Dental EducationNCT07484880
Effectiveness of D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game for Dental Education
A study testing D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game and Handout in people with Dental Education and Serious Games, run by Universitas Indonesia at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a board game-based serious game as a learning strategy to improve knowledge and study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topics in undergraduate dental students at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dental Education, Serious Games, Dental Education and Teaching Learning Processes
- What is being tested?
- D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game and Handout
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 101 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 9 Sep 2025to 8 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, from the class of 2022, 2023, and 2025.
- Students who demonstrate a clear understanding of the study's explanation provided by the researchers and are willing to participate by signing the informed consent form.
- Students who are committed to participating in all research sessions and procedures until completion
Who cannot join
- Students who are unable to participate in the entire research sequence from beginning to end.
- Students who withdraw their participation at any point during the study period.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Indonesia1 site
Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia
Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Special Capital Region, 10430
About this study
Official title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game on Antibiotics and Bacteria Knowledge: A Randomized Crossover Study Among Dental Students
The goal of this clinical trial study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a board game-based serious game as a learning strategy to improve knowledge and study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topics in undergraduate dental students at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does the "D'Antibiotika Academy" board game lead to higher post-test scores compared to traditional handout-based learning?
- Does the board game improve students' study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topic?
Researchers will compare the board game intervention group to the traditional handout (control) group to see if the game-based approach provides superior learning outcomes and higher student engagement.
Participants will:
- Complete a pre-test to measure their baseline knowledge of bacteria and antibiotics.
- Participate in a learning session using either the "D'Antibiotika Academy" board game or a conventional handout.
- Complete a post-test 1 and post-test 2 immediately after the session to measure immediate knowledge gain.
- Switch groups (crossover) after a washout period to ensure all participants experience both methods.
- Complete a study motivation questionnaire after the completion of the sessions.
Read the detailed description
Study Design and Setting:
This study was a single-blind crossover randomized controlled trial conducted at Universitas Indonesia from September to December 2025. The participants (n=101) were undergraduate dental students from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Participants were stratified by academic year and then assigned to either the HO-BG (Handout then Board Game) or BG-HO (Board Game then Handout) group using stratified random sampling. Ethical approval was secured from the Dental Research Ethics Committee, Universitas Indonesia (54/Ethical Approval/FKGUI.IX/2025).
Interventions:
The study compared two learning media with identical content regarding antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, selection, bacterial classification, and quorum sensing:
- Board Game (D'Antibiotika Academy): An interactive game played in groups of 4-5 students.
- Handout: A digital text-based learning material for independent study.
Study Protocol:
- Baseline: All participants completed a pre-test to establish baseline knowledge.
- Phase 1: The HO-BG group studied via handout independently, while the BG-HO group played the board game in a supervised two-hour session at the Health Sciences Cluster Building. Phase 1 concluded with Post-test 1.
- Washout Period: A one-week washout period was implemented to minimize carryover effects.
- Phase 2 (Crossover): The groups switched interventions. The HO-BG group played the board game, and the BG-HO group accessed the handout. After one week, all participants completed Post-test 2.
Assessment Tools:
- Knowledge Test: 40 shuffled multiple-choice questions (20 questions for antibiotic topic and 20 questions for bacteria topic) administered via Google Forms (Max score: 100).
- Motivation Questionnaire: At the study's conclusion, participants completed the Instructional Materials Motivational Survey (IMMS) based on the ARCS Model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction). Each participant evaluated both the board game and handout methods.
- Being tested
- D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game, Handout
- Keywords
- Serious Game, Dental Education, Board Game
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
D'Antibiotika Academy Board GameOther
A serious board game designed for dental students to learn about antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, and bacterial classification. The intervention is delivered in a 120-minute in two sessions supervised interactive group session.
HandoutOther
A digital text-based learning material containing identical scientific content to the D'Antibiotika Academy board game. Participants access and study the material independently
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HO-BG Group (Handout then Board Game) | Active comparator | Participants in this arm are provided with a digital text-based Handout-based learning during intervention phase 1 followed by board game learning during intervention phase 1 Receives: Other: D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game; Other: Handout |
| BG-HO Group (Board Game then Handout) | Experimental | Participants in this arm are provided with a Board game learning during intervention phase 1, followed by handout-based learning during intervention phase 2 Receives: Other: D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game; Other: Handout |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Knowledge Score
A knowledge assessment consisting of 40 multiple-choice questions, with 20 questions dedicated to antibiotic topics and 20 questions to bacterial topics. The maximum score is 100, where higher scores indicate better knowledge acquisition. This assessment was used on Pre-Test, Post-Test 1 and Post-Test 2.
Measured: -) [Day 1] baseline (pre-test) -) [Days 2-3] Intervention phase 1 (2 days), followed by Post-test 1 -) [Days 4-10] Washout periods (up to 7 days) -) [Days 11-12] Intervention Phase 2 (2 days), followed by Post-test 2
Secondary outcomes (1)
Learning Motivation Score (IMMS Questionnaire)
Evaluation of student motivation using the Instructional Materials Motivational Survey (IMMS) based on the ARCS Model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction). The survey uses a 5-point Likert scale, where higher scores represent higher levels of motivation toward the learning method. The questionnaire is administered to evaluate both the handout and the board game interventions. The questionnaire is administered once upon completion of all study sessions.
Measured: at study completion (Days 12-14)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2026
- Study start9 Sep 2025
- Primary completion20 Nov 2025
- Study completion8 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dental EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Universitas IndonesiaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two learning sequences: Sequence 1: Board game learning followed by handout-based learning. Sequence 2: Handout-based learning followed by board game learning. Each intervention session will be conducted on separate days and separated by a one-week washout period.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 101 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universitas Indonesia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rezon Yanuar, Universitas Indonesia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484880
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 54/Ethical Appr/FKGUI/IX/2025
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared because the dataset contains identifiable educational records of students and institutional policies restrict public data sharing.
Publications
Holz M, Naavaal S, Stilianoudakis S, Carrico C, Byrne BE, Myers GL. Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance: Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, and perception among students and faculty within US dental schools. J Dent Educ. 2021 Mar;85(3):383-391. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12445. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
PubMed 33044754AboAlSamh A, Alhussain A, Alanazi N, Alahmari R, Shaheen N, Adlan A. Dental Students' Knowledge and Attitudes towards Antibiotic Prescribing Guidelines in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy (Basel). 2018 May 7;6(2):42. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy6020042.
PubMed 29735914Valente P, Lora PS, Landell MF, Schiefelbein CS, Girardi FM, Souza Ldos R, Zanonato A, Scroferneker ML. A game for teaching antimicrobial mechanisms of action. Med Teach. 2009 Sep;31(9):e383-92. doi: 10.1080/01421590802637958.
PubMed 19811173Karbownik MS, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Kowalczyk E, Kwarta P, Mokros L, Pietras T. Board game versus lecture-based seminar in the teaching of pharmacology of antimicrobial drugs--a randomized controlled trial. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2016 Apr;363(7):fnw045. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnw045. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
PubMed 26912120Arayapisit T, Pojmonpiti D, Dansirisomboon K, Jitverananrangsri K, Poosontipong D, Sipiyaruk K. An educational board game for learning orofacial spaces: An experimental study comparing collaborative and competitive approaches. Anat Sci Educ. 2023 Jul-Aug;16(4):666-676. doi: 10.1002/ase.2257. Epub 2023 Feb 5.
PubMed 36695535Rutledge C, Walsh CM, Swinger N, Auerbach M, Castro D, Dewan M, Khattab M, Rake A, Harwayne-Gidansky I, Raymond TT, Maa T, Chang TP; Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (QCPR) leaderboard investigators of the International Network for Simulation-based Pediatric Innovation, Research, and Education (INSPIRE). Gamification in Action: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Medical Educators. Acad Med. 2018 Jul;93(7):1014-1020. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002183.
PubMed 29465450Imwattana K, Methawirune A, Voralakkulchai I, Ngamskulrungroj P. BactoBattle: a game-based learning companion for medical bacteriology. Access Microbiol. 2023 Jun 26;5(6):acmi000608.v3. doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000608.v3. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37424568Amir LR, Leonardy IC, Dewatmoko SN, Yanuar R, Suniarti DF, Idrus E, Sipiyaruk K, Puspitawati R. Serious game as oral histology learning strategy for undergraduate dental students; crossover randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Aug 23;23(1):585. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03286-3.
PubMed 37612722
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game on Antibiotics and Bacteria Knowledge: A Randomized Crossover Study Among Dental Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484880
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 54/Ethical Appr/FKGUI/IX/2025
- Keywords
- Serious Game, Dental Education, Board Game
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 101 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universitas IndonesiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 9 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a board game-based serious game as a learning strategy to improve knowledge and study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topics in undergraduate dental students at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the "D'Antibiotika Academy" board game lead to higher post-test scores compared to traditional handout-based learning?
- Does the board game improve students' study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topic?
Researchers will compare the board game intervention group to the traditional handout (control) group to see if the game-based approach provides superior learning outcomes and higher student engagement.
Participants will:
- Complete a pre-test to measure their baseline knowledge of bacteria and antibiotics.
- Participate in a learning session using either the "D'Antibiotika Academy" board game or a conventional handout.
- Complete a post-test 1 and post-test 2 immediately after the session to measure immediate knowledge gain.
- Switch groups (crossover) after a washout period to ensure all participants experience both methods.
- Complete a study motivation questionnaire after the completion of the sessions.
Detailed description
Study Design and Setting:
This study was a single-blind crossover randomized controlled trial conducted at Universitas Indonesia from September to December 2025. The participants (n=101) were undergraduate dental students from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Participants were stratified by academic year and then assigned to either the HO-BG (Handout then Board Game) or BG-HO (Board Game then Handout) group using stratified random sampling. Ethical approval was secured from the Dental Research Ethics Committee, Universitas Indonesia (54/Ethical Approval/FKGUI.IX/2025).
Interventions:
The study compared two learning media with identical content regarding antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, selection, bacterial classification, and quorum sensing:
- Board Game (D'Antibiotika Academy): An interactive game played in groups of 4-5 students.
- Handout: A digital text-based learning material for independent study.
Study Protocol:
- Baseline: All participants completed a pre-test to establish baseline knowledge.
- Phase 1: The HO-BG group studied via handout independently, while the BG-HO group played the board game in a supervised two-hour session at the Health Sciences Cluster Building. Phase 1 concluded with Post-test 1.
- Washout Period: A one-week washout period was implemented to minimize carryover effects.
- Phase 2 (Crossover): The groups switched interventions. The HO-BG group played the board game, and the BG-HO group accessed the handout. After one week, all participants completed Post-test 2.
Assessment Tools:
- Knowledge Test: 40 shuffled multiple-choice questions (20 questions for antibiotic topic and 20 questions for bacteria topic) administered via Google Forms (Max score: 100).
- Motivation Questionnaire: At the study's conclusion, participants completed the Instructional Materials Motivational Survey (IMMS) based on the ARCS Model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction). Each participant evaluated both the board game and handout methods.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two learning sequences: Sequence 1: Board game learning followed by handout-based learning. Sequence 2: Handout-based learning followed by board game learning. Each intervention session will be conducted on separate days and separated by a one-week washout period.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| HO-BG Group (Handout then Board Game) | Active comparator | Other: D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game, Other: HandoutParticipants in this arm are provided with a digital text-based Handout-based learning during intervention phase 1 followed by board game learning during intervention phase 1 |
| BG-HO Group (Board Game then Handout) | Experimental | Other: D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game, Other: HandoutParticipants in this arm are provided with a Board game learning during intervention phase 1, followed by handout-based learning during intervention phase 2 |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, from the class of 2022, 2023, and 2025.
- Students who demonstrate a clear understanding of the study's explanation provided by the researchers and are willing to participate by signing the informed consent form.
- Students who are committed to participating in all research sessions and procedures until completion
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Students who are unable to participate in the entire research sequence from beginning to end.
- Students who withdraw their participation at any point during the study period.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| D'Antibiotika Academy Board GameA serious board game designed for dental students to learn about antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, and bacterial classification. The intervention is delivered in a 120-minute in two sessions supervised interactive group session. | Other | BG-HO Group (Board Game then Handout), HO-BG Group (Handout then Board Game) |
| HandoutA digital text-based learning material containing identical scientific content to the D'Antibiotika Academy board game. Participants access and study the material independently | Other | BG-HO Group (Board Game then Handout), HO-BG Group (Handout then Board Game) |
Primary outcome
Knowledge Score
Time frame: -) [Day 1] baseline (pre-test) -) [Days 2-3] Intervention phase 1 (2 days), followed by Post-test 1 -) [Days 4-10] Washout periods (up to 7 days) -) [Days 11-12] Intervention Phase 2 (2 days), followed by Post-test 2
A knowledge assessment consisting of 40 multiple-choice questions, with 20 questions dedicated to antibiotic topics and 20 questions to bacterial topics. The maximum score is 100, where higher scores indicate better knowledge acquisition. This assessment was used on Pre-Test, Post-Test 1 and Post-Test 2.
1 secondary outcome
Learning Motivation Score (IMMS Questionnaire)
Time frame: at study completion (Days 12-14)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33044754Holz M, Naavaal S, Stilianoudakis S, Carrico C, Byrne BE, Myers GL. Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance: Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, and perception among students and faculty within US dental schools. J Dent Educ. 2021 Mar;85(3):383-391. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12445. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
- Background: PubMed 29735914AboAlSamh A, Alhussain A, Alanazi N, Alahmari R, Shaheen N, Adlan A. Dental Students' Knowledge and Attitudes towards Antibiotic Prescribing Guidelines in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy (Basel). 2018 May 7;6(2):42. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy6020042.
- Background: PubMed 19811173Valente P, Lora PS, Landell MF, Schiefelbein CS, Girardi FM, Souza Ldos R, Zanonato A, Scroferneker ML. A game for teaching antimicrobial mechanisms of action. Med Teach. 2009 Sep;31(9):e383-92. doi: 10.1080/01421590802637958.
- Background: PubMed 26912120Karbownik MS, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Kowalczyk E, Kwarta P, Mokros L, Pietras T. Board game versus lecture-based seminar in the teaching of pharmacology of antimicrobial drugs--a randomized controlled trial. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2016 Apr;363(7):fnw045. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnw045. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
- Background: PubMed 36695535Arayapisit T, Pojmonpiti D, Dansirisomboon K, Jitverananrangsri K, Poosontipong D, Sipiyaruk K. An educational board game for learning orofacial spaces: An experimental study comparing collaborative and competitive approaches. Anat Sci Educ. 2023 Jul-Aug;16(4):666-676. doi: 10.1002/ase.2257. Epub 2023 Feb 5.
- Background: PubMed 29465450Rutledge C, Walsh CM, Swinger N, Auerbach M, Castro D, Dewan M, Khattab M, Rake A, Harwayne-Gidansky I, Raymond TT, Maa T, Chang TP; Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (QCPR) leaderboard investigators of the International Network for Simulation-based Pediatric Innovation, Research, and Education (INSPIRE). Gamification in Action: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Medical Educators. Acad Med. 2018 Jul;93(7):1014-1020. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002183.
- Results publication: PubMed 37424568Imwattana K, Methawirune A, Voralakkulchai I, Ngamskulrungroj P. BactoBattle: a game-based learning companion for medical bacteriology. Access Microbiol. 2023 Jun 26;5(6):acmi000608.v3. doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000608.v3. eCollection 2023.
- Results publication: PubMed 37612722Amir LR, Leonardy IC, Dewatmoko SN, Yanuar R, Suniarti DF, Idrus E, Sipiyaruk K, Puspitawati R. Serious game as oral histology learning strategy for undergraduate dental students; crossover randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Aug 23;23(1):585. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03286-3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared because the dataset contains identifiable educational records of students and institutional policies restrict public data sharing.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game and Handout in people with Dental Education and Serious Games, run by Universitas Indonesia at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Knowledge Score (time frame: -) [Day 1] baseline (pre-test) -) [Days 2-3] Intervention phase 1 (2 days), followed by Post-test 1 -) [Days 4-10] Washout periods (up to 7 days) -) [Days 11-12] Intervention Phase 2 (2 days), followed by Post-test 2). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07484880, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Mar 2026.