AnxietyNCT07554534
Effects of Kahoot-Based Learning on Anxiety, Stress Coping, and Motivation in Physiotherapy Students
A study testing Kahoot-based learning and Paper-based learning in people with Anxiety and Motivation, run by Bezmialem Vakif University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of Kahoot-based learning on anxiety, stress coping, and motivation levels in physiotherapy and rehabilitation students. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Kahoot-based assessment group or a traditional paper-based assessment group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Anxiety, Motivation, Stress
- What is being tested?
- Kahoot-based learning and Paper-based learning
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 131 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Oct 2025to 15 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- enrollment in the specified courses,
- voluntary participation,
- age ≥18 years,
- absence of neurological, psychiatric, or systemic disorders,
- proficiency in the Turkish language.
Who cannot join
- included the inability to attend face-to-face classes or quiz sessions,
- any medical or personal condition preventing participation, or incomplete assessment data.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Kahoot-Based Learning on Students' Anxiety, Stress Coping, and Motivation: A Comparative Study in Physiotherapy Education
This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of Kahoot-based learning on anxiety, stress coping, and motivation levels in physiotherapy and rehabilitation students. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Kahoot-based assessment group or a traditional paper-based assessment group. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and after a 4-week intervention period.
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Motivation, Stress, Test Anxiety
- Being tested
- Kahoot-based learning, Paper-based learning
- Keywords
- Gamification, Physiotherapy Education, Anxiety, Motivation, Stress, Test Anxiety
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Kahoot-based learningBehavioural
Participants completed quizzes using the Kahoot! platform at the end of each lesson during the 4-week intervention period. Each session included 5-10 multiple-choice questions, and immediate feedback was provided following each response. The intervention aimed to enhance engagement through interactive and gamified learning.
Paper-based learningBehavioural
Participants completed quizzes using traditional paper-based methods at the end of each lesson during the 4-week intervention period. Each session included 5-10 multiple-choice questions, and feedback was provided after completion of the quiz.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Kahoot Group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Kahoot-based learning |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Paper-based learning |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Test Anxiety (Test Anxiety Scale)
Test anxiety will be assessed using the 34-item Test Anxiety Scale developed by Bahçeci. The scale assesses the cognitive, emotional, and physiological dimensions of test anxiety. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("Never") to 5 ("Always"), yielding a total score between 34 and 170. Higher scores indicate greater levels of test anxiety.
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (4)
Trait Anxiety Level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-Trait)
Trait anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Trait), a validated 20-item scale measuring general anxiety disposition. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
State Anxiety Level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-State)
State anxiety levels will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State), a validated 20-item self-report scale measuring situational anxiety. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Coping with Stress Inventory (CSI)
Stress coping strategies were assessed using the 43-item Coping with Stress Inventory (CSI). The inventory includes six coping dimensions: active planning, seeking external support, religious coping, emotional-behavioral disengagement, biochemical disengagement, and cognitive restructuring. Although the inventory has a multidimensional structure, the total CSI score was used for statistical analyses to represent participants' overall use of coping strategies. Higher total scores indicate more frequent use of coping strategies.
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Learning Motivation (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey - IMMS)
Learning motivation will be evaluated using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), a 14-item validated instrument assessing motivation related to instructional materials. Higher scores indicate greater motivation.
Measured: At the post-test assessment (after 4 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Apr 2026
- Study start15 Oct 2025
- Primary completion15 Dec 2025
- Study completion15 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Bezmialem Vakif UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 131 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bezmialem Vakif University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elif Durgut, Bezmialem Vakif University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07554534
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- bvuedurgut02
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 21 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 7 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Kahoot-Based Learning on Students' Anxiety, Stress Coping, and Motivation: A Comparative Study in Physiotherapy Education
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07554534
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- bvuedurgut02
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Motivation, Stress, Test Anxiety
- Keywords
- Gamification, Physiotherapy Education, Anxiety, Motivation, Stress, Test Anxiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 131 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bezmialem Vakif UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of Kahoot-based learning on anxiety, stress coping, and motivation levels in physiotherapy and rehabilitation students. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Kahoot-based assessment group or a traditional paper-based assessment group. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and after a 4-week intervention period.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Kahoot Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Kahoot-based learning |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Paper-based learning |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- enrollment in the specified courses,
- voluntary participation,
- age ≥18 years,
- absence of neurological, psychiatric, or systemic disorders,
- proficiency in the Turkish language.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- included the inability to attend face-to-face classes or quiz sessions,
- any medical or personal condition preventing participation, or incomplete assessment data.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Kahoot-based learningParticipants completed quizzes using the Kahoot! platform at the end of each lesson during the 4-week intervention period. Each session included 5-10 multiple-choice questions, and immediate feedback was provided following each response. The intervention aimed to enhance engagement through interactive and gamified learning. | Behavioural | Kahoot Group |
| Paper-based learningParticipants completed quizzes using traditional paper-based methods at the end of each lesson during the 4-week intervention period. Each session included 5-10 multiple-choice questions, and feedback was provided after completion of the quiz. | Behavioural | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Test Anxiety (Test Anxiety Scale)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Test anxiety will be assessed using the 34-item Test Anxiety Scale developed by Bahçeci. The scale assesses the cognitive, emotional, and physiological dimensions of test anxiety. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("Never") to 5 ("Always"), yielding a total score between 34 and 170. Higher scores indicate greater levels of test anxiety.
4 secondary outcomes
Trait Anxiety Level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-Trait)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
State Anxiety Level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI-State)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Coping with Stress Inventory (CSI)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Learning Motivation (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey - IMMS)
Time frame: At the post-test assessment (after 4 weeks)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Jul 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Kahoot-based learning and Paper-based learning in people with Anxiety and Motivation, run by Bezmialem Vakif University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Test Anxiety (Test Anxiety Scale) (time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Jul 2026.