MetaverseMETA-ICRNCT07862179
Metaverse-based Versus Physical Infection Control Room of Errors in Nursing Students.
A study of Metaverse and Student Satisfaction, run by Çankırı Karatekin University.
Trial summary
This study will develop and evaluate a metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) for nursing students. A metaverse is an interactive, three-dimensional online environment. In META-ICR, students use a computer and mouse to explore a virtual patient room through an avatar. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 24 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Metaverse, Student Satisfaction, Infection Control
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 110 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 18 Dec 2026to 22 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 24 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Enrolled as a first-year undergraduate nursing student at Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, during the 2026-2027 academic year.
- Willing to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Participation in the pilot testing of the META-EKO educational program.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Development of the Metaverse-based Infection Control Room of Errors Education Program (META-ICR) and Comparison With a Physical Room of Errors: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Nursing Students' Infection Control Knowledge, Metaverse Perceptions, and Satisfaction.
This study will develop and evaluate a metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) for nursing students. A metaverse is an interactive, three-dimensional online environment. In META-ICR, students use a computer and mouse to explore a virtual patient room through an avatar. The study will compare this program with a physical patient room arranged with the same infection control situations. The study will include approximately 110 first-year nursing students at Çankırı Karatekin University in Türkiye. Students will be assigned by chance to either the META-ICR group or the physical room of errors group. Both groups will examine the same patient scenario and identify appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices. Topics will include hand hygiene, protective equipment, isolation precautions, handling of clean and contaminated materials, waste and linen management, and urinary drainage systems. Students in the META-ICR group will record their observations and care decisions through a web-based interface. Students in the physical room group will use paper forms. Both groups will receive feedback with the same educational content and participate in a 15-minute guided discussion after the activity. Activities will take place under similar supervision in university laboratory settings. The study will compare infection control knowledge, perceptions of the metaverse, and satisfaction with learning between the groups. Knowledge will be assessed before education, immediately after the educational session and guided discussion, and four weeks later to assess retention. Metaverse perceptions will be assessed before and immediately after education. Learning satisfaction will be assessed after education. All research questionnaires and knowledge tests will be completed on paper in both groups. The findings will help determine how an interactive virtual room compares with a physical room of errors for teaching infection control to nursing students.
Read the detailed description
Program development: The metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) was designed by the researcher using the browser-based Frame platform. Its learning objectives are to help nursing students distinguish appropriate from inappropriate infection control practices, explain their observations, and select appropriate care decisions. The environment contains a three-dimensional patient room with patient and nurse models, a bed, care materials, and clinical equipment. The scenario concerns a patient with an infected sacral pressure injury, a wound culture positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and contact precautions. A peripheral intravenous catheter and an indwelling urinary catheter are included in the scenario. The room contains both deliberately inappropriate practices and situations that should not be classified as errors without considering their context. Students are encouraged to base their judgments on the patient scenario and observable findings rather than assume that every object represents an error. Before implementation, experts in nursing fundamentals and infection control will review the scenario, represented practices, learning questions, and feedback for accuracy and alignment with the learning objectives. A pilot study with students who will not participate in the main trial will assess clarity of instructions, navigation, visibility of objects, functionality of links, usability, and completion time. The findings will guide revisions and determination of the standardized activity duration.
Educational approach and comparison: The study is designed to compare two ways of delivering the same room-of-errors learning activity. The physical comparison environment will reproduce the scenario and relevant infection control situations using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. Learning objectives, scenario information, response prompts, feedback content, and planned activity duration will be matched across the two groups. Participants will receive an orientation appropriate to their assigned environment.
- Conditions
- Metaverse, Student Satisfaction, Infection Control, Nursing Education
- Being tested
- Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR), Physical Infection Control Room of Errors Education
- Keywords
- nursing students, infection control, Metaverse-Based Application, metaverse, rrom of errors
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR)Other
A researcher-developed educational program delivered through the Frame platform using a computer and mouse. Following an orientation, students individually explore an avatar-based virtual patient room, examine appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices, and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions through linked web forms. Feedback is provided after responses. The activity is followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. The program is delivered under supervision in a university laboratory.
Physical Infection Control Room of Errors EducationOther
An educational activity conducted in a supervised university laboratory arranged as a physical patient room using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. Following an orientation, students individually examine appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions on paper. Feedback cards are provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. The patient scenario, learning objectives, infection control situations, feedback content, and planned activity duration match those of the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| META-ICR group | Experimental | Participants will complete the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) using a computer and mouse on the Frame platform in a supervised university laboratory. They will explore the virtual patient room through an avatar, examine infection control situations, and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions through a web-based interface. Feedback will be provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. Receives: Other: Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR) |
| Physical Room of Errors Group | Active comparator | Participants will complete an infection control room of errors activity in a supervised physical university laboratory using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. The patient scenario, infection control situations, learning objectives, and planned activity duration will match those of the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR). Participants will record observations, reasoning, and care decisions on paper. Feedback cards with the same educational content will be provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. Receives: Other: Physical Infection Control Room of Errors Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Infection control knowledge score immediately after education
Infection control knowledge will be assessed using a researcher-developed, 20-item multiple-choice test with five response options per item. Each correct answer receives 5 points; incorrect or unanswered items receive 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. The test will be administered on paper in both groups. Immediate post-education scores will be compared between groups, accounting for baseline knowledge scores.
Measured: Day 1: before the educational session (baseline) and immediately after the educational session and structured debriefing.
Infection control knowledge retention at four weeks
Knowledge retention will be assessed using the same researcher-developed, 20-item, five-option multiple-choice Infection Control Knowledge Test administered at baseline and immediately after education. Each correct answer receives 5 points; incorrect or unanswered items receive 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater retained knowledge. The test will be administered on paper in both groups without access to educational materials or feedback.
Measured: Four weeks after completion of the educational intervention (day 28, plus or minus 2 days).
Secondary outcomes (2)
Metaverse perception scale scores
Metaverse perceptions will be assessed using the 24-item Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students developed by Ozturk Yildirim and Karaman (2024). Items are rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The scale includes Education, Technology, Difficulties, and Lifestyle subscales. Overall and subscale mean scores range from 1 to 5. Difficulties items are reverse-coded when calculating that subscale, but not when calculating the overall mean. Higher Education, Technology, and Lifestyle scores indicate greater endorsement of those dimensions; higher reverse-coded Difficulties scores indicate fewer perceived difficulties. The overall score reflects mixed dimensions rather than uniformly positive perceptions. Paper forms will be used in both groups.
Measured: Day 1: before the educational session (baseline) and immediately after the educational session and structured debriefing.
Student satisfaction with learning
Student satisfaction will be assessed using the five-item Student Satisfaction subscale of the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale, developed by the National League for Nursing and adapted into Turkish by Karacay and Kaya (2017). Each item is rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Subscale sum scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the educational experience. The questionnaire will be administered on paper in both groups. Only the satisfaction subscale score will be used for this outcome.
Measured: Day 1: immediately after completion of the educational session and structured debriefing.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Oct 2026
- Study start18 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion25 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion22 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for MetaverseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial comparing the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) with a physical room of errors. Each participant will receive only the assigned educational intervention during the study. Both groups will complete baseline, immediate post-education, and four-week follow-up assessments.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Çankırı Karatekin University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gözde ÖZARAS ÖZ, Çankırı Karatekin University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07862179
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- META-ICR-2026-01
- Acronym
- META-ICR
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 8 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Development of the Metaverse-based Infection Control Room of Errors Education Program (META-ICR) and Comparison With a Physical Room of Errors: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Nursing Students' Infection Control Knowledge, Metaverse Perceptions, and Satisfaction.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07862179
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- META-ICR / META-ICR-2026-01
- Conditions
- Metaverse, Student Satisfaction, Infection Control, Nursing Education
- Keywords
- nursing students, infection control, Metaverse-Based Application, metaverse, rrom of errors
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Çankırı Karatekin UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 25 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 22 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will develop and evaluate a metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) for nursing students. A metaverse is an interactive, three-dimensional online environment. In META-ICR, students use a computer and mouse to explore a virtual patient room through an avatar. The study will compare this program with a physical patient room arranged with the same infection control situations. The study will include approximately 110 first-year nursing students at Çankırı Karatekin University in Türkiye. Students will be assigned by chance to either the META-ICR group or the physical room of errors group. Both groups will examine the same patient scenario and identify appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices. Topics will include hand hygiene, protective equipment, isolation precautions, handling of clean and contaminated materials, waste and linen management, and urinary drainage systems. Students in the META-ICR group will record their observations and care decisions through a web-based interface. Students in the physical room group will use paper forms. Both groups will receive feedback with the same educational content and participate in a 15-minute guided discussion after the activity. Activities will take place under similar supervision in university laboratory settings. The study will compare infection control knowledge, perceptions of the metaverse, and satisfaction with learning between the groups. Knowledge will be assessed before education, immediately after the educational session and guided discussion, and four weeks later to assess retention. Metaverse perceptions will be assessed before and immediately after education. Learning satisfaction will be assessed after education. All research questionnaires and knowledge tests will be completed on paper in both groups. The findings will help determine how an interactive virtual room compares with a physical room of errors for teaching infection control to nursing students.
Detailed description
Program development: The metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) was designed by the researcher using the browser-based Frame platform. Its learning objectives are to help nursing students distinguish appropriate from inappropriate infection control practices, explain their observations, and select appropriate care decisions. The environment contains a three-dimensional patient room with patient and nurse models, a bed, care materials, and clinical equipment. The scenario concerns a patient with an infected sacral pressure injury, a wound culture positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and contact precautions. A peripheral intravenous catheter and an indwelling urinary catheter are included in the scenario. The room contains both deliberately inappropriate practices and situations that should not be classified as errors without considering their context. Students are encouraged to base their judgments on the patient scenario and observable findings rather than assume that every object represents an error. Before implementation, experts in nursing fundamentals and infection control will review the scenario, represented practices, learning questions, and feedback for accuracy and alignment with the learning objectives. A pilot study with students who will not participate in the main trial will assess clarity of instructions, navigation, visibility of objects, functionality of links, usability, and completion time. The findings will guide revisions and determination of the standardized activity duration.
Educational approach and comparison: The study is designed to compare two ways of delivering the same room-of-errors learning activity. The physical comparison environment will reproduce the scenario and relevant infection control situations using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. Learning objectives, scenario information, response prompts, feedback content, and planned activity duration will be matched across the two groups. Participants will receive an orientation appropriate to their assigned environment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial comparing the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) with a physical room of errors. Each participant will receive only the assigned educational intervention during the study. Both groups will complete baseline, immediate post-education, and four-week follow-up assessments.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| META-ICR group | Experimental | Other: Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR)Participants will complete the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) using a computer and mouse on the Frame platform in a supervised university laboratory. They will explore the virtual patient room through an avatar, examine infection control situations, and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions through a web-based interface. Feedback will be provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. |
| Physical Room of Errors Group | Active comparator | Other: Physical Infection Control Room of Errors EducationParticipants will complete an infection control room of errors activity in a supervised physical university laboratory using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. The patient scenario, infection control situations, learning objectives, and planned activity duration will match those of the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR). Participants will record observations, reasoning, and care decisions on paper. Feedback cards with the same educational content will be provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 24 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Enrolled as a first-year undergraduate nursing student at Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, during the 2026-2027 academic year.
- Willing to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participation in the pilot testing of the META-EKO educational program.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Metaverse-based infection control room of errors education (META-ICR)A researcher-developed educational program delivered through the Frame platform using a computer and mouse. Following an orientation, students individually explore an avatar-based virtual patient room, examine appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices, and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions through linked web forms. Feedback is provided after responses. The activity is followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. The program is delivered under supervision in a university laboratory. | Other | META-ICR group |
| Physical Infection Control Room of Errors EducationAn educational activity conducted in a supervised university laboratory arranged as a physical patient room using a patient mannequin, bed, and care equipment. Following an orientation, students individually examine appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices and record observations, reasoning, and care decisions on paper. Feedback cards are provided after responses, followed by a 15-minute structured debriefing. The patient scenario, learning objectives, infection control situations, feedback content, and planned activity duration match those of the metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR). | Other | Physical Room of Errors Group |
Primary outcome
Infection control knowledge score immediately after education
Time frame: Day 1: before the educational session (baseline) and immediately after the educational session and structured debriefing.
Infection control knowledge will be assessed using a researcher-developed, 20-item multiple-choice test with five response options per item. Each correct answer receives 5 points; incorrect or unanswered items receive 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. The test will be administered on paper in both groups. Immediate post-education scores will be compared between groups, accounting for baseline knowledge scores.
Infection control knowledge retention at four weeks
Time frame: Four weeks after completion of the educational intervention (day 28, plus or minus 2 days).
Knowledge retention will be assessed using the same researcher-developed, 20-item, five-option multiple-choice Infection Control Knowledge Test administered at baseline and immediately after education. Each correct answer receives 5 points; incorrect or unanswered items receive 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater retained knowledge. The test will be administered on paper in both groups without access to educational materials or feedback.
2 secondary outcomes
Metaverse perception scale scores
Time frame: Day 1: before the educational session (baseline) and immediately after the educational session and structured debriefing.
Student satisfaction with learning
Time frame: Day 1: immediately after completion of the educational session and structured debriefing.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Oct 2026.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study of Metaverse and Student Satisfaction, run by Çankırı Karatekin University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact GÖZDE ÖZARAS ÖZ, PhD (05323495280, gozdeozarasoz@gmail.com.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Infection control knowledge score immediately after education (time frame: Day 1: before the educational session (baseline) and immediately after the educational session and structured debriefing.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Oct 2026.