Pain, PostoperativeNCT07242872
Screen Addiction and Postoperative Pain
An observational study of Pain, Postoperative, run by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Excessive or problematic smartphone use has become increasingly common and has been associated with various psychological and physical health consequences, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, reduced sleep quality, musculoskeletal pain, and heightened pain perception. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain, Postoperative
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2026to 1 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Sample size was calculated using an effect size derived from a previous study reporting a correlation coefficient of rho = 0.292 between problematic phone use and perceived pain. With a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 80%, a minimum of 91 participants were required. To compensate for an anticipated dropout rate of approximately 10%, the final planned sample size is 100 participants.
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18-45 years
- Scheduled for elective primary rhinoplasty under general anesthesia
- ASA physical status I-II
- Ability to provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- History of psychiatric disorders (diagnosed anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis)
- Use of chronic analgesic, opioid, sedative, or psychotropic medication
- Previous rhinoplasty or combined surgeries
- Neurological disorders affecting pain perception
- Communication difficulties or inability to complete questionnaires
- Chronic pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, chronic back pain)
- Intraoperative complications requiring deviation from standard anesthesia
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
Tokat Province, Tokat Province, 60100
About this study
Official title: Association Between Smartphone Addiction and Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Observational Study
Excessive or problematic smartphone use has become increasingly common and has been associated with various psychological and physical health consequences, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, reduced sleep quality, musculoskeletal pain, and heightened pain perception. Postoperative pain is influenced not only by surgical trauma but also by individual psychological and behavioral characteristics. This prospective observational study aims to investigate whether smartphone addiction levels influence postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing elective rhinoplasty surgery.
Read the detailed description
Problematic smartphone use-often referred to as smartphone addiction-has emerged as a significant behavioral concern worldwide. Prior research has demonstrated associations between excessive smartphone use and anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, impaired attention, and increased musculoskeletal discomfort. Moreover, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and cognitive attention patterns are known to modulate postoperative pain perception.
Individuals with higher levels of smartphone addiction commonly exhibit elevated anxiety, restlessness, and depressive symptoms, which may heighten pain sensitivity and interfere with postoperative pain coping mechanisms. However, current literature includes limited evidence directly examining the relationship between smartphone addiction and postoperative pain outcomes.
This single-center prospective observational study will include adult patients aged 18-45 years undergoing elective rhinoplasty surgery under general anesthesia. Eligible participants will be ASA physical status I-II and without psychiatric disorders, chronic analgesic or psychotropic medication use, communication difficulties, prior rhinoplasty surgery, or additional concurrent surgical procedures.
Preoperative data collection will include demographic variables (age, sex, education level, duration of daily smartphone use). Participants will complete two validated instruments in Turkish: The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale - Turkish Version, The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) - Turkish Version.
Surgical and anesthesia management will follow standardized institutional protocols. Postoperative pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours following surgery. Total analgesic consumption within the first 24 hours will also be recorded.
Participants will be categorized based on their smartphone addiction scores, and postoperative pain outcomes and analgesic consumption will be compared between groups. Additionally, correlation analyses will be performed to explore the association between smartphone addiction levels and perceived postoperative pain.
Sample size was calculated using an effect size derived from a previous study reporting a correlation coefficient of rho = 0.292 between problematic phone use and perceived pain. With a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 80%, a minimum of 91 participants were required. To compensate for an anticipated dropout rate of approximately 10%, the final planned sample size is 100 participants.
- Conditions
- Pain, Postoperative
- Keywords
- Smartphone, Behavior, Addictive, Analgesics, Rhinoplasty, Pain Measurement
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative, Behavior, Addictive
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patients undergoing elective rhinoplasty | This cohort includes adult patients aged 18-45 years with ASA physical status I-II who are scheduled to undergo elective rhinoplasty under general anesthesia. All participants will complete preoperative assessments, including demographic data and validated Turkish versions of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Postoperative pain scores (VAS) will be recorded at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours following surgery, along with total analgesic consumption within the first 24 hours. No interventions will be applied as part of the study; the cohort will be observed prospectively |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Postoperative Pain Score (VAS)
Pain intensity measured using the Visual Analog Scale (0-10)
Measured: 1st, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Total Analgesic Consumption
The total analgesic consumption within the first 24 postoperative hours, including tramadol administered through patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
Measured: 24 hours postoperatively
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2025
- Study start1 Jan 2026
- Primary completion1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Pain, PostoperativeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ali Genc, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07242872
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 25-MOBAEK-374
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 2 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Interested researchers may contact the corresponding author via email and provide a brief description of their intended use.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Association Between Smartphone Addiction and Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Observational Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07242872
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 25-MOBAEK-374
- Conditions
- Pain, Postoperative
- Keywords
- Smartphone, Behavior, Addictive, Analgesics, Rhinoplasty, Pain Measurement
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Excessive or problematic smartphone use has become increasingly common and has been associated with various psychological and physical health consequences, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, reduced sleep quality, musculoskeletal pain, and heightened pain perception. Postoperative pain is influenced not only by surgical trauma but also by individual psychological and behavioral characteristics. This prospective observational study aims to investigate whether smartphone addiction levels influence postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing elective rhinoplasty surgery.
Detailed description
Problematic smartphone use-often referred to as smartphone addiction-has emerged as a significant behavioral concern worldwide. Prior research has demonstrated associations between excessive smartphone use and anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, impaired attention, and increased musculoskeletal discomfort. Moreover, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and cognitive attention patterns are known to modulate postoperative pain perception.
Individuals with higher levels of smartphone addiction commonly exhibit elevated anxiety, restlessness, and depressive symptoms, which may heighten pain sensitivity and interfere with postoperative pain coping mechanisms. However, current literature includes limited evidence directly examining the relationship between smartphone addiction and postoperative pain outcomes.
This single-center prospective observational study will include adult patients aged 18-45 years undergoing elective rhinoplasty surgery under general anesthesia. Eligible participants will be ASA physical status I-II and without psychiatric disorders, chronic analgesic or psychotropic medication use, communication difficulties, prior rhinoplasty surgery, or additional concurrent surgical procedures.
Preoperative data collection will include demographic variables (age, sex, education level, duration of daily smartphone use). Participants will complete two validated instruments in Turkish: The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale - Turkish Version, The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) - Turkish Version.
Surgical and anesthesia management will follow standardized institutional protocols. Postoperative pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours following surgery. Total analgesic consumption within the first 24 hours will also be recorded.
Participants will be categorized based on their smartphone addiction scores, and postoperative pain outcomes and analgesic consumption will be compared between groups. Additionally, correlation analyses will be performed to explore the association between smartphone addiction levels and perceived postoperative pain.
Sample size was calculated using an effect size derived from a previous study reporting a correlation coefficient of rho = 0.292 between problematic phone use and perceived pain. With a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 80%, a minimum of 91 participants were required. To compensate for an anticipated dropout rate of approximately 10%, the final planned sample size is 100 participants.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Patients undergoing elective rhinoplasty | – | –This cohort includes adult patients aged 18-45 years with ASA physical status I-II who are scheduled to undergo elective rhinoplasty under general anesthesia. All participants will complete preoperative assessments, including demographic data and validated Turkish versions of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Postoperative pain scores (VAS) will be recorded at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours following surgery, along with total analgesic consumption within the first 24 hours. No interventions will be applied as part of the study; the cohort will be observed prospectively |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Sample size was calculated using an effect size derived from a previous study reporting a correlation coefficient of rho = 0.292 between problematic phone use and perceived pain. With a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 80%, a minimum of 91 participants were required. To compensate for an anticipated dropout rate of approximately 10%, the final planned sample size is 100 participants.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adults aged 18-45 years
- Scheduled for elective primary rhinoplasty under general anesthesia
- ASA physical status I-II
- Ability to provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- History of psychiatric disorders (diagnosed anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis)
- Use of chronic analgesic, opioid, sedative, or psychotropic medication
- Previous rhinoplasty or combined surgeries
- Neurological disorders affecting pain perception
- Communication difficulties or inability to complete questionnaires
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Postoperative Pain Score (VAS)
Time frame: 1st, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours.
Pain intensity measured using the Visual Analog Scale (0-10)
1 secondary outcome
Total Analgesic Consumption
Time frame: 24 hours postoperatively
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Interested researchers may contact the corresponding author via email and provide a brief description of their intended use.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Pain, Postoperative, run by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Postoperative Pain Score (VAS) (time frame: 1st, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Oct 2026.