Mental HealthNCT07120360
Gender Microagression Psychoeducation
A study testing Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program in people with Mental Health, run by Yuzuncu Yil University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program, which was designed to enhance awareness of gender-based microaggressions among female university students and to improve their coping skills. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mental Health
- What is being tested?
- Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 21 Feb 2024to 21 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being a woman,
- Knowing Turkish,
- Not having any communication problems (language, hearing, etc.).
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Being willing to participate in the research.
Who cannot join
- Having a mental or physical problem that prevents communication,
- Being male
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites
Van Yuzuncu Yıl University Campus /Faculty of Health Sciences/van/turkey
Van, Tusba, 65080
Van Yuzuncu Yıl University
Van, Tusba, 65080
About this study
Official title: Effect of Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program on Gender Role Attitudes and Gender Role Stress of Female University Students
Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program, which was designed to enhance awareness of gender-based microaggressions among female university students and to improve their coping skills. The program's impact on gender role attitudes and psychological distress was also examined.
Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements. Gender-based microaggressions are defined as subtle but harmful actions or expressions targeting individuals' identities, often perpetrated unconsciously. In particular, gender-based microaggressions perpetuate traditional gender roles, undermine women's autonomy, and negatively affect psychological well-being, constituting invisible barriers in social and professional life.
Read more
The psychoeducation program consisted of six modules aiming to increase awareness of microaggressions, develop coping and assertiveness skills, enhance critical thinking regarding gender roles, and reduce gender role stress. The program included theoretical knowledge, experiential learning, assertiveness training, and stress management strategies. A total of 80 students participated, with 31 assigned to the experimental group and 49 to the control group.
Instruments: Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Female Microaggressions Scale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21), and semi-structured interviews prepared by the researcher.
- Conditions
- Mental Health
- Being tested
- Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program
- Keywords
- microaggression, mental health, Psychoeducation
- Medical subject headings
- Psychological Well-Being, Microaggression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation ProgramOther
The psychoeducation program consisted of six modules aiming to increase awareness of microaggressions, develop coping and assertiveness skills, enhance critical thinking regarding gender roles, and reduce gender role stress. The program included theoretical knowledge, experiential learning, assertiveness training, and stress management strategies.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoeducation Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm received a six-session psychoeducation program designed to increase awareness of gender-based microaggressions, develop coping and assertiveness skills, foster critical thinking regarding gender roles, and reduce gender role stress. The program included theoretical education, experiential learning exercises, group discussions, assertiveness training, and stress management strategies. Sessions were conducted face-to-face in small groups over a three-week period, with each session lasting approximately 60-90 minutes. Receives: Other: Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program |
| Control Group | No intervention | No Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Gender microagressions level
The scale developed by Miyake (2018) aims to measure gender-based microaggressions experienced by women throughout their lives. The scale was developed through a two-phase study and consists of eight thematic factors: sexual objectification; second-class citizenship/assumptions of inferiority; traditional gender roles; denial of sexism; sexist language use; environmental microaggressions; implicit threat to physical safety; and explicit threat to physical safety. Each factor represents a specific form of microaggression, using thematic classifications instead of the typical categories of microassaults, microinsults, or microinvalidations. The scale includes 34 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 4 = Often).
Measured: From enrollment to the end of psychoeducation at 6 weeks
Gender Role Attitudes
The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) was developed by Glick and Fiske (1996) to assess perceptions of sexism and adapted into Turkish by Sakallı-Uğurlu (2002). The scale consists of 22 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 6 = strongly agree) and includes two subscales: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. Hostile sexism reflects negative attitudes and discriminatory behaviors toward women, emphasizing their inferiority and weakness. Benevolent sexism involves seemingly positive but patronizing attitudes based on patriarchal values, such as the belief that women should be protected and cherished. Although conceptually distinct, both dimensions contribute to the persistence of gender inequality. Higher scores indicate higher levels of hostile or benevolent sexism.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Psychological Distress Level
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) to assess three components of negative emotional states: depression, anxiety, and stress. The original scale includes 42 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale (0 = Did not apply to me at all, 3 = Applied to me very much). The short version, DASS-21, was developed by Antony et al. (1998) and has been shown to be a valid and reliable tool. The Turkish adaptation of DASS-21 was conducted by Sarıçam (2018). The scale does not produce a total score; instead, each subscale is scored separately, with scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depression, anxiety, or stress in the corresponding subscale.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Aug 2025
- Study start21 Feb 2024
- Primary completion21 Apr 2025
- Study completion21 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Mental HealthStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study evaluated a psychoeducation program comprising six modules, aiming to increase microaggression awareness, develop coping skills, enhance critical thinking on gender roles, and reduce gender role stress among female university students. The program included theoretical knowledge, experiential learning, assertiveness training, and stress management techniques. The sample included 80 female students, with 31 assigned to the experimental group and 49 to the control group. The experimental group received the full program, while the control group did not receive any intervention during the study but was given a brief educational session afterward. Data were collected at two points-pre-test and post-test-using the Personal Information Form, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Female Microaggression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and a semi-structured interview developed by the researcher.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yuzuncu Yil University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Kadriye Aslan, Yuzuncu Yil University
- Investigators
- Cemile H AYHAN, Assoc. Prof., Study director, Yuzuncu Yil UniversityKadriye ASLAN, Graduate student, Principal investigator, Yuzuncu Yil University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07120360
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2023/06-13
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 26 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: I won't share thanks
Publications
Turner J, Higgins R, Childs E. Microaggression and Implicit Bias. Am Surg. 2021 Nov;87(11):1727-1731. doi: 10.1177/00031348211023418. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
PubMed 34078131Sue DW, Capodilupo CM, Torino GC, Bucceri JM, Holder AM, Nadal KL, Esquilin M. Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. Am Psychol. 2007 May-Jun;62(4):271-86. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271.
PubMed 17516773Marchi M, Travascio A, Uberti D, De Micheli E, Quartaroli F, Laquatra G, Grenzi P, Pingani L, Ferrari S, Fiorillo A, Converti M, Pinna F, Amaddeo F, Ventriglio A, Mirandola M, Galeazzi GM. Microaggression toward LGBTIQ people and implications for mental health: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2024 Feb;70(1):23-35. doi: 10.1177/00207640231194478. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
PubMed 37638668
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program on Gender Role Attitudes and Gender Role Stress of Female University Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07120360
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2023/06-13
- Conditions
- Mental Health
- Keywords
- microaggression, mental health, Psychoeducation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yuzuncu Yil UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 21 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program, which was designed to enhance awareness of gender-based microaggressions among female university students and to improve their coping skills. The program's impact on gender role attitudes and psychological distress was also examined.
Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements. Gender-based microaggressions are defined as subtle but harmful actions or expressions targeting individuals' identities, often perpetrated unconsciously. In particular, gender-based microaggressions perpetuate traditional gender roles, undermine women's autonomy, and negatively affect psychological well-being, constituting invisible barriers in social and professional life.
The psychoeducation program consisted of six modules aiming to increase awareness of microaggressions, develop coping and assertiveness skills, enhance critical thinking regarding gender roles, and reduce gender role stress. The program included theoretical knowledge, experiential learning, assertiveness training, and stress management strategies. A total of 80 students participated, with 31 assigned to the experimental group and 49 to the control group.
Instruments: Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Female Microaggressions Scale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21), and semi-structured interviews prepared by the researcher.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study evaluated a psychoeducation program comprising six modules, aiming to increase microaggression awareness, develop coping skills, enhance critical thinking on gender roles, and reduce gender role stress among female university students. The program included theoretical knowledge, experiential learning, assertiveness training, and stress management techniques. The sample included 80 female students, with 31 assigned to the experimental group and 49 to the control group. The experimental group received the full program, while the control group did not receive any intervention during the study but was given a brief educational session afterward. Data were collected at two points-pre-test and post-test-using the Personal Information Form, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Female Microaggression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and a semi-structured interview developed by the researcher.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoeducation Group | Experimental | Other: Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation ProgramParticipants in this arm received a six-session psychoeducation program designed to increase awareness of gender-based microaggressions, develop coping and assertiveness skills, foster critical thinking regarding gender roles, and reduce gender role stress. The program included theoretical education, experiential learning exercises, group discussions, assertiveness training, and stress management strategies. Sessions were conducted face-to-face in small groups over a three-week period, with each session lasting approximately 60-90 minutes. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –No Intervention |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being a woman,
- Knowing Turkish,
- Not having any communication problems (language, hearing, etc.).
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Being willing to participate in the research.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Having a mental or physical problem that prevents communication,
- Being male
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation ProgramThe psychoeducation program consisted of six modules aiming to increase awareness of microaggressions, develop coping and assertiveness skills, enhance critical thinking regarding gender roles, and reduce gender role stress. The program included theoretical knowledge, experiential learning, assertiveness training, and stress management strategies. | Other | Psychoeducation Group |
Primary outcome
Gender microagressions level
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of psychoeducation at 6 weeks
The scale developed by Miyake (2018) aims to measure gender-based microaggressions experienced by women throughout their lives. The scale was developed through a two-phase study and consists of eight thematic factors: sexual objectification; second-class citizenship/assumptions of inferiority; traditional gender roles; denial of sexism; sexist language use; environmental microaggressions; implicit threat to physical safety; and explicit threat to physical safety. Each factor represents a specific form of microaggression, using thematic classifications instead of the typical categories of microassaults, microinsults, or microinvalidations. The scale includes 34 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 4 = Often).
Gender Role Attitudes
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) was developed by Glick and Fiske (1996) to assess perceptions of sexism and adapted into Turkish by Sakallı-Uğurlu (2002). The scale consists of 22 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 6 = strongly agree) and includes two subscales: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. Hostile sexism reflects negative attitudes and discriminatory behaviors toward women, emphasizing their inferiority and weakness. Benevolent sexism involves seemingly positive but patronizing attitudes based on patriarchal values, such as the belief that women should be protected and cherished. Although conceptually distinct, both dimensions contribute to the persistence of gender inequality. Higher scores indicate higher levels of hostile or benevolent sexism.
Psychological Distress Level
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) to assess three components of negative emotional states: depression, anxiety, and stress. The original scale includes 42 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale (0 = Did not apply to me at all, 3 = Applied to me very much). The short version, DASS-21, was developed by Antony et al. (1998) and has been shown to be a valid and reliable tool. The Turkish adaptation of DASS-21 was conducted by Sarıçam (2018). The scale does not produce a total score; instead, each subscale is scored separately, with scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depression, anxiety, or stress in the corresponding subscale.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Aug 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 34078131Turner J, Higgins R, Childs E. Microaggression and Implicit Bias. Am Surg. 2021 Nov;87(11):1727-1731. doi: 10.1177/00031348211023418. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
- Results publication: PubMed 17516773Sue DW, Capodilupo CM, Torino GC, Bucceri JM, Holder AM, Nadal KL, Esquilin M. Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. Am Psychol. 2007 May-Jun;62(4):271-86. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271.
- Results publication: PubMed 37638668Marchi M, Travascio A, Uberti D, De Micheli E, Quartaroli F, Laquatra G, Grenzi P, Pingani L, Ferrari S, Fiorillo A, Converti M, Pinna F, Amaddeo F, Ventriglio A, Mirandola M, Galeazzi GM. Microaggression toward LGBTIQ people and implications for mental health: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2024 Feb;70(1):23-35. doi: 10.1177/00207640231194478. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. I won't share thanks
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Cemile H AYHAN, Assoc. Prof. study director
Yuzuncu Yil University
Kadriye ASLAN, Graduate student principal investigator
Yuzuncu Yil University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Gender-Based Microaggression Awareness and Prevention Psychoeducation Program in people with Mental Health, run by Yuzuncu Yil University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Gender microagressions level (time frame: From enrollment to the end of psychoeducation at 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07120360, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Aug 2025.