Nursing Education ResearchHMD-VRNCT07881978
HMD-Based Virtual Reality Simulation in Nursing Skills Education
A study testing Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention in people with Nursing Education Research and Nursing Education, run by Giresun University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality simulation, an innovative educational technology in nursing education, on nursing students' skill performance, anxiety levels, satisfaction, and self-confidence during ice pack application. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Education Research, Nursing Education, Nursing Students
- What is being tested?
- Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Nov 2026to 15 Sep 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 years of age or older.
- Being a first-year undergraduate nursing student enrolled in the Fundamentals and Concepts of Nursing course.
- Having no previous theoretical or practical training or experience in ice pack application.
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent.
- Being willing to participate in the standardized theoretical education, demonstration, and assigned practical training sessions.
Who cannot join
- Being younger than 18 years of age.
- Having previously received theoretical or practical training in ice pack application.
- Declining to participate in the study or refusing to provide written informed consent.
- Not attending the standardized theoretical education or demonstration required before the intervention.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Giresun University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Fundamental of Nursing, Giresun, Turkey.
Giresun, Piraziz, 28340
Asuman Çobanoğlu, PhD, +9004543613788, asuman.cobanoglu@giresun.edu.tr
Tarık İçten, PhD
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Head-Mounted Display-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Simulation on Nursing Skill Acquisition: A Multi-Parameter Assessment of Ice Pack Application
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality simulation, an innovative educational technology in nursing education, on nursing students' skill performance, anxiety levels, satisfaction, and self-confidence during ice pack application.
Methods: This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. The study population will consist of undergraduate nursing students enrolled at a public university in northeastern Türkiye during the 2026-2027 academic year. Based on a statistical power analysis, a total of 90 nursing students will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 45) or the control group (n = 45). Students in the experimental group will perform ice pack application using an HMD-based interactive virtual reality simulation, whereas students in the control group will perform the same procedure using a low-fidelity training mannequin. Data will be collected using the Student Information Form, Ice Pack Application Skills Checklist, Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCLS), and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS version 25.0. Ethical approval (15.04.2026/07) institutional permission have been obtained. Both verbal and written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study.
Read the detailed description
This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality (VR) simulation in teaching ice pack application skills to undergraduate nursing students. The study aims to investigate whether immersive VR-based training provides educational benefits compared with conventional mannequin-based practical training.
The study will employ a prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled design. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either an HMD-based interactive VR simulation group or a conventional low-fidelity mannequin-based training group.
All participants will receive standardized theoretical instruction and an instructor-led demonstration of ice pack application before practical training. Students in the experimental group will individually practice the procedure using an interactive HMD-based VR simulation, which provides a virtual patient environment and allows active participation through hand-tracking technology. Students in the control group will practice the same procedure using a low-fidelity mannequin under standardized laboratory conditions. Both groups will receive equivalent practical training durations.
Following the educational interventions, participants in both groups will undergo a standardized practical skill assessment using the same mannequin-based evaluation procedure. The study will also examine students' anxiety, learning satisfaction, and self-confidence in relation to the educational approaches.
By comparing immersive VR simulation with conventional mannequin-based training, this study seeks to provide evidence regarding the educational value of interactive VR technologies in undergraduate nursing skills education.
- Conditions
- Nursing Education Research, Nursing Education, Nursing Students, Virtual Reality (VR) Technology
- Being tested
- Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention, Intervention 2 - Control Intervention
- Keywords
- nursing education, nursing student, virtual reality technology, simulation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intervention 1 - Experimental InterventionOther
An interactive educational intervention delivered through a head-mounted display-based virtual reality simulation designed to teach ice pack application skills. Participants will perform the procedure individually for 10 minutes in an immersive virtual environment. The system provides real-time hand movement tracking, interactive procedural guidance, and immediate feedback during the simulation.
Intervention 2 - Control InterventionOther
A conventional simulation-based educational intervention using a low-fidelity training mannequin to teach ice pack application skills. Participants will independently perform the procedure on the mannequin for 10 minutes, following the same standardized procedural steps taught to the experimental group.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HMD-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Training | Experimental | Participants assigned to the experimental group (n=45) will receive practical training in ice pack application using an HMD-based interactive virtual reality simulation. Following standardized theoretical education and demonstration, each participant will complete a 10-minute individual VR simulation session. The system enables interaction with a virtual patient, real-time hand movement recognition, step-by-step procedural guidance, and immediate feedback. Following the intervention, skill performance will be assessed using a standardized low-fidelity training mannequin. Receives: Other: Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention |
| Low-Fidelity Mannequin-Based Training | Active comparator | Participants assigned to the control group (n=45) will receive conventional practical training in ice pack application using a low-fidelity training mannequin. Following the same standardized theoretical education and demonstration provided to the experimental group, each participant will complete a 10-minute individual practical training session. Following the intervention, skill performance will be assessed using the same standardized low-fidelity training mannequin and assessment criteria used for the experimental group. Receives: Other: Intervention 2 - Control Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Ice Pack Application Skill Performance Score
Nursing students' ice pack application skills will be assessed using the 45-item Ice Pack Application Skills Checklist developed by the researchers based on the relevant nursing literature and reviewed by three experts in Fundamentals of Nursing. Each correctly performed procedural step will be scored as 1, while incorrectly performed or omitted steps will be scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating better skill performance. Participants in both groups will be evaluated using the same low-fidelity training mannequin under standardized laboratory conditions following the educational intervention.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention, during the standardized skill performance assessment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Oct 2026
- Study start2 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Sep 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nursing Education ResearchStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Giresun University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, AsumanCobanoglu, Giresun University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07881978
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GU-NUR-HMDVR-ICE-2026-01
- Acronym
- HMD-VR
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly shared to protect participant confidentiality and privacy. The data will be used exclusively by the research team for the purposes of the present study, in accordance with the approved research protocol and ethical requirements.