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Atrial Fibrillation (AF)AFRVRNCT07722039

Clinical Validation of SMD-RVECG for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response Within 2 Hours

An observational study of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response, run by HUINNO Co., Ltd.

Not yet recruiting

Opening soon. The study is approved but enrolment has not started yet. Sites may already take enquiries.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical performance of SMD-RVECG, an artificial intelligence-based medical device software that analyzes single-lead electrocardiogram data to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response occurring within 2 hours. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 19 years and older
What is being tested?
SMD-RVECG
Type of treatment
Medical device
How many people
348 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
1 Oct 2026to 31 Dec 2026
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 19 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: Patients aged 19 years or older whose continuous single-lead electrocardiogram data were collected through VitalDB at Seoul National University Hospital between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2025. The study population includes patients with atrial fibrillation whose eligible electrocardiogram datasets are classified according to the presence or absence of rapid ventricular response. AF with RVR-positive datasets include atrial fibrillation followed by rapid ventricular response, defined as an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds. AF with RVR-negative datasets include atrial fibrillation without rapid ventricular response during the predefined assessment period.

Who may be able to join

  • Continuous single-lead electrocardiogram data collected through VitalDB at Seoul National University Hospital between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2025
  • Participant aged 19 years or older at the time of electrocardiogram data collection
  • Electrocardiogram data meeting either of the following group definitions:
  • AF with RVR-positive group: atrial fibrillation followed by rapid ventricular response, defined as an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds, with available electrocardiogram data for up to 2 hours before the onset of rapid ventricular response and after the onset in accordance with the protocol
  • AF with RVR-negative group: atrial fibrillation without rapid ventricular response, with 3 hours of electrocardiogram data available before a selected index time corresponding to a similar time during hospitalization as that used for positive cases
  • If the relevant episode occurred within 2 hours after the start of electrocardiogram recording, availability of electrocardiogram data from the start of recording through up to 1 hour after the episode, with a minimum electrocardiogram recording duration of 10 minutes
  • Other data considered suitable for the study by the principal investigator

Who cannot join

  • Electrocardiogram data considered to be of inadequate quality because of noise, poor equipment handling, unclear signals, artifacts, or similar problems
  • Electrocardiogram data with signal loss of 5 percent or greater
  • Electrocardiogram data with a heart rate below 30 beats per minute or above 300 beats per minute
  • Data collected from a participant who was pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of data collection
  • Data previously used for training or validation of the artificial intelligence model
  • Electrocardiogram data from a participant whose baseline heart rate remained at 110 beats per minute or greater irrespective of atrial fibrillation
  • Data considered unsuitable for this clinical study by the principal investigator

Trial locations and contacts

No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

About this study

Official title: A Retrospective, Single Center, Single Arm, Superiority Confirmatory Study to Evaluate the Clinical Validity of SMD-RVECG, Artificial Intelligence Software to Predict the Risk of Developing Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response (AF With RVR) Within 2 Hours Using Single Lead-Based Electrocardiogram Analysis

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical performance of SMD-RVECG, an artificial intelligence-based medical device software that analyzes single-lead electrocardiogram data to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response occurring within 2 hours.

A total of 348 eligible electrocardiogram datasets collected through VitalDB at Seoul National University Hospital will be included. Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response is defined in this study as atrial fibrillation accompanied by an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds.

Eligible datasets will be classified as positive or negative for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Two qualified physicians blinded to the software results will review the electrocardiogram data and relevant medical records to establish the reference-standard classification. The blinded electrocardiogram datasets will then be analyzed using SMD-RVECG, and the software-generated predictions will be compared with the reference standard to evaluate clinical performance.

Read the detailed description

This clinical study is designed as a retrospective, single-center, single-arm, superiority confirmatory clinical performance study conducted at Seoul National University Hospital.

Pre-screening Electronic medical records and the VitalDB registry will be reviewed to identify potentially eligible data. The study will use continuous single-lead electrocardiogram data collected through VitalDB between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2025, from patients who were 19 years of age or older at the time of data collection.

Screening and Data Collection A screening number will be assigned sequentially to each potentially eligible dataset. Eligibility will be determined by reviewing the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. For eligible cases, continuous single-lead electrocardiogram data, signal loss, heart rate, the occurrence and timing of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response episodes, the electrocardiogram data collection period, demographic information, previous history of atrial fibrillation, and pregnancy status will be collected. Directly identifying personal information will not be collected.

Test Dataset Creation Eligible electrocardiogram datasets will be classified into positive and negative groups for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response.

The positive group will include electrocardiogram datasets in which atrial fibrillation is followed by rapid ventricular response, defined as an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds. The dataset will include electrocardiogram data preceding the onset of rapid ventricular response and data following the episode, as specified in the study protocol.

The negative group will include electrocardiogram datasets with atrial fibrillation that is not accompanied by rapid ventricular response during the predefined assessment period.

The planned study dataset consists of 348 cases, including 58 positive cases and 290 negative cases.

Reference Standard Establishment Two anesthesiology and pain medicine specialists with at least 5 years of relevant clinical experience in electrocardiogram-based arrhythmia interpretation will independently review the electrocardiogram data and relevant medical records. The reviewers will assess electrocardiogram data quality, confirm the presence or absence and timing of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, and establish the reference-standard classification.

The reviewers will be blinded to each other's initial assessments and to the results generated by SMD-RVECG. If the two reviewers disagree, the classification will be determined through consensus and the basis for the consensus will be documented. If consensus cannot be reached, the dataset will be excluded from the study.

Application of the Investigational Device The medical device operator will receive the test electrocardiogram datasets identified only by screening numbers and will be blinded to the positive or negative reference-standard classifications. The datasets will be retrospectively analyzed using SMD-RVECG to generate risk estimates for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response occurring within 2 hours. The software-generated peak risk values and corresponding times will be recorded.

Statistical Analysis The software-generated predictions will be compared with the reference-standard classifications. The primary performance measure is the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response within 2 hours. A two-sided 95% confidence interval will be calculated using Newcombe's Wald method. The study will be considered successful if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval is greater than 0.8.

Secondary performance measures include the area under the precision-recall curve, threshold-specific precision, recall, F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, confusion-matrix results, and prediction time horizon.

Because this retrospective study uses previously collected data, there will be no direct participant contact, additional examination, treatment, or change in clinical care.

Being tested
SMD-RVECG
Keywords
Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response, AF With RVR, Rapid Ventricular Response, Atrial Fibrillation Prediction, Single-Lead Electrocardiogram, Artificial Intelligence, Software as a Medical Device, SMD-RVECG
Medical subject headings
Atrial Fibrillation

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • SMD-RVECGDevice

    SMD-RVECG is an artificial intelligence-based software as a medical device designed to analyze continuous single-lead electrocardiogram data and estimate the risk of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response occurring within 2 hours. The software generates a risk score ranging from 0 to 100 based on electrocardiogram signal characteristics.

    In this retrospective study, blinded electrocardiogram datasets identified only by screening numbers will be analyzed using SMD-RVECG. The software-generated risk scores, peak values, and corresponding times will be recorded and compared with the reference-standard classifications. The software will not be used to guide the clinical care of the patients whose data are included.

Study groups in NCT07722039
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
AF With RVR Positive GroupElectrocardiogram datasets from patients with atrial fibrillation in which rapid ventricular response occurred. Rapid ventricular response is defined as an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds. The dataset includes electrocardiogram data preceding the first onset of rapid ventricular response and data following the episode in accordance with the protocol. These datasets will be retrospectively analyzed using SMD-RVECG.
Receives: Device: SMD-RVECG
AF With RVR Negative GroupElectrocardiogram datasets from patients with atrial fibrillation in which rapid ventricular response did not occur during the predefined assessment period. The dataset includes electrocardiogram data from the 3 hours preceding a selected index time corresponding to a similar time during hospitalization as the onset time used for positive cases. These datasets will be retrospectively analyzed using SMD-RVECG.
Receives: Device: SMD-RVECG

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. AUROC of SMD-RVECG for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response Within 2 Hours

    The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) will be calculated by comparing the maximum risk score generated by SMD-RVECG with the reference-standard classification of the AF with RVR-positive and AF with RVR-negative electrocardiogram datasets. Sensitivity and the false-positive rate will be calculated across the evaluated decision thresholds to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve. A two-sided 95% confidence interval will be estimated using Newcombe's Wald method. The performance criterion will be met if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval is greater than 0.8.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

Secondary outcomes (7)
  1. Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve of SMD-RVECG

    The area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) will be calculated using the risk scores generated by SMD-RVECG and the reference-standard classification of the AF with RVR-positive and AF with RVR-negative electrocardiogram datasets. A higher AUPRC indicates better discrimination of AF with RVR-positive datasets.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

  2. Sensitivity of SMD-RVECG for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response

    Sensitivity, also referred to as recall, will be calculated at the evaluated decision thresholds as the proportion of reference-standard AF with RVR-positive datasets that are classified as positive by SMD-RVECG.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

  3. Specificity of SMD-RVECG for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response

    Specificity will be calculated at the evaluated decision thresholds as the proportion of reference-standard AF with RVR-negative datasets that are classified as negative by SMD-RVECG.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

  4. Positive Predictive Value of SMD-RVECG

    Positive predictive value, also referred to as precision, will be calculated at the evaluated decision thresholds as the proportion of datasets classified as positive by SMD-RVECG that are AF with RVR-positive according to the reference standard.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

  5. Negative Predictive Value of SMD-RVECG

    Negative predictive value will be calculated at the evaluated decision thresholds as the proportion of datasets classified as negative by SMD-RVECG that are AF with RVR-negative according to the reference standard.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

  6. F1 Score of SMD-RVECG

    The F1 score will be calculated at the evaluated decision thresholds as the harmonic mean of precision and recall. The F1 score ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a better balance between precision and recall.

    Measured: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours

  7. Prediction Time Horizon of SMD-RVECG for Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response

    For AF with RVR-positive datasets, the prediction time horizon will be calculated as the time interval between the software-generated prediction or alarm and the reference-standard onset of the AF with RVR episode.

    Measured: Within the 2-hour period preceding the onset of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted23 Jul 2026
  2. Study start1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
  3. Primary completion30 Nov 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Case only
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrolment
348 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07722039
Sponsor's protocol ID
HU-AFRVR-01
Other IDs
RS-2026-25543193
Acronym
AFRVR
Status last verified
Jul 2026
First submitted
20 Jul 2026
Last updated
23 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
Individual data sharing
No: Individual participant data collected in this study are not planned to be shared with external researchers. Any future sharing would require separate sponsor approval and compliance with applicable privacy, ethical, and institutional requirements.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response, run by HUINNO Co., Ltd.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact JooYeon Yoo (+82-2-2051-3161, clinical_trial@huinno.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

AUROC of SMD-RVECG for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response Within 2 Hours (time frame: During retrospective analysis of the predefined electrocardiogram dataset for each case, up to 3 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jul 2026.

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