AnxietyPARTNERNCT01844492
Improving Patient and Family Centered Care in Advanced Critical Illness
A study testing The PARTNER Intervention in people with Anxiety and Depression, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
One in five deaths in the U.S. occurs in or shortly after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU), typically following decisions made by surrogate decision makers to forego life prolonging treatment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Anxiety, Depression
- What is being tested?
- The PARTNER Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,420 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 23 Jul 2012to 18 Feb 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 18 years of age or older
- Surrogate decision maker for ICU patient in one of 5 UPMC ICU's
Who cannot join
- Non-English Speaking
- Surrogate's loved one is for organ transplantation
- Not physically able to participate in family meeting
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Pittsburgh Medical Centers
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
About this study
One in five deaths in the U.S. occurs in or shortly after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU), typically following decisions made by surrogate decision makers to forego life prolonging treatment. A large body of empirical research has identified deficiencies in care processes that contribute to three important problems: 1) family members often experience poor quality communication with ICU clinicians, leading to lasting psychological distress associated with the ICU experience; 2) patients near the end of life frequently receive invasive, expensive treatment that is inconsistent with their values and preferences, and 3) end-of-life care is a major contributor to health care costs.[8, 9] Although advance care planning can prevent some unwanted treatment, many patients wish for a trial of intensive treatment when the prognosis is uncertain, and therefore it seems likely that the need for interventions to improve "in-the-moment" decisions by surrogates will persist.[10, 11]
In a pilot project, the investigators developed the PARTNER intervention (PAiring Re-engineered ICU Teams with Nurse-driven Emotional Support and Relationship-building), an interdisciplinary intervention that 1) gives new responsibilities and advanced communication skills training to existing ICU staff (local nurse leaders and social work members of the ICU team); 2) changes care "defaults" to ensure frequent clinician-family meetings; and 3) adds protocolized, nurse-administered coaching and emotional support of surrogates before and during clinician-family meetings. The objective of this proposal is to conduct a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial testing the PARTNER intervention in 5 ICUs among 1000 patients with advanced critical illness and their surrogates.
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Depression
- Being tested
- The PARTNER Intervention, ICU Usual Care Control
- Keywords
- decision making for incapacitated patients, intensive care, surrogate decision making, patient centered care, Palliative Care, End of Life, Quality of Communication
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Death
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
The PARTNER InterventionBehavioural
The PARTNER intervention (PAiring Re-engineered ICU Teams with Nurse-driven Emotional Support and Relationship-building) consists of: 1) institution of a clinical pathway for family support overseen by ICU staff nurses; 2) advanced communication skills training for ICU staff nurses; 3) a multifaceted strategy to support implementation of the clinical pathway for family support.
ICU Usual Care ControlOther
The control group will receive usual care, in which the frequency and content of clinician-family communication is determined by the clinical team according to their usual practice. No study ICU has a protocolized approach to family communication and instead clinicians determine the timing and frequency of communication with families. All sites have palliative care services.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ICU Usual Care Control | Active comparator | described below Receives: Other: ICU Usual Care Control |
| The PARTNER Intervention | Experimental | described below Receives: Behavioral: The PARTNER Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Symptom burden of anxiety and depression in family members in a telephone interview 6 months after enrollment using the validated 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).
Measured: At 6 months
Secondary outcomes (5)
Quality of Communication (QOC) scale
Quality of communication in family members in a telephone interview 6 months after enrollment using the validated19 item Quality of Communication Scale.
Measured: At 6 months
Patient-and Family Centeredness of Care Scale
Patient and Family -Centeredness of Care, using the 12-item Patient-Perceived Patient-Centeredness of Care Scale (PPPC) adapted for use by surrogates.
Measured: At 6 months
Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay
Intensive Care Unit length of stay as assessed by abstraction of this information from hospital administrative records.
Measured: Participants will be followed for duration of ICU stay, an expected average of 21 days.
Total Hospitalization costs
Total hospitalization costs by aggregating each patient's total service specific costs, generated from hospital administrative records. We will stratify this analysis by the patient's vital status at hospital discharge.
Measured: Duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks
Impact of Events Scale of Care Scale
We will assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress in family members in a telephone interview 6 months after enrollment using the validated 22 item Impact of Events Scale.
Measured: At 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 May 2013 (estimated)
- Study start23 Jul 2012
- Primary completion18 Feb 2016
- Study completion18 Feb 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PittsburghThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Sample size listed is for patients (n=1420), for whom 809 surrogates completed long-term follow-up
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 1,420 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pittsburgh
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Douglas White, University of Pittsburgh
- Investigators
- Douglas B. White, MD,MAS, Principal investigator, University of Pittsburgh
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01844492
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PRO13020304
- Acronym
- PARTNER
- Status last verified
- Mar 2018
- First submitted
- 19 Apr 2013
- Last updated
- 20 Mar 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Angus DC, Barnato AE, Linde-Zwirble WT, Weissfeld LA, Watson RS, Rickert T, Rubenfeld GD; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ICU End-Of-Life Peer Group. Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: an epidemiologic study. Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar;32(3):638-43. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000114816.62331.08.
PubMed 15090940Prendergast TJ, Claessens MT, Luce JM. A national survey of end-of-life care for critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Oct;158(4):1163-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.4.9801108.
PubMed 9769276Azoulay E, Pochard F, Kentish-Barnes N, Chevret S, Aboab J, Adrie C, Annane D, Bleichner G, Bollaert PE, Darmon M, Fassier T, Galliot R, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Goulenok C, Goldgran-Toledano D, Hayon J, Jourdain M, Kaidomar M, Laplace C, Larche J, Liotier J, Papazian L, Poisson C, Reignier J, Saidi F, Schlemmer B; FAMIREA Study Group. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 May 1;171(9):987-94. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200409-1295OC. Epub 2005 Jan 21.
PubMed 15665319Wendler D, Rid A. Systematic review: the effect on surrogates of making treatment decisions for others. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Mar 1;154(5):336-46. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00008.
PubMed 21357911Lynn J, Teno JM, Phillips RS, Wu AW, Desbiens N, Harrold J, Claessens MT, Wenger N, Kreling B, Connors AF Jr. Perceptions by family members of the dying experience of older and seriously ill patients. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Ann Intern Med. 1997 Jan 15;126(2):97-106. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00001.
PubMed 9005760Murphy DJ, Burrows D, Santilli S, Kemp AW, Tenner S, Kreling B, Teno J. The influence of the probability of survival on patients' preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med. 1994 Feb 24;330(8):545-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199402243300807.
PubMed 8302322Weeks JC, Cook EF, O'Day SJ, Peterson LM, Wenger N, Reding D, Harrell FE, Kussin P, Dawson NV, Connors AF Jr, Lynn J, Phillips RS. Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA. 1998 Jun 3;279(21):1709-14. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.21.1709.
PubMed 9624023Riley GF, Lubitz JD. Long-term trends in Medicare payments in the last year of life. Health Serv Res. 2010 Apr;45(2):565-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01082.x. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
PubMed 20148984Hogan C, Lunney J, Gabel J, Lynn J. Medicare beneficiaries' costs of care in the last year of life. Health Aff (Millwood). 2001 Jul-Aug;20(4):188-95. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.20.4.188.
PubMed 11463076Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR, Allore H. Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 4;346(14):1061-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa012528.
PubMed 11932474Sudore RL, Fried TR. Redefining the "planning" in advance care planning: preparing for end-of-life decision making. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Aug 17;153(4):256-61. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00008.
PubMed 20713793Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, Dugan DO, Blustein J, Cranford R, Briggs KB, Komatsu GI, Goodman-Crews P, Cohn F, Young EW. Effect of ethics consultations on nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments in the intensive care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003 Sep 3;290(9):1166-72. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.9.1166.
PubMed 12952998Lautrette A, Darmon M, Megarbane B, Joly LM, Chevret S, Adrie C, Barnoud D, Bleichner G, Bruel C, Choukroun G, Curtis JR, Fieux F, Galliot R, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Georges H, Goldgran-Toledano D, Jourdain M, Loubert G, Reignier J, Saidi F, Souweine B, Vincent F, Barnes NK, Pochard F, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E. A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 1;356(5):469-78. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa063446.
PubMed 17267907Andersen SK, Chang CH, Arnold RM, Pidro C, Darby JM, Angus DC, White DB; Pairing Re-engineered Intensive Care Teams with Nurse-driven Emotional Support, Relationship building (PARTNER) Investigators. Impact of a family support intervention on hospitalization costs and hospital readmissions among ICU patients at high risk of death or severe functional impairment. Ann Intensive Care. 2024 Jul 2;14(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s13613-024-01344-9.
PubMed 38954149White DB, Angus DC, Shields AM, Buddadhumaruk P, Pidro C, Paner C, Chaitin E, Chang CH, Pike F, Weissfeld L, Kahn JM, Darby JM, Kowinsky A, Martin S, Arnold RM; PARTNER Investigators. A Randomized Trial of a Family-Support Intervention in Intensive Care Units. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 21;378(25):2365-2375. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802637. Epub 2018 May 23.
PubMed 29791247
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Mar 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Improving Patient and Family Centered Care in Advanced Critical Illness
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01844492
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PARTNER / PRO13020304
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Depression
- Keywords
- decision making for incapacitated patients, intensive care, surrogate decision making, patient centered care, Palliative Care, End of Life, Quality of Communication
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,420 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PittsburghUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Jul 2012 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Feb 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Feb 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 May 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
One in five deaths in the U.S. occurs in or shortly after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU), typically following decisions made by surrogate decision makers to forego life prolonging treatment. A large body of empirical research has identified deficiencies in care processes that contribute to three important problems: 1) family members often experience poor quality communication with ICU clinicians, leading to lasting psychological distress associated with the ICU experience; 2) patients near the end of life frequently receive invasive, expensive treatment that is inconsistent with their values and preferences, and 3) end-of-life care is a major contributor to health care costs.[8, 9] Although advance care planning can prevent some unwanted treatment, many patients wish for a trial of intensive treatment when the prognosis is uncertain, and therefore it seems likely that the need for interventions to improve "in-the-moment" decisions by surrogates will persist.[10, 11]
In a pilot project, the investigators developed the PARTNER intervention (PAiring Re-engineered ICU Teams with Nurse-driven Emotional Support and Relationship-building), an interdisciplinary intervention that 1) gives new responsibilities and advanced communication skills training to existing ICU staff (local nurse leaders and social work members of the ICU team); 2) changes care "defaults" to ensure frequent clinician-family meetings; and 3) adds protocolized, nurse-administered coaching and emotional support of surrogates before and during clinician-family meetings. The objective of this proposal is to conduct a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial testing the PARTNER intervention in 5 ICUs among 1000 patients with advanced critical illness and their surrogates.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Sample size listed is for patients (n=1420), for whom 809 surrogates completed long-term follow-up
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ICU Usual Care Control | Active comparator | Other: ICU Usual Care Controldescribed below |
| The PARTNER Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: The PARTNER Interventiondescribed below |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- 18 years of age or older
- Surrogate decision maker for ICU patient in one of 5 UPMC ICU's
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Non-English Speaking
- Surrogate's loved one is for organ transplantation
- Not physically able to participate in family meeting
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| The PARTNER InterventionThe PARTNER intervention (PAiring Re-engineered ICU Teams with Nurse-driven Emotional Support and Relationship-building) consists of: 1) institution of a clinical pathway for family support overseen by ICU staff nurses; 2) advanced communication skills training for ICU staff nurses; 3) a multifaceted strategy to support implementation of the clinical pathway for family support. | Behavioural | The PARTNER Intervention |
| ICU Usual Care ControlThe control group will receive usual care, in which the frequency and content of clinician-family communication is determined by the clinical team according to their usual practice. No study ICU has a protocolized approach to family communication and instead clinicians determine the timing and frequency of communication with families. All sites have palliative care services. | Other | ICU Usual Care Control |
Primary outcome
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Time frame: At 6 months
Symptom burden of anxiety and depression in family members in a telephone interview 6 months after enrollment using the validated 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).
5 secondary outcomes
Quality of Communication (QOC) scale
Time frame: At 6 months
Patient-and Family Centeredness of Care Scale
Time frame: At 6 months
Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay
Time frame: Participants will be followed for duration of ICU stay, an expected average of 21 days.
Total Hospitalization costs
Time frame: Duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 4 weeks
Impact of Events Scale of Care Scale
Time frame: At 6 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Mar 2018.
- Background: PubMed 15090940Angus DC, Barnato AE, Linde-Zwirble WT, Weissfeld LA, Watson RS, Rickert T, Rubenfeld GD; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ICU End-Of-Life Peer Group. Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: an epidemiologic study. Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar;32(3):638-43. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000114816.62331.08.
- Background: PubMed 9769276Prendergast TJ, Claessens MT, Luce JM. A national survey of end-of-life care for critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Oct;158(4):1163-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.4.9801108.
- Background: PubMed 15665319Azoulay E, Pochard F, Kentish-Barnes N, Chevret S, Aboab J, Adrie C, Annane D, Bleichner G, Bollaert PE, Darmon M, Fassier T, Galliot R, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Goulenok C, Goldgran-Toledano D, Hayon J, Jourdain M, Kaidomar M, Laplace C, Larche J, Liotier J, Papazian L, Poisson C, Reignier J, Saidi F, Schlemmer B; FAMIREA Study Group. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 May 1;171(9):987-94. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200409-1295OC. Epub 2005 Jan 21.
- Background: PubMed 21357911Wendler D, Rid A. Systematic review: the effect on surrogates of making treatment decisions for others. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Mar 1;154(5):336-46. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00008.
- Background: PubMed 9005760Lynn J, Teno JM, Phillips RS, Wu AW, Desbiens N, Harrold J, Claessens MT, Wenger N, Kreling B, Connors AF Jr. Perceptions by family members of the dying experience of older and seriously ill patients. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Ann Intern Med. 1997 Jan 15;126(2):97-106. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00001.
- Background: PubMed 8302322Murphy DJ, Burrows D, Santilli S, Kemp AW, Tenner S, Kreling B, Teno J. The influence of the probability of survival on patients' preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med. 1994 Feb 24;330(8):545-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199402243300807.
- Background: PubMed 9624023Weeks JC, Cook EF, O'Day SJ, Peterson LM, Wenger N, Reding D, Harrell FE, Kussin P, Dawson NV, Connors AF Jr, Lynn J, Phillips RS. Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA. 1998 Jun 3;279(21):1709-14. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.21.1709.
- Background: PubMed 20148984Riley GF, Lubitz JD. Long-term trends in Medicare payments in the last year of life. Health Serv Res. 2010 Apr;45(2):565-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01082.x. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
- Background: PubMed 11463076Hogan C, Lunney J, Gabel J, Lynn J. Medicare beneficiaries' costs of care in the last year of life. Health Aff (Millwood). 2001 Jul-Aug;20(4):188-95. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.20.4.188.
- Background: PubMed 11932474Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR, Allore H. Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 4;346(14):1061-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa012528.
- Background: PubMed 20713793Sudore RL, Fried TR. Redefining the "planning" in advance care planning: preparing for end-of-life decision making. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Aug 17;153(4):256-61. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00008.
- Background: PubMed 12952998Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, Dugan DO, Blustein J, Cranford R, Briggs KB, Komatsu GI, Goodman-Crews P, Cohn F, Young EW. Effect of ethics consultations on nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments in the intensive care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003 Sep 3;290(9):1166-72. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.9.1166.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Douglas B. White, MD,MAS principal investigator
University of Pittsburgh
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing The PARTNER Intervention in people with Anxiety and Depression, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Mar 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (time frame: At 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01844492, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Mar 2018; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.