ExperiencesNCT07839468
Patients´ Experiences of Calorimetry Measurements
An observational study of Experiences and Burn, run by Uppsala University Hospital at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
A severe burn injury affects not only the skin but also how the body uses energy. Many patients have increased energy needs during recovery, and healthcare professionals use a method called indirect calorimetry to measure the body's energy expenditure and help provide appropriate nutritional treatment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Experiences, Burn, Calorimetry, Indirect
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- Sep 2026to Jun 2029
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients post-burn admitted to the BurnCentre at Uppsala university hospital, 18 years or older, swedish/english speaking, with experience of at least one calorimetry measurement.
Who may be able to join
- Patients post-burn admitted to the BurnCentre at Uppsala university hospital
- 18 years or older
- Swedish/english speaking
- With experience of at least one calorimetry measurement during burn care post-trauma
Who cannot join
- Not fulfilling inclusion criteria
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Sweden1 site
Uppsala university hospital
Uppsala, 75185
Josefin Dimander, PhD, PhD, +46(0)186170489, josefin.dimander@uu.se
Anna Stenson Zerpe, PhD, +46(0)186119466, anna.zerpe@uu.se
About this study
A severe burn injury affects not only the skin but also how the body uses energy. Many patients have increased energy needs during recovery, and healthcare professionals use a method called indirect calorimetry to measure the body's energy expenditure and help provide appropriate nutritional treatment.
During the measurement, the patient rests comfortably while wearing a transparent canopy over the head for approximately 10 to 30 minutes. The equipment measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to estimate the body's energy needs.
Read more
Although indirect calorimetry is commonly used in burn care, little is known about how patients experience the procedure. The aim of this study is to explore patients' experiences of undergoing indirect calorimetry after a burn injury.
Participants will be interviewed about their experiences of the measurement. By analyzing these interviews, we hope to gain a better understanding of patients' perspectives and identify ways to improve information, preparation, comfort, and overall care related to the procedure. Ultimately, this may help make the assessment more comfortable for patients and support high-quality individualized nutritional treatment.
Read the detailed description
Severe burn injury affects the entire body, not only the skin. Profound alterations occur in metabolism, endocrine function, and immune responses, resulting in a hypermetabolic state. This condition is characterized by an increased energy expenditure that may persist for months or even years following injury. Adequate nutritional support is essential to promote wound healing, reduce the risk of infection, and preserve lean body mass. Both underfeeding and overfeeding may adversely affect recovery and clinical outcomes.
To enable safe and individualized nutritional management, measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry is recommended. During the assessment, the awake patient wears a transparent plastic canopy placed over the head. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are measured over a period of 10 to 30 minutes to estimate energy requirements. Accurate measurements require the patient to remain still, relaxed, and awake, while refraining from speaking, as physical activity, psychological stress, and other disturbances may influence the results.
Although indirect calorimetry is routinely used in burn care, relatively little is known about how patients experience the measurement procedure itself. Factors such as the hospital environment, pain, anxiety, restricted mobility, and the measurement may influence the patient's experience; however, these aspects have received limited scientific attention. Understanding the patient perspective is important, as discomfort or stress may negatively affect both the patient experience and the quality of the measurement.
The aim of this study is therefore to explore how individuals receiving care for burn injuries experience the assessment of resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry.
Data will be collected through semi-structured interviews. Eligible participants will be approached during their burn care admission and provided with both oral and written study information. Written informed consent will be obtained prior to participation. Consent forms and interview data will be stored securely and will be accessible only to the research team.
Interviews will be conducted within two weeks of the indirect calorimetry assessment, either in person at the burn unit or remotely via telephone or video call following hospital discharge. All interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview guide focuses on participants' experiences before, during, and after the indirect calorimetry measurement.
Data will be analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Interview transcripts will be read repeatedly to achieve immersion in the data and identify meaning units, which will be condensed, coded, and grouped into subcategories, categories, and overarching themes. Two researchers will independently code the interviews and discuss interpretations until consensus is reached. The analysis will involve an iterative process of moving between the original text, codes, categories, and emerging themes to develop a comprehensive understanding of participants' experiences. Findings will be reported with illustrative quotations to enhance transparency and trustworthiness.
Through qualitative content analysis of interview data, the study seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of patients' experiences, perceptions, and needs associated with indirect calorimetry. Increased knowledge in this area may contribute to improvements in clinical procedures, patient communication, and preparation before and during the assessment. Ultimately, the goal is to make the measurement process as safe, comfortable, and patient-centered as possible, thereby enhancing both the patient experience and the quality of the measurements used to guide individualised nutritional therapy.
- Conditions
- Experiences, Burn, Calorimetry, Indirect
- Keywords
- Experiences, Burn, Calorimetry, indirect
- Medical subject headings
- Burns
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patients post-burn | Patients post-burn admitted to the BurnCentre at Uppsala university hospital, 18 years or older, swedish/english speaking, with experience of at least one calorimetry measurement. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Patients´ experiences
Patients´ experiences before, during and after calorimetry measurement is explored with a semi-structered interview guide. The interview will be conducted within two weeks from the measurment at the Burn Centre. The interviews will be recorded, transcribed and analysed with content analysis.
Measured: The interviews will be conducted within two weeks from the calorimetry measurment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2026
- Study startSep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionJun 2028 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ExperiencesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Uppsala University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Josefin Dimander, Uppsala University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07839468
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FOU2026-00337
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 24 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004 Feb;24(2):105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001.
PubMed 14769454Elo S, Kyngas H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008 Apr;62(1):107-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.
PubMed 18352969Oshima T, Berger MM, De Waele E, Guttormsen AB, Heidegger CP, Hiesmayr M, Singer P, Wernerman J, Pichard C. Indirect calorimetry in nutritional therapy. A position paper by the ICALIC study group. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):651-662. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
PubMed 27373497Compher C, Bingham AL, McCall M, Patel J, Rice TW, Braunschweig C, McKeever L. Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Jan;46(1):12-41. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2267. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
PubMed 34784064Rousseau AF, Losser MR, Ichai C, Berger MM. ESPEN endorsed recommendations: nutritional therapy in major burns. Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;32(4):497-502. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.012. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
PubMed 23582468Caldis-Coutris N, Gawaziuk JP, Magnusson S, Logsetty S. Malnutrition in Burns: A Prospective, Single-Center Study. J Burn Care Res. 2022 May 17;43(3):592-595. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irab186.
PubMed 34653246Lengele L, Bruyere O, Fadeur M, Verbrugge AM, Martin F, Hans N, Misset B, Rousseau AF. Should We Worry About Nutrition Of Adults With Minor Burns? An Audit Of Their Intakes. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2021 Jun 30;34(2):163-169.
PubMed 34584505Chourdakis M, Bouras E, Shields BA, Stoppe C, Rousseau AF, Heyland DK. Nutritional therapy among burn injured patients in the critical care setting: An international multicenter observational study on "best achievable" practices. Clin Nutr. 2020 Dec;39(12):3813-3820. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.023. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
PubMed 32336526Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, Hiesmayr M, Mayer K, Montejo JC, Pichard C, Preiser JC, van Zanten ARH, Oczkowski S, Szczeklik W, Bischoff SC. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb;38(1):48-79. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037. Epub 2018 Sep 29.
PubMed 30348463Berger MM, Reintam-Blaser A, Calder PC, Casaer M, Hiesmayr MJ, Mayer K, Montejo JC, Pichard C, Preiser JC, van Zanten ARH, Bischoff SC, Singer P. Monitoring nutrition in the ICU. Clin Nutr. 2019 Apr;38(2):584-593. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.009. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
PubMed 30077342Singer P. Preserving the quality of life: nutrition in the ICU. Crit Care. 2019 Jun 14;23(Suppl 1):139. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2415-8.
PubMed 31200741Jeschke MG. Postburn Hypermetabolism: Past, Present, and Future. J Burn Care Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;37(2):86-96. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000265.
PubMed 26132047Wise AK, Hromatka KA, Miller KR. Energy Expenditure and Protein Requirements Following Burn Injury. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019 Oct;34(5):673-680. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10390. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
PubMed 31418486
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Patients´ Experiences of Calorimetry Measurements
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07839468
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FOU2026-00337
- Conditions
- Experiences, Burn, Calorimetry, Indirect
- Keywords
- Experiences, Burn, Calorimetry, indirect
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Uppsala University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A severe burn injury affects not only the skin but also how the body uses energy. Many patients have increased energy needs during recovery, and healthcare professionals use a method called indirect calorimetry to measure the body's energy expenditure and help provide appropriate nutritional treatment.
During the measurement, the patient rests comfortably while wearing a transparent canopy over the head for approximately 10 to 30 minutes. The equipment measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to estimate the body's energy needs.
Although indirect calorimetry is commonly used in burn care, little is known about how patients experience the procedure. The aim of this study is to explore patients' experiences of undergoing indirect calorimetry after a burn injury.
Participants will be interviewed about their experiences of the measurement. By analyzing these interviews, we hope to gain a better understanding of patients' perspectives and identify ways to improve information, preparation, comfort, and overall care related to the procedure. Ultimately, this may help make the assessment more comfortable for patients and support high-quality individualized nutritional treatment.
Detailed description
Severe burn injury affects the entire body, not only the skin. Profound alterations occur in metabolism, endocrine function, and immune responses, resulting in a hypermetabolic state. This condition is characterized by an increased energy expenditure that may persist for months or even years following injury. Adequate nutritional support is essential to promote wound healing, reduce the risk of infection, and preserve lean body mass. Both underfeeding and overfeeding may adversely affect recovery and clinical outcomes.
To enable safe and individualized nutritional management, measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry is recommended. During the assessment, the awake patient wears a transparent plastic canopy placed over the head. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are measured over a period of 10 to 30 minutes to estimate energy requirements. Accurate measurements require the patient to remain still, relaxed, and awake, while refraining from speaking, as physical activity, psychological stress, and other disturbances may influence the results.
Although indirect calorimetry is routinely used in burn care, relatively little is known about how patients experience the measurement procedure itself. Factors such as the hospital environment, pain, anxiety, restricted mobility, and the measurement may influence the patient's experience; however, these aspects have received limited scientific attention. Understanding the patient perspective is important, as discomfort or stress may negatively affect both the patient experience and the quality of the measurement.
The aim of this study is therefore to explore how individuals receiving care for burn injuries experience the assessment of resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry.
Data will be collected through semi-structured interviews. Eligible participants will be approached during their burn care admission and provided with both oral and written study information. Written informed consent will be obtained prior to participation. Consent forms and interview data will be stored securely and will be accessible only to the research team.
Interviews will be conducted within two weeks of the indirect calorimetry assessment, either in person at the burn unit or remotely via telephone or video call following hospital discharge. All interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview guide focuses on participants' experiences before, during, and after the indirect calorimetry measurement.
Data will be analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Interview transcripts will be read repeatedly to achieve immersion in the data and identify meaning units, which will be condensed, coded, and grouped into subcategories, categories, and overarching themes. Two researchers will independently code the interviews and discuss interpretations until consensus is reached. The analysis will involve an iterative process of moving between the original text, codes, categories, and emerging themes to develop a comprehensive understanding of participants' experiences. Findings will be reported with illustrative quotations to enhance transparency and trustworthiness.
Through qualitative content analysis of interview data, the study seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of patients' experiences, perceptions, and needs associated with indirect calorimetry. Increased knowledge in this area may contribute to improvements in clinical procedures, patient communication, and preparation before and during the assessment. Ultimately, the goal is to make the measurement process as safe, comfortable, and patient-centered as possible, thereby enhancing both the patient experience and the quality of the measurements used to guide individualised nutritional therapy.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Patients post-burn | – | –Patients post-burn admitted to the BurnCentre at Uppsala university hospital, 18 years or older, swedish/english speaking, with experience of at least one calorimetry measurement. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients post-burn admitted to the BurnCentre at Uppsala university hospital, 18 years or older, swedish/english speaking, with experience of at least one calorimetry measurement.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients post-burn admitted to the BurnCentre at Uppsala university hospital
- 18 years or older
- Swedish/english speaking
- With experience of at least one calorimetry measurement during burn care post-trauma
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Not fulfilling inclusion criteria
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Patients´ experiences
Time frame: The interviews will be conducted within two weeks from the calorimetry measurment.
Patients´ experiences before, during and after calorimetry measurement is explored with a semi-structered interview guide. The interview will be conducted within two weeks from the measurment at the Burn Centre. The interviews will be recorded, transcribed and analysed with content analysis.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 14769454Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004 Feb;24(2):105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001.
- Background: PubMed 18352969Elo S, Kyngas H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008 Apr;62(1):107-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.
- Background: PubMed 27373497Oshima T, Berger MM, De Waele E, Guttormsen AB, Heidegger CP, Hiesmayr M, Singer P, Wernerman J, Pichard C. Indirect calorimetry in nutritional therapy. A position paper by the ICALIC study group. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):651-662. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
- Background: PubMed 34784064Compher C, Bingham AL, McCall M, Patel J, Rice TW, Braunschweig C, McKeever L. Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Jan;46(1):12-41. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2267. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
- Background: PubMed 23582468Rousseau AF, Losser MR, Ichai C, Berger MM. ESPEN endorsed recommendations: nutritional therapy in major burns. Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;32(4):497-502. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.012. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
- Background: PubMed 34653246Caldis-Coutris N, Gawaziuk JP, Magnusson S, Logsetty S. Malnutrition in Burns: A Prospective, Single-Center Study. J Burn Care Res. 2022 May 17;43(3):592-595. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irab186.
- Background: PubMed 34584505Lengele L, Bruyere O, Fadeur M, Verbrugge AM, Martin F, Hans N, Misset B, Rousseau AF. Should We Worry About Nutrition Of Adults With Minor Burns? An Audit Of Their Intakes. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2021 Jun 30;34(2):163-169.
- Background: PubMed 32336526Chourdakis M, Bouras E, Shields BA, Stoppe C, Rousseau AF, Heyland DK. Nutritional therapy among burn injured patients in the critical care setting: An international multicenter observational study on "best achievable" practices. Clin Nutr. 2020 Dec;39(12):3813-3820. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.023. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
- Background: PubMed 30348463Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, Hiesmayr M, Mayer K, Montejo JC, Pichard C, Preiser JC, van Zanten ARH, Oczkowski S, Szczeklik W, Bischoff SC. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb;38(1):48-79. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037. Epub 2018 Sep 29.
- Background: PubMed 30077342Berger MM, Reintam-Blaser A, Calder PC, Casaer M, Hiesmayr MJ, Mayer K, Montejo JC, Pichard C, Preiser JC, van Zanten ARH, Bischoff SC, Singer P. Monitoring nutrition in the ICU. Clin Nutr. 2019 Apr;38(2):584-593. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.009. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
- Background: PubMed 31200741Singer P. Preserving the quality of life: nutrition in the ICU. Crit Care. 2019 Jun 14;23(Suppl 1):139. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2415-8.
- Background: PubMed 26132047Jeschke MG. Postburn Hypermetabolism: Past, Present, and Future. J Burn Care Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;37(2):86-96. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000265.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Experiences and Burn, run by Uppsala University Hospital at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Josefin Dimander, PhD, PhD (+(46)0186170489, josefin.dimander@uu.se), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Patients´ experiences (time frame: The interviews will be conducted within two weeks from the calorimetry measurment.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07839468, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Sep 2026.