual Participant Data (IPD) that underlie results in a publication. Biological samples will not be available to other/outside investigators, but may be used by the research team for future related assays and experiments.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Resistance Exercise Rehabilitation and Walking-based rehabilitation in people with Atrophy of Muscle Due to Disuse and Rehabilitation, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio at 2 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 29 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Quantitative RNA-sequencing (time frame: Study day 1 (before starting leg disuse)). The study lists 16 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Jun 2026.

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