Knee OsteoarthritisNCT07402291
Effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilizations on Knee Osteoarthritis
A study testing Mulligan's pain release phenomenon and Kaltenborn mobilization with traction in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that is prevalent in older population and is associated with pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion and impaired function. Physical therapy techniques, such as Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization are used to alleviate patient's symptoms. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- What is being tested?
- Mulligan's pain release phenomenon and Kaltenborn mobilization with traction
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 30 Jun 2025to 3 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age included between 40-65 years
- NPRS pain rating above 3
- Both Genders
- Diagnosed with Grade 1 and Grade 2 knee osteoarthritis
- Unilateral knee pain
- Pain for more than 3 months
- Decrease range of motion
Who cannot join
- Age more than 60 years
- Bilateral knee pain
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Fracture or ligamentous injury of lower extremity
- Any trauma, burn, infection or tumor around the knee
- Total knee replacement
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilizations on Pain, Range of Motion And Disability in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.
Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that is prevalent in older population and is associated with pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion and impaired function. Physical therapy techniques, such as Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization are used to alleviate patient's symptoms.
A Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted at SAP Rehab Center (Saira Memorial hospital) and Pak Health Care, Lahore. 44 participants age between 40-65 years with Knee Osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Both groups underwent treatment three times a week for total of six weeks. Group A received treatment through Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon along with conventional exercises. Group B received treatment through Kaltenborn mobilization and conventional exercises. Convectional treatment started with hot pack for 10 minutes followed by ultrasound for 8 minute, the program indcluded a series of exercises (Hamstring stretch, Gastrocnemius Stretch, Soleus Stretch and Rectus femoris Stretch all for 3 set with 10 repetitions and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercises 1 set with 10 repetitions, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises 1 set and 10 repetitions. the exercises program ended with cycling for 2 minutes. Outcome measures were conducted through NPRS for pain, WOMAC for functional disability, Universal Goniometer for range of motion at baseline and after 6 weeks. Data was analyzed through SPSS software version 27.
The aim of the study is to compare the effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with early Knee Osteoarthritis.
Read the detailed description
The objective of my study is to determine the comparative effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with early Knee Osteoarthritis.
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Being tested
- Mulligan's pain release phenomenon, Kaltenborn mobilization with traction
- Keywords
- Manual Therapy, Manual Mobilization, Disabilty, Convectional Exercises, Range of Motion
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Knee
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mulligan's pain release phenomenonOther
Experimental Group A was given Mulligan's pain release phenomenon compression techniques along with conventional therapy for 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks in total. After Hot pack for 10 mins and Ultrasound for 8 mins participants performed series of exercises included targeted muscles stretchings (Hamstrings, Quadriceps, Soleus and Rectus femoris) 10 repetitions x 3 sets and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises for 10 repetitions x 1 set followed by cycling for 2 mins.
Kaltenborn mobilization with tractionOther
Experimental Group b was given grade III Kaltenborn mobilization with traction along with conventional therapy for 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks in total. After Hot pack for 10 mins and Ultrasound for 8 mins participants performed series of exercises included targeted muscles stretchings (Hamstrings, Quadriceps, Soleus and Rectus femoris) 10 repetitions x 3 sets and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises for 10 repetitions x 1 set followed by cycling for 2 mins.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan's pain release phenomenon | Experimental | 22 participants were allocated into Experimental group A, Mulligans Pain release compression were performed for 5 repetitions with 20-30 seconds hold with 5 seconds rest. Convectional treatment included hot pack for 10 mins and ultrasound for 8 mins. Exercises includes stretches for Hamstring, Gastrocnemius, Soleus and Rectus femoris for 3 set with 10 repetitions and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises was done for 1 set of 10 repetitions and cycling was performed for 2 minutes. A total of 18 sessions were conducted for 6 weeks with 3 sessions scheduled every week. Outcome measures were measured in week 1 before the treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment. Receives: Other: Mulligan's pain release phenomenon |
| Kaltenborn mobilization with traction | Experimental | 22 participants were allocated into Experimental group B, Kaltenborn grade III mobilization with traction were performed for 10 repetitions with 3 sets treatment included hot pack for 10 mins and ultrasound for 8 mins. Exercises includes stretches for Hamstring, Gastrocnemius, Soleus and Rectus femoris for 3 set with 10 repetitions and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises was done for 1 set of 10 repetitions and cycling was performed for 2 minutes. A total of 18 sessions were conducted for 6 weeks with 3 sessions scheduled every week. Outcome measures were measured in week 1 before the treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment. Receives: Other: Kaltenborn mobilization with traction |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale is a uni dimensional measure of pain severity in adults, including those with chronic pain caused by rheumatic disorders. It is a 11 point numeric scale ranging from "0" representing no pain and "10" worst pain possible. In this questionnaire the respondent selects a whole number from 0-10 that best reflects their intensity of pain, 1-3 means mild pain, 4-6 indicates moderate and 7-10 means severe pain.
Measured: 6 weeks
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index is widely used is evaluation of hip and knee osteoarthritis. This questionnaire have 24 items with 3 sub scales, measure pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items) and and physical function (17 items).
Measured: 6 weeks
ROM Knee (Flexion)
Change from Baseline ROM of Knee Flexion was taken with the help of Universal Goniometer
Measured: 6 weeks
ROM Knee (Extension)
Change from Baseline ROM of Knee Extension was taken with the help of Universal Goniometer
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Feb 2026
- Study start30 Jun 2025
- Primary completion3 Oct 2025
- Study completion3 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (18)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Knee OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ameena Amjad, Ph.D, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07402291
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0199
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 4 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 11 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Taj S, Anwar K, Arshad H, Khalid M, Ali MQ, Hussain E. Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization versus Pain release phenomena for pain, range of motion and disability in early knee osteoarthritis. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2023;17(01):30-.
Bacon K, LaValley MP, Jafarzadeh SR, Felson D. Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much? Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug;79(8):1105-1110. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217363. Epub 2020 May 7.
PubMed 32381567Sherazi F, Waqar S, Khalid M, Saleem K, Kiani SK, Shahzad M. Effect of knee joint mobilization on hamstring muscle length in patient with knee osteoarthritis. The Rehabilitation Journal. 2022;6(04):468-73.
Abramoff B, Caldera FE. Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am. 2020 Mar;104(2):293-311. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007. Epub 2019 Dec 18.
PubMed 32035570Olsson S, Akbarian E, Lind A, Razavian AS, Gordon M. Automating classification of osteoarthritis according to Kellgren-Lawrence in the knee using deep learning in an unfiltered adult population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 Oct 2;22(1):844. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04722-7.
PubMed 34600505Callahan LF, Cleveland RJ, Allen KD, Golightly Y. Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities in the Epidemiology of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Feb;47(1):1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
PubMed 34042049Berteau JP. Knee Pain from Osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Recent Evidence on Physical Therapy Interventions. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 7;11(12):3252. doi: 10.3390/jcm11123252.
PubMed 35743322Xie R, Yao H, Mao AS, Zhu Y, Qi D, Jia Y, Gao M, Chen Y, Wang L, Wang DA, Wang K, Liu S, Ren L, Mao C. Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis. Nat Biomed Eng. 2021 Oct;5(10):1189-1201. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00785-y. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
PubMed 34608279Sanchez-Lopez E, Coras R, Torres A, Lane NE, Guma M. Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 May;18(5):258-275. doi: 10.1038/s41584-022-00749-9. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
PubMed 35165404Hendrika W, Reswari A. The effect of physiotherapy on pain improvement in patients with early knee osteoarthritis at RSU UKI. International Journal of Medical and Health Research. 2021;7(6):52-9.
Ozden F, Nadiye Karaman O, Tugay N, Yalin Kilinc C, Mihriban Kilinc R, Umut Tugay B. The relationship of radiographic findings with pain, function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Jul;11(Suppl 4):S512-S517. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.04.006. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
PubMed 32774020Geng R, Li J, Yu C, Zhang C, Chen F, Chen J, Ni H, Wang J, Kang K, Wei Z, Xu Y, Jin T. Knee osteoarthritis: Current status and research progress in treatment (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2023 Aug 25;26(4):481. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12180. eCollection 2023 Oct.
PubMed 37745043Elboim-Gabyzon M, Nahhas F. Laser therapy versus pulsed electromagnetic field therapy as treatment modalities for early knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2023 Mar 16;23(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03568-5.
PubMed 36922781Umar M, Anwar A, Khan N, Marryam M, Rashid H. Effectiveness Of Kaltenborn Mobilization Versus Muscle Energy Technique On Shoulder Range Of Motion In Adhesive Capsulitis. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College. 2023;27(3).
Anwar S, Javaid M, Malik S, Asghar MU, Perveen W, Chaudary M. Effects of mulligan pain release phenomenon technique in management of patellofemoral pain syndrome: RCT. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022;16(03):72-.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilizations on Pain, Range of Motion And Disability in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07402291
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0199
- Conditions
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Keywords
- Manual Therapy, Manual Mobilization, Disabilty, Convectional Exercises, Range of Motion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that is prevalent in older population and is associated with pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion and impaired function. Physical therapy techniques, such as Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization are used to alleviate patient's symptoms.
A Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted at SAP Rehab Center (Saira Memorial hospital) and Pak Health Care, Lahore. 44 participants age between 40-65 years with Knee Osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Both groups underwent treatment three times a week for total of six weeks. Group A received treatment through Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon along with conventional exercises. Group B received treatment through Kaltenborn mobilization and conventional exercises. Convectional treatment started with hot pack for 10 minutes followed by ultrasound for 8 minute, the program indcluded a series of exercises (Hamstring stretch, Gastrocnemius Stretch, Soleus Stretch and Rectus femoris Stretch all for 3 set with 10 repetitions and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercises 1 set with 10 repetitions, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises 1 set and 10 repetitions. the exercises program ended with cycling for 2 minutes. Outcome measures were conducted through NPRS for pain, WOMAC for functional disability, Universal Goniometer for range of motion at baseline and after 6 weeks. Data was analyzed through SPSS software version 27.
The aim of the study is to compare the effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with early Knee Osteoarthritis.
Detailed description
The objective of my study is to determine the comparative effects of Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomenon and Kaltenborn Mobilization on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with early Knee Osteoarthritis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan's pain release phenomenon | Experimental | Other: Mulligan's pain release phenomenon22 participants were allocated into Experimental group A, Mulligans Pain release compression were performed for 5 repetitions with 20-30 seconds hold with 5 seconds rest. Convectional treatment included hot pack for 10 mins and ultrasound for 8 mins. Exercises includes stretches for Hamstring, Gastrocnemius, Soleus and Rectus femoris for 3 set with 10 repetitions and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises was done for 1 set of 10 repetitions and cycling was performed for 2 minutes. A total of 18 sessions were conducted for 6 weeks with 3 sessions scheduled every week. Outcome measures were measured in week 1 before the treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment. |
| Kaltenborn mobilization with traction | Experimental | Other: Kaltenborn mobilization with traction22 participants were allocated into Experimental group B, Kaltenborn grade III mobilization with traction were performed for 10 repetitions with 3 sets treatment included hot pack for 10 mins and ultrasound for 8 mins. Exercises includes stretches for Hamstring, Gastrocnemius, Soleus and Rectus femoris for 3 set with 10 repetitions and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises was done for 1 set of 10 repetitions and cycling was performed for 2 minutes. A total of 18 sessions were conducted for 6 weeks with 3 sessions scheduled every week. Outcome measures were measured in week 1 before the treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age included between 40-65 years
- NPRS pain rating above 3
- Both Genders
- Diagnosed with Grade 1 and Grade 2 knee osteoarthritis
- Unilateral knee pain
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age more than 60 years
- Bilateral knee pain
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Fracture or ligamentous injury of lower extremity
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan's pain release phenomenonExperimental Group A was given Mulligan's pain release phenomenon compression techniques along with conventional therapy for 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks in total. After Hot pack for 10 mins and Ultrasound for 8 mins participants performed series of exercises included targeted muscles stretchings (Hamstrings, Quadriceps, Soleus and Rectus femoris) 10 repetitions x 3 sets and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises for 10 repetitions x 1 set followed by cycling for 2 mins. | Other | Mulligan's pain release phenomenon |
| Kaltenborn mobilization with tractionExperimental Group b was given grade III Kaltenborn mobilization with traction along with conventional therapy for 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks in total. After Hot pack for 10 mins and Ultrasound for 8 mins participants performed series of exercises included targeted muscles stretchings (Hamstrings, Quadriceps, Soleus and Rectus femoris) 10 repetitions x 3 sets and 10 seconds hold. Quadricep setting exercise, Full arc extension and Straight leg raises for 10 repetitions x 1 set followed by cycling for 2 mins. | Other | Kaltenborn mobilization with traction |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Time frame: 6 weeks
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale is a uni dimensional measure of pain severity in adults, including those with chronic pain caused by rheumatic disorders. It is a 11 point numeric scale ranging from "0" representing no pain and "10" worst pain possible. In this questionnaire the respondent selects a whole number from 0-10 that best reflects their intensity of pain, 1-3 means mild pain, 4-6 indicates moderate and 7-10 means severe pain.
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index is widely used is evaluation of hip and knee osteoarthritis. This questionnaire have 24 items with 3 sub scales, measure pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items) and and physical function (17 items).
ROM Knee (Flexion)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from Baseline ROM of Knee Flexion was taken with the help of Universal Goniometer
ROM Knee (Extension)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Change from Baseline ROM of Knee Extension was taken with the help of Universal Goniometer
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Feb 2026.
- BackgroundTaj S, Anwar K, Arshad H, Khalid M, Ali MQ, Hussain E. Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization versus Pain release phenomena for pain, range of motion and disability in early knee osteoarthritis. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2023;17(01):30-.
- Background: PubMed 32381567Bacon K, LaValley MP, Jafarzadeh SR, Felson D. Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much? Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug;79(8):1105-1110. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217363. Epub 2020 May 7.
- BackgroundSherazi F, Waqar S, Khalid M, Saleem K, Kiani SK, Shahzad M. Effect of knee joint mobilization on hamstring muscle length in patient with knee osteoarthritis. The Rehabilitation Journal. 2022;6(04):468-73.
- Background: PubMed 32035570Abramoff B, Caldera FE. Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am. 2020 Mar;104(2):293-311. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007. Epub 2019 Dec 18.
- Background: PubMed 34600505Olsson S, Akbarian E, Lind A, Razavian AS, Gordon M. Automating classification of osteoarthritis according to Kellgren-Lawrence in the knee using deep learning in an unfiltered adult population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 Oct 2;22(1):844. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04722-7.
- Background: PubMed 34042049Callahan LF, Cleveland RJ, Allen KD, Golightly Y. Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities in the Epidemiology of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Feb;47(1):1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
- Background: PubMed 35743322Berteau JP. Knee Pain from Osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Recent Evidence on Physical Therapy Interventions. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 7;11(12):3252. doi: 10.3390/jcm11123252.
- Background: PubMed 34608279Xie R, Yao H, Mao AS, Zhu Y, Qi D, Jia Y, Gao M, Chen Y, Wang L, Wang DA, Wang K, Liu S, Ren L, Mao C. Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis. Nat Biomed Eng. 2021 Oct;5(10):1189-1201. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00785-y. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
- Background: PubMed 35165404Sanchez-Lopez E, Coras R, Torres A, Lane NE, Guma M. Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 May;18(5):258-275. doi: 10.1038/s41584-022-00749-9. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
- BackgroundHendrika W, Reswari A. The effect of physiotherapy on pain improvement in patients with early knee osteoarthritis at RSU UKI. International Journal of Medical and Health Research. 2021;7(6):52-9.
- Background: PubMed 32774020Ozden F, Nadiye Karaman O, Tugay N, Yalin Kilinc C, Mihriban Kilinc R, Umut Tugay B. The relationship of radiographic findings with pain, function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Jul;11(Suppl 4):S512-S517. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.04.006. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
- Background: PubMed 37745043Geng R, Li J, Yu C, Zhang C, Chen F, Chen J, Ni H, Wang J, Kang K, Wei Z, Xu Y, Jin T. Knee osteoarthritis: Current status and research progress in treatment (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2023 Aug 25;26(4):481. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12180. eCollection 2023 Oct.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ameena Amjad, Ph.D principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mulligan's pain release phenomenon and Kaltenborn mobilization with traction in people with Knee Osteoarthritis, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07402291, which also lists 18 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Feb 2026.