ApplicationREMINDNCT07774910
Reminder-based Educational Mobile Intervention for for Maternal Oral Health Literacy and Preschoolers' Dental Health
A study testing Peri Bugi Mobile Application and Printed Booklet in people with Application and Oral Health, run by Pani Matin Anugrah at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effectiveness of educational application based on notification and reminder in improving maternal oral health literacy and the dental and dental health status of preschool children among mother-preschool child pairs (children aged <7 years) in Pancoran Mas, Depok… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Application, Oral Health, Oral Health Literacy
- What is being tested?
- Peri Bugi Mobile Application and Printed Booklet
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 15 Jul 2024to 9 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Mothers with a child aged 3-7 years (preschool-aged child).
- Mothers who own a smartphone and are able to download and install applications.
- Mothers who have internet access and actively use the internet.
- Mothers who are willing and cooperative to participate in the study from enrollment until study completion.
- Preschool children aged 3-7 years.
- Children enrolled in a preschool located in Pancoran Mas, Depok City.
Who cannot join
- Mothers who were unwilling to sign the informed consent form.
- Mothers or children with physical or mental disabilities (e.g., Down syndrome, hearing impairment, visual impairment, cerebral palsy, or other developmental or physical disabilities).
- Children with congenital diseases or congenital anomalies.
- Children with systemic diseases, such as congenital heart disease, epilepsy, thalassemia, hemophilia, or other systemic medical conditions.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effectiveness of a Notification- and Reminder-Based Educational Application in Improving Maternal Oral Health Literacy and the Dental Health Status of Preschool Children in Pancoran Mas
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effectiveness of educational application based on notification and reminder in improving maternal oral health literacy and the dental and dental health status of preschool children among mother-preschool child pairs (children aged <7 years) in Pancoran Mas, Depok City.
The primary research questions to be addressed in the main trial are:
Read more
- Does the application group improve mothers' oral health literacy (measured using the REALD-30 questionnaire) more than the printed booklet group?
- Does the application group improve children's oral health status, as measured by oral hygiene (Debris Index-Simplified [DI-S]) and gingival condition (modified Gingival Index [mGI]), more than the printed booklet group?
- What is the level of usability (ease of use) of the application as perceived by mothers who use it?
The researchers will compare a group of mothers who receive education through the application with a group of mothers who receive education through a printed booklet to determine whether the application produces greater improvements in maternal oral health literacy and children's oral health outcomes.
Participants will be asked to:
- Complete the REALD-30 questionnaire at baseline (pretest) and at the end of the program (posttest), with a one-month interval between assessments.
- Accompany their children for DI-S and mGI examinations at baseline (pretest) and at the end of the program (posttest), with a one-month interval between assessments, conducted by a calibrated dentist.
- Receive and study dental health education materials delivered progressively, one chapter per week, through either the application (intervention group) or a printed booklet (control group). Subsequent chapters will be unlocked in the following week.
- Complete a daily checklist documenting their child's tooth-brushing activities every morning and evening throughout the study period.
- For participants in the application group only: receive daily notifications/reminders and personalized educational messages (based on quiz scores and checklist compliance levels), and complete the Mobile App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) at the end of the program.
Read the detailed description
Study Design and Setting:
This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group approach and was conducted in parallel between the intervention and control groups in seven preschool in Pancoran Mas , Depok City, Indonesia, between July and December 2024. Participant allocation was non-randomized. The sample size was calculated using the analytical formula for comparing numerical between two independent groups. The final sample size was determined to be 100 participants in each group, yielding a total analytical sample of 200 mother-child pairs. Participants were recruited through a non-probability purposive sampling method at the village and school levels.
Intervention:
The study compared two educational media containing identical content on tooth anatomy, oral hygiene practices, oral diseases, and the development of dental caries (four chapters):
- Application (Peri Bugi): An interactive mHealth application featuring daily notifications and reminders, supplemented with a rule-based AI system that personalizes the frequency of educational messages according to quiz performance and compliance with the toothbrushing checklist.
- Booklet: A printed text-based educational material designed for self-directed learning.
Study Protocol:
- Application Development. The development process included conceptual planning (objectives, target users, framework, and REALD-30-based content), UI/UX wireframe design, development of the four educational chapters, and prototype creation.
- Expert Evaluation. Four experts (two computer science experts and two experts/master's students in community dentistry) evaluated the feasibility and usability of the prototype online via Zoom using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. The evaluation results were used to revise and improve the application.
- Pilot Study. Twenty end users (10 in the application group and 10 in the booklet group) tested the intervention over a two-week period. Baseline assessments included the REALD-30 questionnaire for mothers and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) for children.
- Main Effectiveness Trial
- Baseline Assessment: All participants completed a pretest to assess baseline conditions. Mothers completed the REALD-30 questionnaire, while children underwent DI-S and mGI examinations performed by calibrated dentists.
- Intervention Period: Participants in the intervention group used the Peri Bugi application, whereas those in the control group used the printed booklet. Educational materials were delivered progressively, with one chapter released each week over a four-week period. Participants were also required to complete morning and evening toothbrushing checklists. Coordination regarding chapter release schedules was conducted through WhatsApp groups.
- Post-Intervention Assessment: One month after baseline, all participants completed a posttest involving the same assessments administered at baseline. In addition, participants in the intervention group completed an application usability assessment.
Assessment Tools:
Oral Health Literacy: The REALD-30 questionnaire (Lee et al., 2007) was used to assess mothers' oral health literacy through recognition of dental terminology. Scores were converted to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better oral health literacy. The questionnaire was administered at both pretest and posttest.
Children's Oral Health Status: The Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status, while the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) was used to evaluate gingival health. Both measurements were conducted at pretest and posttest by calibrated dentists.
Application Usability: The Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) (Zhou et al., 2019), consisting of three subscales and a 7-point Likert scale, was administered to participants in the intervention group at posttest. Lower scores indicated better usability according to the scoring system applied in this study.
Assessment Tools:
- Oral Health Literacy: The REALD-30 questionnaire (Lee et al., 2007) was used to assess mothers' oral health literacy through recognition of dental terminology. Scores were converted to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better oral health literacy. The questionnaire was administered at both pretest and posttest.
- Children's Oral Health Status: The Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status, while the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) was used to evaluate gingival health. Both measurements were conducted at pretest and posttest by calibrated dentists.
- Application Usability: The Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) (Zhou et al., 2019), consisting of three subscales and a 7-point Likert scale, was administered to participants in the intervention group at posttest. Higher scores indicated better usability according to the scoring system applied in this study.
- Conditions
- Application, Oral Health, Oral Health Literacy, Oral Hygiene
- Being tested
- Peri Bugi Mobile Application, Printed Booklet
- Keywords
- Notification and reminder application, Rule-based Artificial Intelligence, Dental health education, Maternal oral health literacy, Oral health hygiene, Preschool children, Mothers
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Peri Bugi Mobile ApplicationBehavioural
Peri Bugi is an mHealth-based oral health education application developed for Android and iOS devices. The application comprises five main features: Literacy (a four-chapter flipbook containing oral health educational content), Quiz, Toothbrushing Song, Toothbrushing Checklist, and Settings. It provides daily reminder notifications and utilizes a rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) system to personalize dental health education messages based on users' quiz performance and adherence to the toothbrushing checklist.
Printed BookletBehavioural
A printed text-based oral health education booklet comprising four chapters with content equivalent to that provided in the Peri Bugi application. The booklet was intended for self-directed learning and did not incorporate any notification, reminder, or personalized educational messaging features
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group (Peri Bugi Mobile Application) | Experimental | Mothers in this group received oral health education through the Peri Bugi mHealth application, a notification- and reminder-based platform equipped with a rule-based AI system that personalized the frequency of educational messages based on quiz scores and compliance with the toothbrushing checklist. Educational materials consisting of four chapters were delivered progressively, with one chapter released each week over a four-week period. In addition, participants received toothbrushing reminder notifications at 6:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Receives: Behavioral: Peri Bugi Mobile Application |
| Control Group (Printed Booklet) | Active comparator | Mothers in the control group received oral health education through a printed booklet containing content equivalent to that provided in the application. The educational materials, consisting of four chapters, were delivered progressively, with one chapter provided each week over a four-week period for self-directed learning. Receives: Behavioral: Printed Booklet |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maternal Oral Health Literacy Score (REALD-30 Questionnaire)
Change in mothers' oral health literacy, measured using the Rapid Estimation of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30) questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 30, with each correctly recognized dental term scored as 1 and each incorrectly recognized term scored as 0. Higher scores indicate better oral health literacy. Changes in scores are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Measured: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Children's Oral Hygiene Status (DI-S)
Change in the oral hygiene status of preschool children, measured using the Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) based on the extent of soft debris present on the surfaces of index teeth (score range: 0-3 per tooth surface). Lower scores indicate better oral hygiene. Examinations are performed by calibrated dentists. Changes are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Measured: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Children's Gingival Health Status (m-GI)
Change in the gingival health status of preschool children, measured using the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) based on the severity of gingival inflammation. Lower scores indicate healthier gingival conditions. Examinations are conducted by calibrated dentists. Changes are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Measured: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Application Usability Score (MAUQ)
Mothers' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of the Peri Bugi application, measured using the Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). The MAUQ consists of three subscales: ease of use and satisfaction, system information arrangement, and efficiency, using a 7-point Likert scale. Lower scores indicate better usability according to the scoring system used in this study. This outcome is assessed only among participants in the intervention group.
Measured: 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2026
- Study start15 Jul 2024
- Primary completion3 Dec 2024
- Study completion9 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ApplicationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Pani Matin Anugrah
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Pani Matin Anugrah, Universitas Indonesia
- Investigators
- Risqa Rina Darwita, Prof., Principal investigator, Universitas Indonesia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07774910
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 61/Ethical Approval/FKGUI/IX/2
- Other IDs
- PKS 149/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2025
- Acronym
- REMIND
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be made publicly available in order to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of participants (mothers and preschool-aged children), in accordance with the requirements of the ethics approval.
Publications
Shirmohammadi M, Razeghi S, Shamshiri AR, Mohebbi SZ. Impact of smartphone application usage by mothers in improving oral health and its determinants in early childhood: a randomised controlled trial in a paediatric dental setting. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Aug;23(4):629-639. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00731-9. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
PubMed 35841512Zhou L, Bao J, Setiawan IMA, Saptono A, Parmanto B. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ): Development and Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Apr 11;7(4):e11500. doi: 10.2196/11500.
PubMed 30973342Lee JY, Rozier RG, Lee SY, Bender D, Ruiz RE. Development of a word recognition instrument to test health literacy in dentistry: the REALD-30--a brief communication. J Public Health Dent. 2007 Spring;67(2):94-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00021.x.
PubMed 17557680Lozoya CJS, Giblin-Scanlon L, Boyd LD, Nolen S, Vineyard J. Influence of a Smartphone Application on the Oral Health Practices and Behaviors of Parents of Preschool Children. J Dent Hyg. 2019 Oct;93(5):6-14.
PubMed 31628171Nolen SL, Giblin-Scanlon LJ, Boyd LD, Rainchuso L. Development and Testing of a Smartphone Application Prototype for Oral Health Promotion. J Dent Hyg. 2018 Apr;92(2):6-14.
PubMed 29739842Wu K, Yin W, Liang X, Zou L, Yang Z. The influence of parents' oral health literacy and behavior on oral health of preschool children aged 3-6 years- evidence from China. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Nov 28;24(1):1445. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05213-6.
PubMed 39604904Adil AH, Eusufzai SZ, Kamruddin A, Wan Ahmad WMA, Jamayet NB, Karobari MI, Alam MK. Assessment of Parents' Oral Health Literacy and Its Association with Caries Experience of Their Preschool Children. Children (Basel). 2020 Aug 18;7(8):101. doi: 10.3390/children7080101.
PubMed 32824693
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effectiveness of a Notification- and Reminder-Based Educational Application in Improving Maternal Oral Health Literacy and the Dental Health Status of Preschool Children in Pancoran Mas
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07774910
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REMIND / 61/Ethical Approval/FKGUI/IX/2
- Conditions
- Application, Oral Health, Oral Health Literacy, Oral Hygiene
- Keywords
- Notification and reminder application, Rule-based Artificial Intelligence, Dental health education, Maternal oral health literacy, Oral health hygiene, Preschool children, Mothers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Pani Matin AnugrahUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 9 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effectiveness of educational application based on notification and reminder in improving maternal oral health literacy and the dental and dental health status of preschool children among mother-preschool child pairs (children aged <7 years) in Pancoran Mas, Depok City.
The primary research questions to be addressed in the main trial are:
- Does the application group improve mothers' oral health literacy (measured using the REALD-30 questionnaire) more than the printed booklet group?
- Does the application group improve children's oral health status, as measured by oral hygiene (Debris Index-Simplified [DI-S]) and gingival condition (modified Gingival Index [mGI]), more than the printed booklet group?
- What is the level of usability (ease of use) of the application as perceived by mothers who use it?
The researchers will compare a group of mothers who receive education through the application with a group of mothers who receive education through a printed booklet to determine whether the application produces greater improvements in maternal oral health literacy and children's oral health outcomes.
Participants will be asked to:
- Complete the REALD-30 questionnaire at baseline (pretest) and at the end of the program (posttest), with a one-month interval between assessments.
- Accompany their children for DI-S and mGI examinations at baseline (pretest) and at the end of the program (posttest), with a one-month interval between assessments, conducted by a calibrated dentist.
- Receive and study dental health education materials delivered progressively, one chapter per week, through either the application (intervention group) or a printed booklet (control group). Subsequent chapters will be unlocked in the following week.
- Complete a daily checklist documenting their child's tooth-brushing activities every morning and evening throughout the study period.
- For participants in the application group only: receive daily notifications/reminders and personalized educational messages (based on quiz scores and checklist compliance levels), and complete the Mobile App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) at the end of the program.
Detailed description
Study Design and Setting:
This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group approach and was conducted in parallel between the intervention and control groups in seven preschool in Pancoran Mas , Depok City, Indonesia, between July and December 2024. Participant allocation was non-randomized. The sample size was calculated using the analytical formula for comparing numerical between two independent groups. The final sample size was determined to be 100 participants in each group, yielding a total analytical sample of 200 mother-child pairs. Participants were recruited through a non-probability purposive sampling method at the village and school levels.
Intervention:
The study compared two educational media containing identical content on tooth anatomy, oral hygiene practices, oral diseases, and the development of dental caries (four chapters):
- Application (Peri Bugi): An interactive mHealth application featuring daily notifications and reminders, supplemented with a rule-based AI system that personalizes the frequency of educational messages according to quiz performance and compliance with the toothbrushing checklist.
- Booklet: A printed text-based educational material designed for self-directed learning.
Study Protocol:
- Application Development. The development process included conceptual planning (objectives, target users, framework, and REALD-30-based content), UI/UX wireframe design, development of the four educational chapters, and prototype creation.
- Expert Evaluation. Four experts (two computer science experts and two experts/master's students in community dentistry) evaluated the feasibility and usability of the prototype online via Zoom using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. The evaluation results were used to revise and improve the application.
- Pilot Study. Twenty end users (10 in the application group and 10 in the booklet group) tested the intervention over a two-week period. Baseline assessments included the REALD-30 questionnaire for mothers and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) for children.
- Main Effectiveness Trial
- Baseline Assessment: All participants completed a pretest to assess baseline conditions. Mothers completed the REALD-30 questionnaire, while children underwent DI-S and mGI examinations performed by calibrated dentists.
- Intervention Period: Participants in the intervention group used the Peri Bugi application, whereas those in the control group used the printed booklet. Educational materials were delivered progressively, with one chapter released each week over a four-week period. Participants were also required to complete morning and evening toothbrushing checklists. Coordination regarding chapter release schedules was conducted through WhatsApp groups.
- Post-Intervention Assessment: One month after baseline, all participants completed a posttest involving the same assessments administered at baseline. In addition, participants in the intervention group completed an application usability assessment.
Assessment Tools:
Oral Health Literacy: The REALD-30 questionnaire (Lee et al., 2007) was used to assess mothers' oral health literacy through recognition of dental terminology. Scores were converted to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better oral health literacy. The questionnaire was administered at both pretest and posttest.
Children's Oral Health Status: The Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status, while the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) was used to evaluate gingival health. Both measurements were conducted at pretest and posttest by calibrated dentists.
Application Usability: The Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) (Zhou et al., 2019), consisting of three subscales and a 7-point Likert scale, was administered to participants in the intervention group at posttest. Lower scores indicated better usability according to the scoring system applied in this study.
Assessment Tools:
- Oral Health Literacy: The REALD-30 questionnaire (Lee et al., 2007) was used to assess mothers' oral health literacy through recognition of dental terminology. Scores were converted to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better oral health literacy. The questionnaire was administered at both pretest and posttest.
- Children's Oral Health Status: The Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status, while the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) was used to evaluate gingival health. Both measurements were conducted at pretest and posttest by calibrated dentists.
- Application Usability: The Mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) (Zhou et al., 2019), consisting of three subscales and a 7-point Likert scale, was administered to participants in the intervention group at posttest. Higher scores indicated better usability according to the scoring system applied in this study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group (Peri Bugi Mobile Application) | Experimental | Behavioral: Peri Bugi Mobile ApplicationMothers in this group received oral health education through the Peri Bugi mHealth application, a notification- and reminder-based platform equipped with a rule-based AI system that personalized the frequency of educational messages based on quiz scores and compliance with the toothbrushing checklist. Educational materials consisting of four chapters were delivered progressively, with one chapter released each week over a four-week period. In addition, participants received toothbrushing reminder notifications at 6:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. |
| Control Group (Printed Booklet) | Active comparator | Behavioral: Printed BookletMothers in the control group received oral health education through a printed booklet containing content equivalent to that provided in the application. The educational materials, consisting of four chapters, were delivered progressively, with one chapter provided each week over a four-week period for self-directed learning. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Mothers with a child aged 3-7 years (preschool-aged child).
- Mothers who own a smartphone and are able to download and install applications.
- Mothers who have internet access and actively use the internet.
- Mothers who are willing and cooperative to participate in the study from enrollment until study completion.
- Preschool children aged 3-7 years.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Mothers who were unwilling to sign the informed consent form.
- Mothers or children with physical or mental disabilities (e.g., Down syndrome, hearing impairment, visual impairment, cerebral palsy, or other developmental or physical disabilities).
- Children with congenital diseases or congenital anomalies.
- Children with systemic diseases, such as congenital heart disease, epilepsy, thalassemia, hemophilia, or other systemic medical conditions.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Peri Bugi Mobile ApplicationPeri Bugi is an mHealth-based oral health education application developed for Android and iOS devices. The application comprises five main features: Literacy (a four-chapter flipbook containing oral health educational content), Quiz, Toothbrushing Song, Toothbrushing Checklist, and Settings. It provides daily reminder notifications and utilizes a rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) system to personalize dental health education messages based on users' quiz performance and adherence to the toothbrushing checklist. | Behavioural | Intervention Group (Peri Bugi Mobile Application) |
| Printed BookletA printed text-based oral health education booklet comprising four chapters with content equivalent to that provided in the Peri Bugi application. The booklet was intended for self-directed learning and did not incorporate any notification, reminder, or personalized educational messaging features | Behavioural | Control Group (Printed Booklet) |
Primary outcome
Maternal Oral Health Literacy Score (REALD-30 Questionnaire)
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Change in mothers' oral health literacy, measured using the Rapid Estimation of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30) questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 30, with each correctly recognized dental term scored as 1 and each incorrectly recognized term scored as 0. Higher scores indicate better oral health literacy. Changes in scores are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Children's Oral Hygiene Status (DI-S)
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Change in the oral hygiene status of preschool children, measured using the Debris Index-Simplified (DI-S) based on the extent of soft debris present on the surfaces of index teeth (score range: 0-3 per tooth surface). Lower scores indicate better oral hygiene. Examinations are performed by calibrated dentists. Changes are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
Children's Gingival Health Status (m-GI)
Time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Change in the gingival health status of preschool children, measured using the Modified Gingival Index (mGI) based on the severity of gingival inflammation. Lower scores indicate healthier gingival conditions. Examinations are conducted by calibrated dentists. Changes are assessed by comparing pretest and posttest measurements.
1 secondary outcome
Application Usability Score (MAUQ)
Time frame: 1 month post-intervention (posttest)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35841512Shirmohammadi M, Razeghi S, Shamshiri AR, Mohebbi SZ. Impact of smartphone application usage by mothers in improving oral health and its determinants in early childhood: a randomised controlled trial in a paediatric dental setting. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Aug;23(4):629-639. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00731-9. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
- Background: PubMed 30973342Zhou L, Bao J, Setiawan IMA, Saptono A, Parmanto B. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ): Development and Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Apr 11;7(4):e11500. doi: 10.2196/11500.
- Background: PubMed 17557680Lee JY, Rozier RG, Lee SY, Bender D, Ruiz RE. Development of a word recognition instrument to test health literacy in dentistry: the REALD-30--a brief communication. J Public Health Dent. 2007 Spring;67(2):94-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00021.x.
- Background: PubMed 31628171Lozoya CJS, Giblin-Scanlon L, Boyd LD, Nolen S, Vineyard J. Influence of a Smartphone Application on the Oral Health Practices and Behaviors of Parents of Preschool Children. J Dent Hyg. 2019 Oct;93(5):6-14.
- Background: PubMed 29739842Nolen SL, Giblin-Scanlon LJ, Boyd LD, Rainchuso L. Development and Testing of a Smartphone Application Prototype for Oral Health Promotion. J Dent Hyg. 2018 Apr;92(2):6-14.
- Background: PubMed 39604904Wu K, Yin W, Liang X, Zou L, Yang Z. The influence of parents' oral health literacy and behavior on oral health of preschool children aged 3-6 years- evidence from China. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Nov 28;24(1):1445. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05213-6.
- Background: PubMed 32824693Adil AH, Eusufzai SZ, Kamruddin A, Wan Ahmad WMA, Jamayet NB, Karobari MI, Alam MK. Assessment of Parents' Oral Health Literacy and Its Association with Caries Experience of Their Preschool Children. Children (Basel). 2020 Aug 18;7(8):101. doi: 10.3390/children7080101.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be made publicly available in order to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of participants (mothers and preschool-aged children), in accordance with the requirements of the ethics approval.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Risqa Rina Darwita, Prof. principal investigator
Universitas Indonesia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Peri Bugi Mobile Application and Printed Booklet in people with Application and Oral Health, run by Pani Matin Anugrah at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maternal Oral Health Literacy Score (REALD-30 Questionnaire) (time frame: Baseline (pretest) and 1 month post-intervention (posttest)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07774910, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2026.