Physical FunctionNCT07278141
Effects of Resistance and Dual-Task Training on Physical, Oculomotor, and Executive Functions in Older Adults With MCI
A study testing Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) and Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual Task in people with Physical Function and Executive Function (Cognition), run by Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile at 2 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effect of a combined therapeutic intervention program with anaerobic exercises (resistance exercises) and dual tasks on the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 to 90 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Function, Executive Function (Cognition), Saccadic Eye Movements
- What is being tested?
- Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) and Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual Task
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- 17 Jan 2026to 17 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 to 90 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Men and women aged 60 years or older
- Score between 10 and 25 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale
- Provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Visual or auditory disability that impedes communication
- Previous diagnosis of dementia
- Wheelchair use
- Epilepsy
- Progressive or terminal illness
- Depression
Show all 11Show fewer
- History of alcoholism
- Musculoskeletal or cardiovascular contraindications for strength exercises
- Color blindness
- Dyslexia
- Severe mental or cognitive problems supported by medical reports
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 2 countries. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Arnal-Gómez A Anna, PhD contact
2 sites in 2 countries
Chile1 site
Arica- Chile y Valencia -España
Arica, Arica y Parinacota Region, 1000000
Jorquera-Caceres I Ivonne, MSc, +56981390837, ivonnejorquera@santotomas.cl
Arnal-Gómez A Anna, PhD, anna.arnal@uv.es
Spain1 site
Valencia-Spain
Valencia, Valencia, 46001
Arnal-Gomez A Anna, PhD, anna.arnal@uv.es
Espì L Gemma, PhD, gemma.espi@uv.es
About this study
Official title: Study Protocol: Effects of Combined Resistance Training and Dual-Task Interventions on Physical, Oculomotor, and Executive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effect of a combined therapeutic intervention program with anaerobic exercises (resistance exercises) and dual tasks on the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- How effective will a therapeutic intervention program combining resistance exercises with dual tasks be in improving the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in the community? Researchers will compare the effectiveness of a resistance exercise training program combined with dual tasks versus a resistance-only exercise training program to see if it improves the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Participants Will:
- Receive resistance exercises, resistance exercises combined with dual tasks. or the standard health care. The intervention programs will consist of 3 weekly sessions over 8 weeks.
- Before the start and after the completion of the programs, they will be evaluated using a battery of tests. This includes sociodemographic and general health background, physical fitness tests, as well as assessments of executive functions and oculomotor Saccadic movements and anti-saccadic error.
- be required to sign a consent form.
Read the detailed description
A randomized clinical trial will be conducted with two experimental groups and one control group. The target population will be older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in the communities of Arica (Chile) and Valencia (Spain). All participants must score between 10 and 25 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
The sample size was calculated using statistical software, based on mean differences reported in prior studies on training and dual tasks in older adults. A minimum of 11 participants per group was established, adjusted for a 20% dropout rate, a significance level of 0.01, and a statistical power of 0.9.
In each city, 33 participants (men and women in a 1:1 ratio) will be recruited. Random distribution by gender will assign participants to three groups:
EGR: Resistance exercises only.
EGRD: Resistance exercises combined with dual tasks (cognitive tasks).
CG: Control group, receiving standard health care during the study and, upon completion, the best-evaluated therapeutic intervention.
Procedure The study will last 12 weeks: two weeks for baseline measurements (pre-test), eight weeks for training protocols, and two weeks for final measurements (post-test). Evaluations will include sociodemographic and health data, functional physical condition tests, executive function assessments, and saccadic and anti-saccadic eye movement measures.
Interventions will be conducted at the physiotherapy faculties of the participating universities, supervised by experienced professionals blinded to group allocation. Participants will be asked not to engage in physical exercise outside the study protocols during evaluation weeks.
Hypotheses
Primary: The combined intervention of resistance exercises and dual tasks is more effective than isolated resistance training in improving physical, executive, and oculomotor functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Secondary: The combined intervention produces greater improvements in executive function tasks (Stroop Test, Corsi Block-Tapping Test, Trail Making Test) compared to resistance training alone.
Intervention Program
The intervention will last eight weeks, with three weekly sessions (20-24 sessions total). Each resistance training session will last one hour, divided into:
Warm-up: Joint mobility and basic movements; Resistance training: Exercises with external load; Cool-down: Breathing exercises and stretching.
Exercises will target flexor and extensor groups of the elbow and knee, including bilateral leg press, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion/extension. Three sets of eight repetitions will be performed for each muscle group. Training intensity will begin at 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) and progress to 80% by week 7, adjusted every two weeks based on new strength evaluations and perceived exertion.
The combined group (EGRD) will follow the same physical protocol, incorporating memory and arithmetic tasks during exercise execution.
Assessment Instruments
Functional physical condition: Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and grip strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer.
Executive functions: Inhibitory control: Stroop Test, with three conditions (word, color, word-color); Working memory: Corsi Block-Tapping Test (CBTT), assessing visuo-spatial memory sequences; Cognitive flexibility: Trail Making Test (TMT-A and TMT-B), evaluating speed, attention, and alternation.
Oculomotor function: Electrooculography (EOG) will record saccadic and anti-saccadic movements using surface electrodes and controlled visual stimuli.
Statistical Analysis Population data will be presented as means for continuous variables and prevalence for categorical variables, with 95% confidence intervals. Inferential analyses will consider normality and homoscedasticity to determine parametric or non-parametric tests. A blinded researcher will conduct all analyses using IBM SPSS version 27.
- Being tested
- Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise), Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual Task
- Keywords
- combination training, Dual-Task, Physical-Cognitive Training, aging, older adult, Timed Up & Go, executive function, Resistance Training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise)Procedure or surgery
The intervention period will last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. Each resistance training session will last one hour and will consist of three parts: the first part will include joint mobility and basic preparatory movements; the second part will involve the resistance training itself (with added weight); and finally, the third part will feature breathing exercises and stretches as a cool-down. Weighted exercises will focus on the elbow flexor/extensor groups and the knee flexor/extensor groups through bilateral leg presses, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion-extension exercises, performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each muscle group trained. The training intensity for the first two weeks will be set at 60% of 1RM and will then be increased to the target intensity (80% of 1RM) by at least week 7 of the training. To ensure that the training program is progressive, a 1RM strength evaluation will be performed every two weeks, to adjust the training load.
Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual TaskCombination product
The anaerobic (resistance) exercise training group combined with dual tasks will follow the same protocol as the previously described anaerobic therapeutic exercise training and will additionally incorporate memory and arithmetic tasks concurrently during the exercises. The intervention period will also last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, and each training session will last one hour (Pantoja-Cardoso et al. 2023).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group EGR (Experimental group resistance exercises) | Experimental | EGR will receive only anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercises) for 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. The exercises will focus on the elbow flexor/extensor groups and the knee flexor/extensor groups, using a bilateral leg press, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion-extension exercises, performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each trained muscle group. Receives: Procedure: Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) |
| The EGRD group (Experimental group: resistance exercise plus dual tasks) | Experimental | The EGRD group (experimental group: resistance exercise plus dual tasks) will receive 8 weeks of anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercises) combined with dual tasks during sessions. They will perform the same exercise protocol as the EGR group and concurrently add memory and arithmetic tasks during the exercises. Receives: Combination Product: Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual Task |
| The CG Group (control group) | No intervention | The control group (CG) will receive usual health care during the intervention period; however, they will receive the best evaluated therapeutic intervention at the end of the study. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Physical-functional condition - Risk of falls
The physical-functional condition, specifically the risk of falls of participants will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Description: Time in seconds required to stand up from a chair, walk three meters, turn, return, and sit down. Unit of Measure: Seconds (s)
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11),
Executive function - Inhibitory control
Participants' inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop Colour Test. Performance will be evaluated through response time. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms)
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11-12)
Oculomotor Function- Saccadic and anti-saccadic oculomotor movement
Saccadic and anti-saccadic eye movements will be assessed using a non-invasive electrooculography (EOG) system (ADInstruments PTK15 EOG model and AD Instruments Brazil PowerLab T26-3079). Two surface electrodes will be placed at the outer canthi of the right and left eyes, with a ground electrode positioned on the forehead. Synchronization between target illumination and EOG signals will be controlled using LabChart software (version 7, Research Ltd.). Performance will be evaluated based on movement latency during visual tasks: left-to-right for saccadic movements and right-to-left for anti-saccadic movements. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms).
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11)
Physical - functional condition - Physical function
The Physical-functional condition, specifically Participants' physical function will be assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).
Description: Composite score evaluating balance, gait speed, and lower limb strength. Unit of Measure: Points on a scale (0-12).
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11)
Physical - functional condition - Grip Strength
The Physical-functional condition, specifically the grip strenght of particiants will be assesment with the JAMAR dynamometer. Description: Maximum grip strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer. Unit of Measure: Kilograms (kg)
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11)
Executive Function - Working Memory
Working memory will be assessed using the Corsi Block-Tapping Test (CBTT), administered in both forward and backward conditions. Performance will be evaluated based on response time for each condition. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms)
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11-12)
Executive Function - Cognitive Flexibility
Cognitive flexibility will be assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT). Performance will be evaluated through completion time for Part A (numbers only) and Part B (numbers and letters alternating). Unit of Measure: Miliseconds (ms).
Measured: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11-12)
Secondary outcomes (5)
Sociodemographic variable - Age
Age of participants recorded during the first meeting. Unit of Measure: Years
Measured: Baseline
Sociodemographic variable - Sex
Sex of participants recorded during the first meeting. Unit of Measure: Male/Female (categorical variable).
Measured: Baseline
Sociodemographic variables-Educational Level
Highest educational level attained by participants. Unit of Measure: Categorical variable (e.g., primary, secondary, higher education).
Measured: Baseline
Health indicators- Comorbidities
Presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia, collected through validated questionnaires. Unit of Measure: Presence/absence (binary categorical variable).
Measured: Baseline
Anthropometric variable- Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI calculated according to WHO protocols as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²). Unit of Measure: kg/m²
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Dec 2025
- Study start17 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion17 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion17 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Physical FunctionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The intervention period will last 8 weeks, with therapeutic intervention programs consisting of 3 weekly sessions. The older adults (OA) of EGR group will receive a minimum of 20 sessions, with a maximum of up to 24 sessions. Each resistance training session will last one hour and will consist of three parts: Preparation (joint mobility and basic movements for warm-up), Resistance Training (Implementing added weight exercises), Cool Down (breathing exercises and stretches). Weight exercises will focus on the flexor/extensor groups of the elbow and the flexor/extensor groups of the knee, through bilateral leg presses, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexo-extensions. These exercises will be performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each trained muscle group. The combined resistance training group with dual-task exercises (EGRD) will follow the same exercise protocol and additionally incorporate memory and arithmetic tasks. The CG will receive the usual care.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Valencia
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ivonne Andrea Jorquera Cáceres, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Investigators
- Jorquera-Caceres I Ivonne, MSc, Study director, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07278141
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 4126162
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 8 May 2025
- Last updated
- 11 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Personal information and data for all experiments are handled by the personal information manager director of Valencia University. Access to information requires a key that is securely kept and has limited access. These internal checks and balances ensure the security of all data and personal information. After the experimental period ends, the data will be consolidated. Any information linking data backto the participant will be discarded to ensure that the data are truly anonymous.
Publications
Voos MC, Custodio EB, Malaquias J Jr. Relationship of executive function and educational status with functional balance in older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2011 Jan-Mar;34(1):11-8. doi: 10.1097/JPT.0b013e3181ff2452.
PubMed 21937887Vandierendonck A. Working memory benchmarks-A missed opportunity: Comment on Oberauer et al. (2018). Psychol Bull. 2018 Sep;144(9):963-971. doi: 10.1037/bul0000159.
PubMed 30148381Heath M, Weiler J, Gregory MA, Gill DP, Petrella RJ. A Six-Month Cognitive-Motor and Aerobic Exercise Program Improves Executive Function in Persons with an Objective Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Investigation Using the Antisaccade Task. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 Oct 4;54(3):923-931. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160288.
PubMed 27567829Glisky EL, Alexander GE, Hou M, Kawa K, Woolverton CB, Zigman EK, Nguyen LA, Haws K, Figueredo AJ, Ryan L. Differences between young and older adults in unity and diversity of executive functions. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2021 Nov;28(6):829-854. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1830936. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
PubMed 33028159
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Study Protocol: Effects of Combined Resistance Training and Dual-Task Interventions on Physical, Oculomotor, and Executive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07278141
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 4126162
- Keywords
- combination training, Dual-Task, Physical-Cognitive Training, aging, older adult, Timed Up & Go, executive function, Resistance Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad Santo Tomas, ChileUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Valencia
- Study start
- 17 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 17 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 17 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 11 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effect of a combined therapeutic intervention program with anaerobic exercises (resistance exercises) and dual tasks on the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- How effective will a therapeutic intervention program combining resistance exercises with dual tasks be in improving the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in the community? Researchers will compare the effectiveness of a resistance exercise training program combined with dual tasks versus a resistance-only exercise training program to see if it improves the physical, oculomotor, and executive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Participants Will:
- Receive resistance exercises, resistance exercises combined with dual tasks. or the standard health care. The intervention programs will consist of 3 weekly sessions over 8 weeks.
- Before the start and after the completion of the programs, they will be evaluated using a battery of tests. This includes sociodemographic and general health background, physical fitness tests, as well as assessments of executive functions and oculomotor Saccadic movements and anti-saccadic error.
- be required to sign a consent form.
Detailed description
A randomized clinical trial will be conducted with two experimental groups and one control group. The target population will be older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in the communities of Arica (Chile) and Valencia (Spain). All participants must score between 10 and 25 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
The sample size was calculated using statistical software, based on mean differences reported in prior studies on training and dual tasks in older adults. A minimum of 11 participants per group was established, adjusted for a 20% dropout rate, a significance level of 0.01, and a statistical power of 0.9.
In each city, 33 participants (men and women in a 1:1 ratio) will be recruited. Random distribution by gender will assign participants to three groups:
EGR: Resistance exercises only.
EGRD: Resistance exercises combined with dual tasks (cognitive tasks).
CG: Control group, receiving standard health care during the study and, upon completion, the best-evaluated therapeutic intervention.
Procedure The study will last 12 weeks: two weeks for baseline measurements (pre-test), eight weeks for training protocols, and two weeks for final measurements (post-test). Evaluations will include sociodemographic and health data, functional physical condition tests, executive function assessments, and saccadic and anti-saccadic eye movement measures.
Interventions will be conducted at the physiotherapy faculties of the participating universities, supervised by experienced professionals blinded to group allocation. Participants will be asked not to engage in physical exercise outside the study protocols during evaluation weeks.
Hypotheses
Primary: The combined intervention of resistance exercises and dual tasks is more effective than isolated resistance training in improving physical, executive, and oculomotor functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Secondary: The combined intervention produces greater improvements in executive function tasks (Stroop Test, Corsi Block-Tapping Test, Trail Making Test) compared to resistance training alone.
Intervention Program
The intervention will last eight weeks, with three weekly sessions (20-24 sessions total). Each resistance training session will last one hour, divided into:
Warm-up: Joint mobility and basic movements; Resistance training: Exercises with external load; Cool-down: Breathing exercises and stretching.
Exercises will target flexor and extensor groups of the elbow and knee, including bilateral leg press, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion/extension. Three sets of eight repetitions will be performed for each muscle group. Training intensity will begin at 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) and progress to 80% by week 7, adjusted every two weeks based on new strength evaluations and perceived exertion.
The combined group (EGRD) will follow the same physical protocol, incorporating memory and arithmetic tasks during exercise execution.
Assessment Instruments
Functional physical condition: Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and grip strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer.
Executive functions: Inhibitory control: Stroop Test, with three conditions (word, color, word-color); Working memory: Corsi Block-Tapping Test (CBTT), assessing visuo-spatial memory sequences; Cognitive flexibility: Trail Making Test (TMT-A and TMT-B), evaluating speed, attention, and alternation.
Oculomotor function: Electrooculography (EOG) will record saccadic and anti-saccadic movements using surface electrodes and controlled visual stimuli.
Statistical Analysis Population data will be presented as means for continuous variables and prevalence for categorical variables, with 95% confidence intervals. Inferential analyses will consider normality and homoscedasticity to determine parametric or non-parametric tests. A blinded researcher will conduct all analyses using IBM SPSS version 27.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- The intervention period will last 8 weeks, with therapeutic intervention programs consisting of 3 weekly sessions. The older adults (OA) of EGR group will receive a minimum of 20 sessions, with a maximum of up to 24 sessions. Each resistance training session will last one hour and will consist of three parts: Preparation (joint mobility and basic movements for warm-up), Resistance Training (Implementing added weight exercises), Cool Down (breathing exercises and stretches). Weight exercises will focus on the flexor/extensor groups of the elbow and the flexor/extensor groups of the knee, through bilateral leg presses, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexo-extensions. These exercises will be performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each trained muscle group. The combined resistance training group with dual-task exercises (EGRD) will follow the same exercise protocol and additionally incorporate memory and arithmetic tasks. The CG will receive the usual care.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group EGR (Experimental group resistance exercises) | Experimental | Procedure: Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise)EGR will receive only anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercises) for 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. The exercises will focus on the elbow flexor/extensor groups and the knee flexor/extensor groups, using a bilateral leg press, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion-extension exercises, performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each trained muscle group. |
| The EGRD group (Experimental group: resistance exercise plus dual tasks) | Experimental | Combination Product: Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual TaskThe EGRD group (experimental group: resistance exercise plus dual tasks) will receive 8 weeks of anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercises) combined with dual tasks during sessions. They will perform the same exercise protocol as the EGR group and concurrently add memory and arithmetic tasks during the exercises. |
| The CG Group (control group) | No intervention | –The control group (CG) will receive usual health care during the intervention period; however, they will receive the best evaluated therapeutic intervention at the end of the study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 to 90 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Men and women aged 60 years or older
- Score between 10 and 25 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale
- Provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Visual or auditory disability that impedes communication
- Previous diagnosis of dementia
- Wheelchair use
- Epilepsy
- Progressive or terminal illness
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise)The intervention period will last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. Each resistance training session will last one hour and will consist of three parts: the first part will include joint mobility and basic preparatory movements; the second part will involve the resistance training itself (with added weight); and finally, the third part will feature breathing exercises and stretches as a cool-down. Weighted exercises will focus on the elbow flexor/extensor groups and the knee flexor/extensor groups through bilateral leg presses, unilateral knee extensions, and bilateral elbow flexion-extension exercises, performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions for each muscle group trained. The training intensity for the first two weeks will be set at 60% of 1RM and will then be increased to the target intensity (80% of 1RM) by at least week 7 of the training. To ensure that the training program is progressive, a 1RM strength evaluation will be performed every two weeks, to adjust the training load. | Procedure or surgery | Intervention Group EGR (Experimental group resistance exercises) |
| Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual TaskThe anaerobic (resistance) exercise training group combined with dual tasks will follow the same protocol as the previously described anaerobic therapeutic exercise training and will additionally incorporate memory and arithmetic tasks concurrently during the exercises. The intervention period will also last 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, and each training session will last one hour (Pantoja-Cardoso et al. 2023). | Combination product | The EGRD group (Experimental group: resistance exercise plus dual tasks) |
Primary outcome
Physical-functional condition - Risk of falls
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11),
The physical-functional condition, specifically the risk of falls of participants will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Description: Time in seconds required to stand up from a chair, walk three meters, turn, return, and sit down. Unit of Measure: Seconds (s)
Executive function - Inhibitory control
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11-12)
Participants' inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop Colour Test. Performance will be evaluated through response time. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms)
Oculomotor Function- Saccadic and anti-saccadic oculomotor movement
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11)
Saccadic and anti-saccadic eye movements will be assessed using a non-invasive electrooculography (EOG) system (ADInstruments PTK15 EOG model and AD Instruments Brazil PowerLab T26-3079). Two surface electrodes will be placed at the outer canthi of the right and left eyes, with a ground electrode positioned on the forehead. Synchronization between target illumination and EOG signals will be controlled using LabChart software (version 7, Research Ltd.). Performance will be evaluated based on movement latency during visual tasks: left-to-right for saccadic movements and right-to-left for anti-saccadic movements. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms).
Physical - functional condition - Physical function
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11)
The Physical-functional condition, specifically Participants' physical function will be assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Description: Composite score evaluating balance, gait speed, and lower limb strength. Unit of Measure: Points on a scale (0-12).
Physical - functional condition - Grip Strength
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11)
The Physical-functional condition, specifically the grip strenght of particiants will be assesment with the JAMAR dynamometer. Description: Maximum grip strength measured with a hydraulic dynamometer. Unit of Measure: Kilograms (kg)
Executive Function - Working Memory
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11-12)
Working memory will be assessed using the Corsi Block-Tapping Test (CBTT), administered in both forward and backward conditions. Performance will be evaluated based on response time for each condition. Unit of Measure: Milliseconds (ms)
Executive Function - Cognitive Flexibility
Time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11-12)
Cognitive flexibility will be assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT). Performance will be evaluated through completion time for Part A (numbers only) and Part B (numbers and letters alternating). Unit of Measure: Miliseconds (ms).
5 secondary outcomes
Sociodemographic variable - Age
Time frame: Baseline
Sociodemographic variable - Sex
Time frame: Baseline
Sociodemographic variables-Educational Level
Time frame: Baseline
Health indicators- Comorbidities
Time frame: Baseline
Anthropometric variable- Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Dec 2025.
- Background: PubMed 21937887Voos MC, Custodio EB, Malaquias J Jr. Relationship of executive function and educational status with functional balance in older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2011 Jan-Mar;34(1):11-8. doi: 10.1097/JPT.0b013e3181ff2452.
- Background: PubMed 30148381Vandierendonck A. Working memory benchmarks-A missed opportunity: Comment on Oberauer et al. (2018). Psychol Bull. 2018 Sep;144(9):963-971. doi: 10.1037/bul0000159.
- Background: PubMed 27567829Heath M, Weiler J, Gregory MA, Gill DP, Petrella RJ. A Six-Month Cognitive-Motor and Aerobic Exercise Program Improves Executive Function in Persons with an Objective Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Investigation Using the Antisaccade Task. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 Oct 4;54(3):923-931. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160288.
- Background: PubMed 33028159Glisky EL, Alexander GE, Hou M, Kawa K, Woolverton CB, Zigman EK, Nguyen LA, Haws K, Figueredo AJ, Ryan L. Differences between young and older adults in unity and diversity of executive functions. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2021 Nov;28(6):829-854. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1830936. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Personal information and data for all experiments are handled by the personal information manager director of Valencia University. Access to information requires a key that is securely kept and has limited access. These internal checks and balances ensure the security of all data and personal information. After the experimental period ends, the data will be consolidated. Any information linking data backto the participant will be discarded to ensure that the data are truly anonymous.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Arnal-Gómez A Anna, PhD contact
Jorquera-Caceres I Ivonne, MSc study director
Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
2 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) and Anaerobic therapeutic exercises (resistance exercise) plus Dual Task in people with Physical Function and Executive Function (Cognition), run by Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile at 2 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Chile, Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Jorquera-Caceres I Ivonne, MSc (+56981390837, ivonnejorquera@santotomas.cl), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Physical-functional condition - Risk of falls (time frame: Baseline, and immediately post-intervention (week 11),). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07278141, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Dec 2025.