Resistance TrainingVBTNCT07249203
Velocity-Based Resistance Training and Motor Skills in University Athletes
A study testing Percentage-Based Training (PBT) and Velocity-Based Training (VBT) in people with Resistance Training and Motor Performance, run by Istanbul Gelisim University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study investigated the effects of resistance training applied with a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills in university-level athletes. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a velocity-based training (VBT) group and a percentage-based training (PBT) group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Resistance Training, Motor Performance, Athletic Performance
- What is being tested?
- Percentage-Based Training (PBT) and Velocity-Based Training (VBT)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Jan 2024to 15 Apr 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male university athletes aged 18-35 years
- Regular participation in resistance training for at least 1 year
- Free from any musculoskeletal injuries during the last 6 months
- Willing to participate in all training sessions and testing procedures
Who cannot join
- Current or recent musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular disorders
- Missed more than two training sessions during the study period
- Use of performance-enhancing drugs or supplements during the study
- Any medical condition that prevents participation in resistance training
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Resistance Training Applied With a Velocity-Based Approach on Selected Motor Skills
This study investigated the effects of resistance training applied with a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills in university-level athletes. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a velocity-based training (VBT) group and a percentage-based training (PBT) group. Both groups performed lower-body resistance exercises over an 8-week period, three times per week. Pre- and post-training assessments were conducted for countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint (20 m and 40 m), agility (505 test), and one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of VBT and PBT on jump, sprint, agility, and strength performance. It was hypothesized that the VBT group would show greater improvements in motor skills compared to the PBT group.
Read the detailed description
This randomized, parallel-group, interventional trial was designed to examine the effects of resistance training performed using a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills among trained university athletes.
A total of 20 male participants (aged 18-30 years) were randomly assigned into two groups:
Velocity-Based Training (VBT) group: performed squats, lunges, and similar lower-body exercises using individualized movement velocity feedback obtained from a linear encoder.
Percentage-Based Training (PBT) group: performed the same exercises based on traditional fixed-load percentages of one-repetition maximum (1RM).
Both training programs lasted 8 weeks and included three sessions per week. Pre- and post-tests included measurements of countermovement jump (CMJ) height and power, sprint times (20 m and 40 m), agility (505 test), and maximal squat strength (1RM).
The study was approved by the Istanbul Gelişim University Rectorate Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2024-01-144, Date: 12.01.2024) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
The primary outcome of interest was the change in CMJ performance. Secondary outcomes included sprint, agility, and 1RM strength improvements.
The results are expected to contribute to the understanding of how velocity-based resistance training affects neuromuscular adaptations and physical performance in athletes compared to traditional percentage-based training methods.
- Being tested
- Percentage-Based Training (PBT), Velocity-Based Training (VBT)
- Keywords
- Velocity-based training, Speed, Agility, Maximal strength, Performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Percentage-Based Training (PBT)Behavioural
The percentage-based training (PBT) group performed the same resistance exercises as the VBT group for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Training loads were prescribed according to a fixed percentage of each participant's one-repetition maximum (1RM). Exercises included squats, lunges, and other lower-body movements aimed at improving strength and power.
Velocity-Based Training (VBT)Behavioural
The velocity-based training (VBT) group performed lower-body resistance exercises for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Training loads were adjusted based on real-time barbell velocity feedback measured with a linear encoder. Exercises included squats, lunges, and other multi-joint movements. Each session focused on maintaining optimal movement speed for power development.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage-Based Training (PBT) Group | Experimental | Participants in this group performed a resistance training program based on fixed percentages of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). The training load was adjusted weekly according to percentage-based progression over 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Percentage-Based Training (PBT) |
| Velocity-Based Training (VBT) Group | Experimental | Participants in this group performed the same resistance training exercises as the PBT group, but the training load and volume were adjusted according to movement velocity feedback using a linear position transducer. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Velocity-Based Training (VBT) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Vertical Jump Height
Countermovement jump height will be measured using a force platform. Jump height (cm) will be calculated from flight time.
Measured: 8 weeks (baseline to post-test)
Secondary outcomes (7)
20 m Sprint Time
Sprint speed will be measured using a 20-meter sprint test with electronic timing gates.
Measured: 8 weeks
40 m Sprint Time
Sprint performance will be measured using a 40-meter sprint test with electronic timing gates.
Measured: 8 weeks
505 Agility Test Time
Change of direction ability will be assessed using the 505 agility test.
Measured: 8 weeks
1RM Back Squat Strength
Maximal lower-body strength will be assessed using the one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat test.
Measured: 8 weeks
CMJ Peak Force
Peak force (N) during countermovement jump will be measured using a force platform.
Measured: 8 weeks
CMJ Peak Power
Peak power (W) will be calculated using data obtained from the force platform and linear encoder.
Measured: 8 weeks
CMJ Peak Velocity
Peak velocity (m/s) during countermovement jump will be measured using a linear encoder.
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Nov 2025
- Study start15 Jan 2024
- Primary completion30 Mar 2024
- Study completion15 Apr 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Resistance TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study employed a parallel-group, randomized design. Participants were randomly assigned to either a percentage-based training (PBT) group or a velocity-based training (VBT) group. Both groups performed resistance training programs for 8 weeks, focusing on lower-body and upper-body exercises. The VBT group trained according to movement velocity feedback, while the PBT group followed loads based on fixed percentages of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Pre- and post-tests were conducted to evaluate changes in motor performance variables such as jump height, sprint time, and maximal strength.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Gelisim University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Serdar GÜR, PhD, Principal investigator, Istanbul Gelişim University, Faculty of Sports Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07249203
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IGU-2024-01-144-VBT-1
- Acronym
- VBT
- Status last verified
- Oct 2025
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 25 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared. Summary data may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Publications
Gur S, Soyal M. Effects of resistance training applied with a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Apr 13;18(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01687-9.
PubMed 41975529
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Resistance Training Applied With a Velocity-Based Approach on Selected Motor Skills
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07249203
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VBT / IGU-2024-01-144-VBT-1
- Keywords
- Velocity-based training, Speed, Agility, Maximal strength, Performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul Gelisim UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Apr 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigated the effects of resistance training applied with a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills in university-level athletes. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a velocity-based training (VBT) group and a percentage-based training (PBT) group. Both groups performed lower-body resistance exercises over an 8-week period, three times per week. Pre- and post-training assessments were conducted for countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint (20 m and 40 m), agility (505 test), and one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of VBT and PBT on jump, sprint, agility, and strength performance. It was hypothesized that the VBT group would show greater improvements in motor skills compared to the PBT group.
Detailed description
This randomized, parallel-group, interventional trial was designed to examine the effects of resistance training performed using a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills among trained university athletes.
A total of 20 male participants (aged 18-30 years) were randomly assigned into two groups:
Velocity-Based Training (VBT) group: performed squats, lunges, and similar lower-body exercises using individualized movement velocity feedback obtained from a linear encoder.
Percentage-Based Training (PBT) group: performed the same exercises based on traditional fixed-load percentages of one-repetition maximum (1RM).
Both training programs lasted 8 weeks and included three sessions per week. Pre- and post-tests included measurements of countermovement jump (CMJ) height and power, sprint times (20 m and 40 m), agility (505 test), and maximal squat strength (1RM).
The study was approved by the Istanbul Gelişim University Rectorate Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2024-01-144, Date: 12.01.2024) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
The primary outcome of interest was the change in CMJ performance. Secondary outcomes included sprint, agility, and 1RM strength improvements.
The results are expected to contribute to the understanding of how velocity-based resistance training affects neuromuscular adaptations and physical performance in athletes compared to traditional percentage-based training methods.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study employed a parallel-group, randomized design. Participants were randomly assigned to either a percentage-based training (PBT) group or a velocity-based training (VBT) group. Both groups performed resistance training programs for 8 weeks, focusing on lower-body and upper-body exercises. The VBT group trained according to movement velocity feedback, while the PBT group followed loads based on fixed percentages of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Pre- and post-tests were conducted to evaluate changes in motor performance variables such as jump height, sprint time, and maximal strength.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage-Based Training (PBT) Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Percentage-Based Training (PBT)Participants in this group performed a resistance training program based on fixed percentages of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). The training load was adjusted weekly according to percentage-based progression over 8 weeks. |
| Velocity-Based Training (VBT) Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Velocity-Based Training (VBT)Participants in this group performed the same resistance training exercises as the PBT group, but the training load and volume were adjusted according to movement velocity feedback using a linear position transducer. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Male university athletes aged 18-35 years
- Regular participation in resistance training for at least 1 year
- Free from any musculoskeletal injuries during the last 6 months
- Willing to participate in all training sessions and testing procedures
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Current or recent musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular disorders
- Missed more than two training sessions during the study period
- Use of performance-enhancing drugs or supplements during the study
- Any medical condition that prevents participation in resistance training
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage-Based Training (PBT)The percentage-based training (PBT) group performed the same resistance exercises as the VBT group for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Training loads were prescribed according to a fixed percentage of each participant's one-repetition maximum (1RM). Exercises included squats, lunges, and other lower-body movements aimed at improving strength and power. | Behavioural | Percentage-Based Training (PBT) Group |
| Velocity-Based Training (VBT)The velocity-based training (VBT) group performed lower-body resistance exercises for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Training loads were adjusted based on real-time barbell velocity feedback measured with a linear encoder. Exercises included squats, lunges, and other multi-joint movements. Each session focused on maintaining optimal movement speed for power development. | Behavioural | Velocity-Based Training (VBT) Group |
Primary outcome
Vertical Jump Height
Time frame: 8 weeks (baseline to post-test)
Countermovement jump height will be measured using a force platform. Jump height (cm) will be calculated from flight time.
7 secondary outcomes
20 m Sprint Time
Time frame: 8 weeks
40 m Sprint Time
Time frame: 8 weeks
505 Agility Test Time
Time frame: 8 weeks
1RM Back Squat Strength
Time frame: 8 weeks
CMJ Peak Force
Time frame: 8 weeks
CMJ Peak Power
Time frame: 8 weeks
CMJ Peak Velocity
Time frame: 8 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Nov 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41975529Gur S, Soyal M. Effects of resistance training applied with a velocity-based approach on selected motor skills. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Apr 13;18(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01687-9.
- Istanbul Gelişim University official websiteLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared. Summary data may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Serdar GÜR, PhD principal investigator
Istanbul Gelişim University, Faculty of Sports Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Percentage-Based Training (PBT) and Velocity-Based Training (VBT) in people with Resistance Training and Motor Performance, run by Istanbul Gelisim University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Vertical Jump Height (time frame: 8 weeks (baseline to post-test)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07249203, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Nov 2025.