Resistance ExerciseNCT07495540
Comparison of the Effects of Free Weight and Machine-Based Exercises on Muscular Parameters
A study testing Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group and Free Weight-Based Resistance Training Group in people with Resistance Exercise and Neuromuscular Adaptations, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of our study is to compare and investigate the effects of resistance exercises performed with free weights and those performed using machine systems on muscular parameters and neuromuscular control. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Resistance Exercise, Neuromuscular Adaptations, Muscle
- What is being tested?
- Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group and Free Weight-Based Resistance Training Group
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 23 Mar 2026to 1 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being an individual between the ages of 18-30 years
- Being physically inactive according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (<600 MET-min/week)
- Residing in Istanbul
- Voluntary participation in the study.
Who cannot join
- Having a neurological or cardiopulmonary system problem that prevents exercise.
- Having mental dysfunction.
- Having an acute musculoskeletal injury which limits exercise participant
- Being pregnant.
- Having answered "YES" to any question on the Exercise Readiness Questionnaire.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Biruni University
Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, 34015
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Free Weight and Machine-Based Exercise Effects on Muscular Parameters
The aim of our study is to compare and investigate the effects of resistance exercises performed with free weights and those performed using machine systems on muscular parameters and neuromuscular control.
- Conditions
- Resistance Exercise, Neuromuscular Adaptations, Muscle, Adult
- Being tested
- Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group, Free Weight-Based Resistance Training Group
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Machine-Based Resistance Exercise GroupDevice
Participants will perform supervised resistance exercises using weight machines (including machine-based biceps curl, squat, and bench press) at an intensity of 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks.
Free Weight-Based Resistance Training GroupOther
Participants will perform supervised resistance exercises using free weights (dumbbells and barbell), including biceps curl, squat, and bench press, at an intensity of 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Free Weight Resistance Exercise Group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Free Weight-Based Resistance Training Group |
| Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Device: Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Muscle Strength
Maximal voluntary strength of major muscle groups (upper and lower extremity) will be measured using 1-repetition maximum (1RM) tests for biceps curl, squat, and bench press. The heaviest weight that can be lifted once with proper form is recorded. Higher values indicate greater muscle strength.
Measured: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (7)
Muscular Endurance - Upper Extremity
Upper extremity endurance will be assessed using the push-up test. Participants perform as many correct repetitions as possible within 1 minute. Higher repetitions indicate greater muscular endurance.
Measured: 8 weeks
Muscular Endurance - Lower Extremity
Lower extremity endurance will be assessed using the squat test. Participants perform as many correct repetitions as possible in one minute period. Higher repetitions indicate better muscular endurance.
Measured: 8 weeks
Neuromuscular Control - Upper Extremity
Upper extremity neuromuscular control will be measured using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. Participants perform hand touches over a marked line in 15 seconds. The average number of successful touches over 3 trials is recorded; higher scores indicate better neuromuscular control.
Measured: 8 weeks
Neuromuscular Control - Lower Extremity
Lower extremity neuromuscular control will be measured using the Y-Balance Test. Participants maintain balance on one leg while reaching with the other leg in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral). Average reach distances over 3 trials are recorded. Greater distances indicate better neuromuscular control.
Measured: 8 weeks
Proprioception - Knee Joint
Knee joint position sense will be assessed using digital goniometry at 15° and 60° flexion. Participants reproduce target angles with eyes closed. Absolute angular error in degrees is recorded; lower errors indicate better proprioception
Measured: 8 weeks
Proprioception - Elbow Joint
Elbow joint position sense will be assessed using digital goniometry at 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion. Absolute angular error is recorded; lower values indicate better proprioception.
Measured: 8 weeks
Participant Satisfaction and Perceived Change
Global Rating of Change (GROC) scale will be used. Participants rate perceived improvement after the exercise program on a 7-point numerical scale. Higher scores indicate greater perceived improvement.
Measured: Post-intervention (after 8 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Mar 2026
- Study start23 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Resistance ExerciseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Biruni UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to two parallel groups: a free-weight resistance exercise group and a machine-based resistance exercise group.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Begum Kara Kaya, Biruni University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07495540
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- St Project
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 21 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 27 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Free Weight and Machine-Based Exercise Effects on Muscular Parameters
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07495540
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- St Project
- Conditions
- Resistance Exercise, Neuromuscular Adaptations, Muscle, Adult
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of our study is to compare and investigate the effects of resistance exercises performed with free weights and those performed using machine systems on muscular parameters and neuromuscular control.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to two parallel groups: a free-weight resistance exercise group and a machine-based resistance exercise group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Free Weight Resistance Exercise Group | Experimental | Other: Free Weight-Based Resistance Training Group |
| Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group | Experimental | Device: Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being an individual between the ages of 18-30 years
- Being physically inactive according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (<600 MET-min/week)
- Residing in Istanbul
- Voluntary participation in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Having a neurological or cardiopulmonary system problem that prevents exercise.
- Having mental dysfunction.
- Having an acute musculoskeletal injury which limits exercise participant
- Being pregnant.
- Having answered "YES" to any question on the Exercise Readiness Questionnaire.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Machine-Based Resistance Exercise GroupParticipants will perform supervised resistance exercises using weight machines (including machine-based biceps curl, squat, and bench press) at an intensity of 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. | Device | Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group |
| Free Weight-Based Resistance Training GroupParticipants will perform supervised resistance exercises using free weights (dumbbells and barbell), including biceps curl, squat, and bench press, at an intensity of 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. | Other | Free Weight Resistance Exercise Group |
Primary outcome
Muscle Strength
Time frame: 8 weeks
Maximal voluntary strength of major muscle groups (upper and lower extremity) will be measured using 1-repetition maximum (1RM) tests for biceps curl, squat, and bench press. The heaviest weight that can be lifted once with proper form is recorded. Higher values indicate greater muscle strength.
7 secondary outcomes
Muscular Endurance - Upper Extremity
Time frame: 8 weeks
Muscular Endurance - Lower Extremity
Time frame: 8 weeks
Neuromuscular Control - Upper Extremity
Time frame: 8 weeks
Neuromuscular Control - Lower Extremity
Time frame: 8 weeks
Proprioception - Knee Joint
Time frame: 8 weeks
Proprioception - Elbow Joint
Time frame: 8 weeks
Participant Satisfaction and Perceived Change
Time frame: Post-intervention (after 8 weeks)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Mar 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Machine-Based Resistance Exercise Group and Free Weight-Based Resistance Training Group in people with Resistance Exercise and Neuromuscular Adaptations, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Begüm Kara Kaya, PhD (+905355720021, bkara@biruni.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Muscle Strength (time frame: 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Mar 2026.