Sarcopenia in ElderlyNCT07253714
THE EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE EXERCISE TRAINING ON CERVICAL PROPRIOCEPTION, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND PAIN CATASTROPHIZING LEVELS IN SARCOPENIC GERIATRIC INDIVIDUALS RESIDING IN NURSING HOMES
A study testing Classic exercises and Proprioceptive exercise training in people with Sarcopenia in Elderly, run by Atılım University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study investigated the effects of cervical proprioceptive exercise training on cervical proprioception, kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising in sarcopenic nursing home residents. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Sarcopenia in Elderly
- What is being tested?
- Classic exercises and Proprioceptive exercise training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 31 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 23 Apr 2024to 30 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 65 years of age or older,
- Being diagnosed with sarcopenia,
- Having at least 91 points or more according to the Barthel daily living activities index (being mildly dependent or completely independent),
- Having 24 points or more according to the mini mental assessment, which is considered mentally healthy.
Who cannot join
- Having a disability (such as limb, vision, hearing loss),
- Having a serious neurological, orthopedic or rheumatological disorder that may affect proprioception,
- Having uncontrolled hypertension/diabetes,
- Having pain in the spine and/or extremities,
- Having a psychiatric disease diagnosis.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Nevia Oran Nursing Home
Ankara, çankaya, 06530
About this study
This study investigated the effects of cervical proprioceptive exercise training on cervical proprioception, kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising in sarcopenic nursing home residents.
In this randomized controlled study, 63 nursing home residents were screened for sarcopenia based on the EWGSOP2 criteria, which include assessments of handgrip strength (Jamar dynamometer), physical performance (4-meter walking test), and muscle mass evaluated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Thirty-one residents diagnosed with sarcopenia were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 17), which completed 12 supervised sessions of conventional exercises (postural, cervical range of motion, and isometric exercises) over six weeks, or an experimental group (n = 14), which received an additional 12 sessions of cervical proprioceptive exercises. Both groups were evaluated before and after the intervention. Cervical joint position sense, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, were assessed using the Joint Position Error Test; the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; the Pain Catastrophizing Scale.
- Conditions
- Sarcopenia in Elderly
- Being tested
- Classic exercises, Proprioceptive exercise training
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, balance, kinesiophobia, proprioception, pain catastrophizing
- Medical subject headings
- Sarcopenia, Kinesiophobia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Classic exercisesOther
Participants in the control group received classical exercise training for 6 weeks.
Proprioceptive exercise trainingOther
Participants in the experimental group received cervical proprioception exercises in addition to classical exercise training for 6 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Cervical proprioceptive exercise and classic exercise were applied. Receives: Other: Classic exercises; Other: Proprioceptive exercise training |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Classic exercise (Cervical range of motion exercise+posture exercise+isometric exercises) were applied only. Receives: Other: Classic exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Assessment of cervical proprioception
Cervical proprioception was assessed using joint position error test. While seated, the participant faced a board positioned 90 cm away at head level, consisting of concentric circles (40 cm diameter, 1-cm increments), and wore a cap with a mounted laser pointer The participant first aligned the laser with the central point to establish the neutral position, then-with eyes open-was guided through flexion, extension, right/left rotation, and right/left lateral flexion, returning to neutral after each movement. The same six movements were then actively performed with eyes closed . Six repetitions were completed for each direction, and the point at which the laser stopped was marked on the board after every trial . The mean of these points was calculated, and angular deviation from the target was determined using the arctan method based on the fixed distance to the board. A deviation of more than 4 degrees was considered to indicate impaired proprioception.
Measured: 10 months
Secondary outcomes (2)
Assessment of kinesiophobia
Kinesiophobia was assessed using the Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS) . Developed by Kocjan and Knapik (2014), the scale identifies the biological and psychological sources of fear of movement and contributes to understanding the underlying causes of reduced motor activity. It comprises two domains: biological and psychological. The biological domain includes morphological factors, movement requirements, energy resources, biological drives, negative experiences, motor competence, and beliefs related to body care, while the psychological domain assesses factors such as confidence, self-efficacy, and social interaction that contribute to avoidance behavior. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Çayır et al. (2020). The scale consists of 20 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater fear of movement.
Measured: 10 months
Assessment of pain catastrophizing
Pain catastrophizing was assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), a 13-item measure evaluating maladaptive thoughts and feelings related to pain. The scale includes three subdimensions: helplessness, magnification, and rumination . Each item is scored on a 0-4 scale, and subscale scores are obtained by summing the corresponding items; the total PCS score is calculated as the sum of all items . The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Uğurlu et al. (2017) . Total scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater pain catastrophizing.Scores above 30 reflect clinically significant levels of catastrophizing.
Measured: 10 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Nov 2025
- Study start23 Apr 2024
- Primary completion23 Dec 2024
- Study completion30 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (100)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sarcopenia in ElderlyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Atılım University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Beyza Doğanbaz, Atılım University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07253714
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Beyza-ftr-02
- Status last verified
- Dec 2024
- First submitted
- 15 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 28 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
Vincent HK, George SZ, Seay AN, Vincent KR, Hurley RW. Resistance exercise, disability, and pain catastrophizing in obese adults with back pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Sep;46(9):1693-701. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000294.
PubMed 25133997Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;2005(3):CD000335. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000335.pub2.
PubMed 16034851Carter IR, Lord JL. Clinical inquiries. How effective are exercise and physical therapy for chronic low back pain? J Fam Pract. 2002 Mar;51(3):209. No abstract available.
PubMed 11978228Cruz-Diaz D, Romeu M, Velasco-Gonzalez C, Martinez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F. The effectiveness of 12 weeks of Pilates intervention on disability, pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Sep;32(9):1249-1257. doi: 10.1177/0269215518768393. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
PubMed 29651872Suzuki T, Kim H, Yoshida H, Ishizaki T. Randomized controlled trial of exercise intervention for the prevention of falls in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women. J Bone Miner Metab. 2004;22(6):602-11. doi: 10.1007/s00774-004-0530-2.
PubMed 15490272Ishak NA, Zahari Z, Justine M. Kinesiophobia, Pain, Muscle Functions, and Functional Performances among Older Persons with Low Back Pain. Pain Res Treat. 2017;2017:3489617. doi: 10.1155/2017/3489617. Epub 2017 May 29.
PubMed 28634547Mortazavi H, Tabatabaeichehr M, Golestani A, Armat MR, Yousefi MR. The Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on the Risk and Fear of Falling in Older Adults: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Mater Sociomed. 2018 Mar;30(1):38-42. doi: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.38-42.
PubMed 29670476Stubbs B, Patchay S, Soundy A, Schofield P. The avoidance of activities due to fear of falling contributes to sedentary behavior among community-dwelling older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a multisite observational study. Pain Med. 2014 Nov;15(11):1861-71. doi: 10.1111/pme.12570. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
PubMed 25224385Wijlhuizen GJ, de Jong R, Hopman-Rock M. Older persons afraid of falling reduce physical activity to prevent outdoor falls. Prev Med. 2007 Mar;44(3):260-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.003. Epub 2006 Dec 19.
PubMed 17184828Murphy SL, Williams CS, Gill TM. Characteristics associated with fear of falling and activity restriction in community-living older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Mar;50(3):516-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50119.x.
PubMed 11943049Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995 Sep;62(3):363-372. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-N.
PubMed 8657437Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Lane MM. Health-related quality of life measurement in pediatric clinical practice: an appraisal and precept for future research and application. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 May 16;3:34. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-3-34.
PubMed 15904527Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Enhance Fatigability and Decrease Progression Rate of Sarcopenia in Seniors? A Novel Approach. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2021;17(1):58-67. doi: 10.2174/1573397116666200429113226.
PubMed 32348231Dover G, Powers ME. Reliability of Joint Position Sense and Force-Reproduction Measures During Internal and External Rotation of the Shoulder. J Athl Train. 2003 Dec;38(4):304-310.
PubMed 14737211Mustian KM, Sprod LK, Palesh OG, Peppone LJ, Janelsins MC, Mohile SG, Carroll J. Exercise for the management of side effects and quality of life among cancer survivors. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009 Nov-Dec;8(6):325-30. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181c22324.
PubMed 19904073
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- THE EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE EXERCISE TRAINING ON CERVICAL PROPRIOCEPTION, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND PAIN CATASTROPHIZING LEVELS IN SARCOPENIC GERIATRIC INDIVIDUALS RESIDING IN NURSING HOMES
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07253714
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Beyza-ftr-02
- Conditions
- Sarcopenia in Elderly
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, balance, kinesiophobia, proprioception, pain catastrophizing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 31 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Atılım UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigated the effects of cervical proprioceptive exercise training on cervical proprioception, kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising in sarcopenic nursing home residents.
In this randomized controlled study, 63 nursing home residents were screened for sarcopenia based on the EWGSOP2 criteria, which include assessments of handgrip strength (Jamar dynamometer), physical performance (4-meter walking test), and muscle mass evaluated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Thirty-one residents diagnosed with sarcopenia were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 17), which completed 12 supervised sessions of conventional exercises (postural, cervical range of motion, and isometric exercises) over six weeks, or an experimental group (n = 14), which received an additional 12 sessions of cervical proprioceptive exercises. Both groups were evaluated before and after the intervention. Cervical joint position sense, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, were assessed using the Joint Position Error Test; the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; the Pain Catastrophizing Scale.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Other: Classic exercises, Other: Proprioceptive exercise trainingCervical proprioceptive exercise and classic exercise were applied. |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Other: Classic exercisesClassic exercise (Cervical range of motion exercise+posture exercise+isometric exercises) were applied only. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being 65 years of age or older,
- Being diagnosed with sarcopenia,
- Having at least 91 points or more according to the Barthel daily living activities index (being mildly dependent or completely independent),
- Having 24 points or more according to the mini mental assessment, which is considered mentally healthy.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Having a disability (such as limb, vision, hearing loss),
- Having a serious neurological, orthopedic or rheumatological disorder that may affect proprioception,
- Having uncontrolled hypertension/diabetes,
- Having pain in the spine and/or extremities,
- Having a psychiatric disease diagnosis.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Classic exercisesParticipants in the control group received classical exercise training for 6 weeks. | Other | Control Group, Experimental group |
| Proprioceptive exercise trainingParticipants in the experimental group received cervical proprioception exercises in addition to classical exercise training for 6 weeks. | Other | Experimental group |
Primary outcome
Assessment of cervical proprioception
Time frame: 10 months
Cervical proprioception was assessed using joint position error test. While seated, the participant faced a board positioned 90 cm away at head level, consisting of concentric circles (40 cm diameter, 1-cm increments), and wore a cap with a mounted laser pointer The participant first aligned the laser with the central point to establish the neutral position, then-with eyes open-was guided through flexion, extension, right/left rotation, and right/left lateral flexion, returning to neutral after each movement. The same six movements were then actively performed with eyes closed . Six repetitions were completed for each direction, and the point at which the laser stopped was marked on the board after every trial . The mean of these points was calculated, and angular deviation from the target was determined using the arctan method based on the fixed distance to the board. A deviation of more than 4 degrees was considered to indicate impaired proprioception.
2 secondary outcomes
Assessment of kinesiophobia
Time frame: 10 months
Assessment of pain catastrophizing
Time frame: 10 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Nov 2025.
- Background: PubMed 25133997Vincent HK, George SZ, Seay AN, Vincent KR, Hurley RW. Resistance exercise, disability, and pain catastrophizing in obese adults with back pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Sep;46(9):1693-701. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000294.
- Background: PubMed 16034851Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;2005(3):CD000335. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000335.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 11978228Carter IR, Lord JL. Clinical inquiries. How effective are exercise and physical therapy for chronic low back pain? J Fam Pract. 2002 Mar;51(3):209. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 29651872Cruz-Diaz D, Romeu M, Velasco-Gonzalez C, Martinez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F. The effectiveness of 12 weeks of Pilates intervention on disability, pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Sep;32(9):1249-1257. doi: 10.1177/0269215518768393. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
- Background: PubMed 15490272Suzuki T, Kim H, Yoshida H, Ishizaki T. Randomized controlled trial of exercise intervention for the prevention of falls in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women. J Bone Miner Metab. 2004;22(6):602-11. doi: 10.1007/s00774-004-0530-2.
- Background: PubMed 28634547Ishak NA, Zahari Z, Justine M. Kinesiophobia, Pain, Muscle Functions, and Functional Performances among Older Persons with Low Back Pain. Pain Res Treat. 2017;2017:3489617. doi: 10.1155/2017/3489617. Epub 2017 May 29.
- Background: PubMed 29670476Mortazavi H, Tabatabaeichehr M, Golestani A, Armat MR, Yousefi MR. The Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on the Risk and Fear of Falling in Older Adults: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Mater Sociomed. 2018 Mar;30(1):38-42. doi: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.38-42.
- Background: PubMed 25224385Stubbs B, Patchay S, Soundy A, Schofield P. The avoidance of activities due to fear of falling contributes to sedentary behavior among community-dwelling older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a multisite observational study. Pain Med. 2014 Nov;15(11):1861-71. doi: 10.1111/pme.12570. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
- Background: PubMed 17184828Wijlhuizen GJ, de Jong R, Hopman-Rock M. Older persons afraid of falling reduce physical activity to prevent outdoor falls. Prev Med. 2007 Mar;44(3):260-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.003. Epub 2006 Dec 19.
- Background: PubMed 11943049Murphy SL, Williams CS, Gill TM. Characteristics associated with fear of falling and activity restriction in community-living older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Mar;50(3):516-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50119.x.
- Background: PubMed 8657437Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995 Sep;62(3):363-372. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-N.
- Background: PubMed 15904527Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Lane MM. Health-related quality of life measurement in pediatric clinical practice: an appraisal and precept for future research and application. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 May 16;3:34. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-3-34.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Classic exercises and Proprioceptive exercise training in people with Sarcopenia in Elderly, run by Atılım University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Assessment of cervical proprioception (time frame: 10 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07253714, which also lists 100 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Nov 2025.