CKD - Chronic Kidney DiseaseNutReCardNCT07851454
Walnuts for Cardiorenal Protection in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
A study testing Daily Walnut Consumption in people with CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Function, run by Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
To date, no rigorous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a protective effect of daily moderate walnut consumption on kidney function or chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in individuals with CKD. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 45 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease, Renal Function, Cardiovascular Biomarkers
- What is being tested?
- Daily Walnut Consumption
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 150 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 4 Aug 2026to Jun 2028
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 45 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Men and women with stable mild to moderate chronic kidney disease [CKD] (stage G3a-b (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30-<60mL/min/1.73 m²) and albuminuria stages A1-3 (UACR from < 30mg/g to ≥ 300 mg/g))
- 45-75 years old at screening
- Overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥25 and ≤40 kg/m²)
- Meet at least one of the following conditions:
- Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive agents (ii) Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL in men or ≤50 mg/dL in women, or use of lipid-modifying medication (iii) Prediabetes or type 2 diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards, or use of glucose-lowering medication.
Who cannot join
- Inability to give written informed consent
- CKD caused by polycystic kidney disease, chronic pyelonephritis, and renal dysplasia
- CKD on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients)
- Acute exacerbation of CKD, whether due to extrarenal causes (decompensated heart failure, infectious disease or sepsis, surgical intervention) or due to an outbreak of underlying glomerular or systemic renal pathology, with changes in treatment in the last 2 months.
- Nut allergy
- Alcoholism (>50 g/day) or drug abuse
Show all 9Show fewer
- Treatment with immunosuppressant drugs or cytotoxic agents
- Any other medical condition that interferes with the completion of the protocol (pregnancy/breastfeeding, history of inflammatory bowel disease, liver failure, cancer or active neoplasms, psychiatric problems)
- Institutionalization of the participant.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Spain1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Unit for Public Health and Nutritional Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Reus, Tarragona, 43201
Andrés Díaz López, PhD, +34 977759372, andres.diaz@urv.cat
Verónica Ruíz García, PhD, +34 677150430, vruiz.hj23.ics@gencat.cat
About this study
Official title: Impact of Walnut Consumption on Renal Function and Classical and Emerging Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: The NutReCard Study
To date, no rigorous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a protective effect of daily moderate walnut consumption on kidney function or chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in individuals with CKD.
Objective: To determine the effect of walnut supplementation (30 g/day of raw walnuts) within a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) based dietary counseling program, compared with the same MedDiet counseling program without walnut supplementation, on kidney function, CKD progression and regression, and classical and emerging cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with CKD. Secondary objectives focus on assessing whether regular walnut consumption as a healthy snack has a positive impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and intestinal dysbiosis, conditions intrinsically linked to CKD that play a pathophysiological role in promoting/exacerbating its progression and the development of comorbidities in this vulnerable group of subjects.
Read more
Methodology: A 6-month randomized controlled trial will be conducted in 150 men and women aged 45 to 75 years with stable mild to moderate CKD (stage G3a-b), overweight or obesity, and high cardiometabolic risk. The study will compare the effect of two interventions assessed at 3 and 6 months on the following outcomes:
- Primary outcomes: a) changes in kidney function assessed by the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate based on creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys); b) CKD progression; and c) CKD remission
- Secondary outcomes: a) urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR); b) mineral and bone metabolism parameters, c) anthropometry and body composition (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, DXA); d) bone mineral density (DXA); e) diet quality; f) physical activity; g) medication use; h) psychological well-being; i) quality of life; j) classic cardiovascular risk markers; k) iron status and hepatic function; l) inflammation, endothelial function, and oxidation markers; m) gut microbiota
- Being tested
- Daily Walnut Consumption
- Keywords
- Nuts, Walnut, Mediterranean diet, Kidney function, Chronic kidney disease, Inflammation, Intestinal dysbiosis
- Medical subject headings
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Inflammation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Daily Walnut ConsumptionOther
Participants in the intervention group will consume 30 g/day of raw walnuts for 6 months in addition to receiving a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based dietary counseling program.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Walnut Consumption | Experimental | Participants in the intervention group will consume 30 g/day of raw walnuts in addition to receiving a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based dietary counseling program. To ensure and facilitate adherence, participants will receive two educational leaflets: one providing practical guidance on following a MedDiet and another containing MedDiet-compatible recipes incorporating walnuts. They will also receive written guidance on optimizing phosphorus and potassium intake within a Mediterranean dietary pattern, including information on food sources, hidden additives, and cooking techniques that may reduce mineral content.
Walnuts will be provided free of charge and distributed at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Receives: Other: Daily Walnut Consumption |
| Control: MedDiet-based dietary counseling | No intervention | Participants in the control group will receive the same MedDiet-based dietary counseling without walnut supplementation. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline in renal function
Renal function will be estimated using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from serum creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin-C (eGFRcys), or both (eGFRcr-cys), applying the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 equation. Serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations will be obtained from routine biochemical analyses performed as part of the participants' standard clinical care at the hospital.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months, with renal function assessments conducted at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Progression
CKD progression will be assessed using eGFRcr-cys and defined as the first occurrence, during the 6-month intervention period, of any of the following criteria: (i) a decline in eGFRcr-cys of >2.5 mL/min/1.73 m² from baseline; (ii) a relative decline in eGFRcr-cys of >10% from baseline; or (iii) progression to a more advanced stage of kidney function impairment, defined as a transition from G3a to G3b or from G3b to G4 or higher.
Measured: CKD progression will be evaluated at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remission
CKD remission will be assessed using eGFRcr-cys and defined as the first occurrence, during the 6-month intervention period, of any of the following criteria: (i) an increase in eGFRcr-cys of >2.5 mL/min/1.73 m² from baseline; or (ii) improvement to a less advanced stage of kidney function impairment, defined as a transition from G3b to G3a or from G3a to G2 or lower.
Measured: CKD remission will be evaluated at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Secondary outcomes (24)
Change from baseline in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR, mg/g) will be calculated from urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations measured in first-morning urine samples collected during routine clinical follow-up at the hospital by qualified healthcare personnel, following standard collection and laboratory procedures.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period
Change from baseline in mineral and bone metabolism markers
Mineral and bone metabolism markers, including potassium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone, will be measured using standardized methods as part of routine fasting blood biochemical analyses.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in body weight
Body weight will be measured in kilograms (kg) by trained personnel using a calibrated scale, with participants lightly dressed and barefoot.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in waist circumference
Waist circumference will be measured in centimeters (cm) by trained personnel at the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest, using a non-stretchable anthropometric tape.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body weight and height will be used to calculate body mass index (BMI), expressed in kg/m².
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in body composition
Body composition will be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), including measures of general adiposity, such as total fat mass in grams and total body fat percentage, and regional adiposity, including trunk, leg, android, and gynoid fat mass in grams.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in bone mineral density
Bone mineral density will be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in diet quality
Diet will be assessed using a validated 143-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener score ranges from 0 to 14, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in physical activity
Physical activity will be assessed using the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire, which estimates energy expenditure in total leisure-time physical activity and according to intensity, including light, moderate, and vigorous activity. Physical activity will be expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs), with higher values indicating greater levels of physical activity.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in medication use affecting glomerular hemodynamics
Medication use will be assessed by administering a general questionnaire by trained personnel, and from the patient's medical history.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in severity of depressive symptoms
Severity of depressive symptoms will be evaluated using the self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is a validated and widely used tool, composed of nine items scored from 0 to 3 (max. 27), which correspond to the DSM-IV criteria and allow depression to be classified as minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe. Higher scores indicate greater severity of depressive symptoms.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in severity of anxiety symptoms
Severity of anxiety symptoms will be evaluated using the self-administered Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, a brief seven-item scale in which each item is scored from 0 to 3, with a total score from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater severity of anxiety symptoms.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in quality of life
Quality of life will be assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) questionnaire, a validated instrument for individuals with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease that includes the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and kidney disease-specific subscales: Symptoms and Problems, Effects of Kidney Disease, and Burden of Kidney Disease. Scores for each domain range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life and a lower perceived burden of disease.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in fasting glucose
Fasting blood glucose will be measured in mg/dL using standardized methods as part of routine fasting blood biochemical analyses.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin
Glycated Hemoglobin (%) will be measured using standardized methods as part of routine fasting blood biochemical analyses.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Changes from baseline in lipid profile
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-C, triglycerides and lipoprotein A will be measured in mg/dL, using standardized methods as part of routine fasting blood biochemical analyses.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) will be determined after 5 minutes of rest by trained personnel, in triplicate using a semi-automatic oscillometric blood pressure monitor. The participant will be seated and will use their non-dominant arm.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in iron status markers
Iron status markers (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin saturation), will be measured using standardized methods as part of routine fasting blood biochemical analyses.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in hepatic function markers
Hepatic function markers (AST, ALT, and GGT) will be measured using standardized methods as part of routine fasting blood biochemical analyses.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in lipoprotein profile (particle composition and size)
Lipoprotein profile, including VLDL, LDL, and HDL subfractions composition and size, will be analyzed in fasting blood samples stored at -80 °C in the Biobank using the Advanced Lipoprotein Profile Liposcale® test, based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in oxidative markers
Oxidative stress markers, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL-ox) and malondialdehyde (MDA), will be measured in fasting blood samples stored at -80 °C in the Biobank using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in inflammatory markers
Inflammatory markers, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and leptin, will be measured in fasting blood samples stored at -80 °C in the Biobank using a multiplex immunoassay.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in endothelial function markers
Endothelial function markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin) will be assessed in fasting blood samples stored at -80 °C in the Biobank using a multiplex immunoassay.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in gut microbiota composition
Gut microbiota composition will be assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing following DNA extraction, with subsequent taxonomic characterization of microbial diversity and functional potential using established bioinformatics pipelines. Participants will receive instructions and a collection kit for stool sample collection. Samples will be submitted frozen, processed, aliquoted, and stored at -80 °C in the Biobank until analysis.
Measured: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Oct 2026
- Study start4 Aug 2026
- Primary completionFeb 2028 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for CKD - Chronic Kidney DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 150 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07851454
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PI25/01680
- Acronym
- NutReCard
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 1 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Walnut Consumption on Renal Function and Classical and Emerging Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: The NutReCard Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07851454
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NutReCard / PI25/01680
- Keywords
- Nuts, Walnut, Mediterranean diet, Kidney function, Chronic kidney disease, Inflammation, Intestinal dysbiosis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 150 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Pere VirgiliUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 4 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Feb 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To date, no rigorous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a protective effect of daily moderate walnut consumption on kidney function or chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in individuals with CKD.
Objective: To determine the effect of walnut supplementation (30 g/day of raw walnuts) within a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) based dietary counseling program, compared with the same MedDiet counseling program without walnut supplementation, on kidney function, CKD progression and regression, and classical and emerging cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with CKD. Secondary objectives focus on assessing whether regular walnut consumption as a healthy snack has a positive impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and intestinal dysbiosis, conditions intrinsically linked to CKD that play a pathophysiological role in promoting/exacerbating its progression and the development of comorbidities in this vulnerable group of subjects.
Methodology: A 6-month randomized controlled trial will be conducted in 150 men and women aged 45 to 75 years with stable mild to moderate CKD (stage G3a-b), overweight or obesity, and high cardiometabolic risk. The study will compare the effect of two interventions assessed at 3 and 6 months on the following outcomes:
- Primary outcomes: a) changes in kidney function assessed by the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate based on creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys); b) CKD progression; and c) CKD remission
- Secondary outcomes: a) urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR); b) mineral and bone metabolism parameters, c) anthropometry and body composition (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, DXA); d) bone mineral density (DXA); e) diet quality; f) physical activity; g) medication use; h) psychological well-being; i) quality of life; j) classic cardiovascular risk markers; k) iron status and hepatic function; l) inflammation, endothelial function, and oxidation markers; m) gut microbiota
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Walnut Consumption | Experimental | Other: Daily Walnut ConsumptionParticipants in the intervention group will consume 30 g/day of raw walnuts in addition to receiving a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based dietary counseling program. To ensure and facilitate adherence, participants will receive two educational leaflets: one providing practical guidance on following a MedDiet and another containing MedDiet-compatible recipes incorporating walnuts. They will also receive written guidance on optimizing phosphorus and potassium intake within a Mediterranean dietary pattern, including information on food sources, hidden additives, and cooking techniques that may reduce mineral content. Walnuts will be provided free of charge and distributed at baseline and at each follow-up visit. |
| Control: MedDiet-based dietary counseling | No intervention | –Participants in the control group will receive the same MedDiet-based dietary counseling without walnut supplementation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 45 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Men and women with stable mild to moderate chronic kidney disease [CKD] (stage G3a-b (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30-<60mL/min/1.73 m²) and albuminuria stages A1-3 (UACR from < 30mg/g to ≥ 300 mg/g))
- 45-75 years old at screening
- Overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥25 and ≤40 kg/m²)
- Meet at least one of the following conditions:
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Inability to give written informed consent
- CKD caused by polycystic kidney disease, chronic pyelonephritis, and renal dysplasia
- CKD on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients)
- Acute exacerbation of CKD, whether due to extrarenal causes (decompensated heart failure, infectious disease or sepsis, surgical intervention) or due to an outbreak of underlying glomerular or systemic renal pathology, with changes in treatment in the last 2 months.
- Nut allergy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Walnut ConsumptionParticipants in the intervention group will consume 30 g/day of raw walnuts for 6 months in addition to receiving a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based dietary counseling program. | Other | Daily Walnut Consumption |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline in renal function
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months, with renal function assessments conducted at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Renal function will be estimated using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from serum creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin-C (eGFRcys), or both (eGFRcr-cys), applying the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 equation. Serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations will be obtained from routine biochemical analyses performed as part of the participants' standard clinical care at the hospital.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Progression
Time frame: CKD progression will be evaluated at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
CKD progression will be assessed using eGFRcr-cys and defined as the first occurrence, during the 6-month intervention period, of any of the following criteria: (i) a decline in eGFRcr-cys of >2.5 mL/min/1.73 m² from baseline; (ii) a relative decline in eGFRcr-cys of >10% from baseline; or (iii) progression to a more advanced stage of kidney function impairment, defined as a transition from G3a to G3b or from G3b to G4 or higher.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remission
Time frame: CKD remission will be evaluated at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
CKD remission will be assessed using eGFRcr-cys and defined as the first occurrence, during the 6-month intervention period, of any of the following criteria: (i) an increase in eGFRcr-cys of >2.5 mL/min/1.73 m² from baseline; or (ii) improvement to a less advanced stage of kidney function impairment, defined as a transition from G3b to G3a or from G3a to G2 or lower.
24 secondary outcomes
Change from baseline in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period
Change from baseline in mineral and bone metabolism markers
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in body weight
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in waist circumference
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in body composition
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in bone mineral density
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in diet quality
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in physical activity
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in medication use affecting glomerular hemodynamics
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in severity of depressive symptoms
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in severity of anxiety symptoms
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in quality of life
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in fasting glucose
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Changes from baseline in lipid profile
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in blood pressure
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow-up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in iron status markers
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in hepatic function markers
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in lipoprotein profile (particle composition and size)
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in oxidative markers
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in inflammatory markers
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in endothelial function markers
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Change from baseline in gut microbiota composition
Time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months. Measurements will be done at baseline, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Effects of Minimally vs. Ultra-Processed Diets on Potassium (K) Handling in CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease
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Prevalence of Gastric Motor Dysfunction and Upper GI Symptoms in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasias
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia, Cirrhosis
Active, not recruiting
Preventing Kidney Injury Using Carbon Dioxide as Contrast Medium in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Having Arterial Intervention
Peripheral Arterial Disease, Chronic Kidney Diseases
RecruitingPhase 2
Safety and Tolerability of Difelikefalin in Adolescents on Haemodialysis With Moderate-to-Severe Pruritus
Pruritus, Chronic Kidney Diseases
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Daily Walnut Consumption in people with CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Function, run by Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Andrés Díaz López, PhD (+34 977759372, andres.diaz@urv.cat), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline in renal function (time frame: Participants will be followed for 6 months, with renal function assessments conducted at baseline, at the 3-month follow up period, and at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Oct 2026.