Trauma/Injury ProblemNCT07110077
Pre and Post-Implementation of Injury/Trauma First Aid Training Among Early Secondary School Students in Fako, Cameroon
A study testing Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children in people with Trauma/Injury Problem, run by University of Buea at 1 site in Cameroon.
Trial summary
To save lives, alleviate pain, and prevent injuries from worsening before medical assistance can be summoned, first aid is essential. These fundamental skills are accessible to everyone, including young people. Worldwide, first aid training has consistently improved outcomes and reduced injury-related complications. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Trauma/Injury Problem
- What is being tested?
- Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 166 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCameroon
- Study dates
- 11 Dec 2024to 28 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- For the Quantitative part
- Form one (1) to three (3) students (ages 10 to 14 years) in five (5) state secondary schools (SSS) in Tiko and Buea health districts who are willing to participate in the study.
- Students officially enrolled in the school for the academic year
- Those students whose parents consent for their children to be part of the study.
- For the Qualitative part
- Stakeholders within the educational care system - students, school teachers and school administrators (e.g., (Principals) community stakeholders (parents) who consent to be part of the study.
- Students whose parents give parental consent for their children to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Any child who is not in forms 1 to 3 (10 to 14 years old) in the selected schools
- Any student who misses any of the training sessions
- Any student who willingly backs out of the study.
- Any child whose parents do not give parental consent for them to be part of the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Implementing a Young First Aiders (YoFA) Training Program Amongst Early Secondary School Children on Injury and Trauma First Aid in Fako Division.
To save lives, alleviate pain, and prevent injuries from worsening before medical assistance can be summoned, first aid is essential. These fundamental skills are accessible to everyone, including young people. Worldwide, first aid training has consistently improved outcomes and reduced injury-related complications. Although first aid training for adults is widely available, it is equally important to equip young people in schools with these skills so they can defend themselves and support their communities.
'Young First Aiders' (YoFA) is a youth-specific first aid program that is the subject of this study, to be conducted in the Fako Division, Cameroon. Its primary goals are to:
Read more
- Determine how stakeholders view the YoFA program.
- Assess whether YoFA enhances the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of first aid among secondary school pupils.
- Determine the difficulties in providing this age group with first aid training.
- Assess the program's overall usefulness and efficacy.
The investigator will use a mixed-methods approach for the study in the Tiko and Buea health districts. It entails gathering extensive data via:
Focused group discussions, surveys, interviews, and scenario observations. To enable a direct comparison of results, one district will act as the intervention group and receive the YoFA training, while the other will act as the control group. To obtain a variety of viewpoints on the program, researchers will interview a large number of participants, including parents, educators, students, and administrators. Participants will complete customized surveys, which will be analyzed using Dedoose and R software to examine qualitative data from observations and interviews.
Expectations of this study include: Identifying barriers to making first aid instruction for children 10 to 14 years old successful, creating solutions to deal with these issues that have been identified. Moreover, to see if YoFA participants' first aid skills have improved, including their capacity to stay safe in an emergency, call for help, and offer prompt assistance (such as halting potentially fatal bleeding).
All this, to increase youth access to first aid training, which will help them develop a culture of readiness and self-assurance in managing crises as they get older; hence building a growing first aid culture to handle prehospital care.
Read the detailed description
PROBLEM STATEMENT Due to its limited inclusion in medical and educational curricula, first aid (FA) knowledge and practice are severely lacking, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Cameroon. According to WHO data, the majority of schools do not have operational dispensaries, and there is a serious shortage of medical personnel. Improvements in school health facilities have not kept up with the rise in student enrollment, and there are insufficient systems in place for referring students to medical facilities. It is essential to increase FA awareness among teachers and students, who are frequently the first to respond to incidents. FA skills can be improved and formal training may be encouraged in the future by implementing programs like YoFA with continuous refresher courses.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What community perceptions exist about children learning and/or using FA skills within the school setting or thereabouts?
- What is the level of Knowledge, the attitudes and practices (KAP) of early secondary school children (SSC) on injury/trauma FA?
- How efficacious and usable is an injury/trauma Young First Aiders' (YoFA) training program to early SSC and the community?
- What are the perceived barriers/challenges and benefits of the YoFA program in schools and the community?
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES General Objective
- To gain insights into the perceptions and barriers surrounding a Young First Aiders' (YoFA) training program on trauma/injury first aid in both the school setting and the community in the Fako Division.
- To assess and measurably improve KAP of SSC on trauma/injury FA using the YoFA training program in Fako Division.
Specific Objectives
- To understand the perspectives of stakeholders (school teachers, administrators, parents, community leaders and students) on a school-based FA training (YoFA) program among SSC. Hypothesis 1: The perspectives of stakeholders like school administrators, teachers, parents, community leaders, and school children needs to be understood to design a comprehensive YoFA program
- To assess school children's Knowledge, Attitudes (willingness to) and Practices (self-efficacy) (KAP) on trauma/injury FA via the built YoFA training to stop LTBs. Hypothesis 2: School children have limited knowledge, self-efficacy and practices regarding trauma/injury FA
- To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the YoFA training program for SSC to respond to LTBs safely and promptly in their environs. Hypothesis 3: The YoFA training Program is effective in improving the KAP of SSC and it is usable within the school and community setting.
- To determine the barriers associated with implementing the YoFA program among early SSC in the Fako Division.
Hypothesis 4: There exist some barrier/challenges in implementing a YoFA training program in secondary schools.
METHODOLOGY
STUDY AREA:
The Southwest region is one of the two (2) English speaking regions of the 10 regions in Cameroon. These regions have been in some socio-political crises for seven (7) years now and there have been an increase in road traffic crashes and injuries for which prehospital care would have helped. But the absence of it and worsening of road conditions calls for more action geared towards prehospital care than not. The investigators saw this need and decided to build a first aid culture starting from the young. Fako division is one of the most accessible divisions due to the conflict in the Southwest with four (4) health districts; Buea, Limbe, Tiko and Muyuka. The Buea and Tiko Health Districts will be selected based on the district with the highest number of trauma cases recorded in the DHIS2 and the security situation within the region.
The highest number of trauma from 2020 to 2023 were 488,494,375, and 1281 for Buea Limbe, Muyuka and Tiko respectively. After Tiko, although Limbe is the next district with the next highest number of trauma and injury cases after Tiko, the investigators took Buea to avoid the confounding effects of the Lay First-responders (LFR) program taking place in Limbe
Study population:
The study population includes various stakeholders for the qualitative part, such as teachers, parents, school administrators and students in Buea and Tiko. The cross-sectional survey and intervention will focus on early secondary school students (Forms 1-3) aged 10-14, who are transitioning from primary school. The evaluation will involve students to assess the program's impact, challenges, and the need for refresher courses STUDY DESIGN A mixed-methods exploratory sequential approach, incorporating both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews.
Qualitative part:
The investigator and trained research assistants will do focused group discussions (FGDs) with parents, teachers, school administrators and students in groups of 5 to 12. From those, 2 other participants per group will be interviewed in-depth (IDIs). All these FGDs and IDIs will take place within the school campuses.
Quantitative Part:
The quantitative aspect will take part within the school campuses and involve administering questionnaires to students to assess their knowledge, attitudes (confidence), and practices (utilization/usability) of FA trauma/injury skills before and after their training. This will focus mostly on staying safe, calling for help and stopping a life-threatening bleed. The intervention will include training the intervention group in reasonable clusters of 15 to 20 students per group for 2.5 hours per day for 2 days in 2 weeks. Following this, a biweekly follow up will be performed with physical reminders of the group of students. The control will have no intervention.
The students will be trained within the school premises on Wednesdays, given that they have school half days then. The student participants will be followed up for 3 months after the main training sessions.
Sample Size Calculation Calculated at 134 participants for both the intervention and control groups (67) per group.
All assumptions considered are seen in the main protocol.
- Conditions
- Trauma/Injury Problem
- Being tested
- Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children
- Keywords
- Trauma/injury First aid, secondary school children, Young First Aiders (YoFA)
- Medical subject headings
- Accidental Injuries, Wounds and Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School childrenOther
Training Young First Aiders in Early Secondary School Children with a pre-, immediate post- and final post-tests to determine knowledge change.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Training of Young First Aiders in secondary schools | Experimental | Two arms have already been described. The control group will be observed with no intervention. Receives: Other: Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Overall Change in Knowledge on Injury and Trauma First Aid
We assessed knowledge of injuries and first aid using the same 24-question survey at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. We calculated the number of correct answers and converted them into a percentage score between 0% and 100%. A high score indicates a good outcome because more first aid knowledge has been acquired, while a low score indicates a poor outcome because little first aid knowledge has been acquired.
We also assessed the intervention group after 3 months to evaluate knowledge retention.
Measured: Baseline (Pretest) and 2 weeks (Immediate posttest)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Retention of Injury and Trauma First Aid Knowledge at 3 Months
First aid knowledge retention was assessed among intervention participants using the same 24-item knowledge questionnaire administered previously. Correct responses were converted to a percentage score ranging from 0% to 100%. Higher scores indicate greater retained first aid knowledge and a better outcome.
Measured: 3 months after the intervention
Usability and Acceptability of the First-Aid Training Program
We measured usability and acceptance of the first aid training program using a modified 10-question System Usability Scale (SUS). Respondents were asked to rate their opinions on each question on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Standard methods of scoring SUS questionnaires imply that the responses to positively stated questions must be subtracted from 1, whereas negatively stated questions are scored as 5 minus the response. After summing the adjusted scores, the result was multiplied by 2.5 to produce a total SUS score from 0 to 100. Scores above 68 may serve as a benchmark of average usability. Higher numbers indicate higher perceived usability and acceptance of the training program, whereas lower values indicate poor perceived usability and acceptance. We administered the SUS questionnaire only to respondents in the intervention group who received the evaluated training program.
Measured: At the end of the intervention (3-months after)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Aug 2025
- Study start11 Dec 2024
- Primary completion28 May 2025
- Study completion28 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Trauma/Injury ProblemStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- The intervention group will be trained on fundamental aspects of First Aid with a special focus on identifying and stopping life-threatening bleeds. The students will be trained in 4 groups of 20 students. Training will last 5 hours over 2 days, spread over 2 weeks. That is, once a week on the days during which they have a "half-day" of classes. Afterward, these will be followed up on a biweekly basis for 3 months before a final evaluation is made. We would also do an adapted system usability scale to see how usable the skills taught to the students were and the ease of use.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 166 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Buea
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tabe Orock-Benem Vanessa, University of Buea
- Investigators
- Alain Chichom Mefire, Professor of Surgery, Study chair, University of BueaAriane Christy Sabrinah, MD, Study director, University of California
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07110077
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 029/CRERSH/SW/C/11/2024
- Other IDs
- D43TW012186
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 21 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 21 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All IPD that underlie result
Publications
Joseph N, Kumar G, Babu Y, Nelliyanil M, Bhaskaran U. Knowledge of first aid skills among students of a medical college in mangalore city of South India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Mar;4(2):162-6. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.129022.
PubMed 24761231Brimmo FO, Babatunde AO, Ezefuna NN, Kanu MS, Biziyaremye P. The need for more medical schools in medically underserved regions in Africa. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 17;84:104967. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104967. eCollection 2022 Dec.
PubMed 36426098Pellegrino JL, Charlton N, Goolsby C. "Stop the Bleed" Education Assessment Tool (SBEAT): Development and Validation. Cureus. 2020 Sep 21;12(9):e10567. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10567.
PubMed 33101813De Buck E, Van Remoortel H, Dieltjens T, Verstraeten H, Clarysse M, Moens O, Vandekerckhove P. Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation. 2015 Sep;94:8-22. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
PubMed 26093230Tse E, Plakitsi K, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. Teaching Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillation in Children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 Sep 1;38(9):e1577. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002815. Epub 2022 Aug 9. No abstract available.
PubMed 35947075De Buck E, Laermans J, Vanhove AC, Dockx K, Vandekerckhove P, Geduld H. An educational pathway and teaching materials for first aid training of children in sub-Saharan Africa based on the best available evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 3;20(1):836. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08857-5.
PubMed 32493323Zideman DA, Singletary EM, Borra V, Cassan P, Cimpoesu CD, De Buck E, Djarv T, Handley AJ, Klaassen B, Meyran D, Oliver E, Poole K. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: First aid. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:270-290. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
PubMed 33773828Olmos-Gomez MDC, Ruiz-Garzon F, Pais-Roldan P, Lopez-Cordero R. Teaching First Aid to Prospective Teachers as a Way to Promote Child Healthcare. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 25;9(4):367. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9040367.
PubMed 33806034Scerbo MH, Holcomb JB, Taub E, Gates K, Love JD, Wade CE, Cotton BA. The trauma center is too late: Major limb trauma without a pre-hospital tourniquet has increased death from hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Dec;83(6):1165-1172. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001666.
PubMed 29190257Pais-Roldan P, Del Carmen Olmos-Gomez M, Cuevas-Rincon JM, Luque-Suarez M. Study on the Attitudes and Knowledge of Teachers and Future Teachers about Immediate Health Care Measures at School. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2022 Jul 20;12(7):854-869. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe12070062.
PubMed 35877462
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Implementing a Young First Aiders (YoFA) Training Program Amongst Early Secondary School Children on Injury and Trauma First Aid in Fako Division.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07110077
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 029/CRERSH/SW/C/11/2024
- Conditions
- Trauma/Injury Problem
- Keywords
- Trauma/injury First aid, secondary school children, Young First Aiders (YoFA)
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 166 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of BueaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
- Study start
- 11 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 21 Sep 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To save lives, alleviate pain, and prevent injuries from worsening before medical assistance can be summoned, first aid is essential. These fundamental skills are accessible to everyone, including young people. Worldwide, first aid training has consistently improved outcomes and reduced injury-related complications. Although first aid training for adults is widely available, it is equally important to equip young people in schools with these skills so they can defend themselves and support their communities.
'Young First Aiders' (YoFA) is a youth-specific first aid program that is the subject of this study, to be conducted in the Fako Division, Cameroon. Its primary goals are to:
- Determine how stakeholders view the YoFA program.
- Assess whether YoFA enhances the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of first aid among secondary school pupils.
- Determine the difficulties in providing this age group with first aid training.
- Assess the program's overall usefulness and efficacy.
The investigator will use a mixed-methods approach for the study in the Tiko and Buea health districts. It entails gathering extensive data via:
Focused group discussions, surveys, interviews, and scenario observations. To enable a direct comparison of results, one district will act as the intervention group and receive the YoFA training, while the other will act as the control group. To obtain a variety of viewpoints on the program, researchers will interview a large number of participants, including parents, educators, students, and administrators. Participants will complete customized surveys, which will be analyzed using Dedoose and R software to examine qualitative data from observations and interviews.
Expectations of this study include: Identifying barriers to making first aid instruction for children 10 to 14 years old successful, creating solutions to deal with these issues that have been identified. Moreover, to see if YoFA participants' first aid skills have improved, including their capacity to stay safe in an emergency, call for help, and offer prompt assistance (such as halting potentially fatal bleeding).
All this, to increase youth access to first aid training, which will help them develop a culture of readiness and self-assurance in managing crises as they get older; hence building a growing first aid culture to handle prehospital care.
Detailed description
PROBLEM STATEMENT Due to its limited inclusion in medical and educational curricula, first aid (FA) knowledge and practice are severely lacking, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Cameroon. According to WHO data, the majority of schools do not have operational dispensaries, and there is a serious shortage of medical personnel. Improvements in school health facilities have not kept up with the rise in student enrollment, and there are insufficient systems in place for referring students to medical facilities. It is essential to increase FA awareness among teachers and students, who are frequently the first to respond to incidents. FA skills can be improved and formal training may be encouraged in the future by implementing programs like YoFA with continuous refresher courses.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What community perceptions exist about children learning and/or using FA skills within the school setting or thereabouts?
- What is the level of Knowledge, the attitudes and practices (KAP) of early secondary school children (SSC) on injury/trauma FA?
- How efficacious and usable is an injury/trauma Young First Aiders' (YoFA) training program to early SSC and the community?
- What are the perceived barriers/challenges and benefits of the YoFA program in schools and the community?
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES General Objective
- To gain insights into the perceptions and barriers surrounding a Young First Aiders' (YoFA) training program on trauma/injury first aid in both the school setting and the community in the Fako Division.
- To assess and measurably improve KAP of SSC on trauma/injury FA using the YoFA training program in Fako Division.
Specific Objectives
- To understand the perspectives of stakeholders (school teachers, administrators, parents, community leaders and students) on a school-based FA training (YoFA) program among SSC. Hypothesis 1: The perspectives of stakeholders like school administrators, teachers, parents, community leaders, and school children needs to be understood to design a comprehensive YoFA program
- To assess school children's Knowledge, Attitudes (willingness to) and Practices (self-efficacy) (KAP) on trauma/injury FA via the built YoFA training to stop LTBs. Hypothesis 2: School children have limited knowledge, self-efficacy and practices regarding trauma/injury FA
- To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the YoFA training program for SSC to respond to LTBs safely and promptly in their environs. Hypothesis 3: The YoFA training Program is effective in improving the KAP of SSC and it is usable within the school and community setting.
- To determine the barriers associated with implementing the YoFA program among early SSC in the Fako Division.
Hypothesis 4: There exist some barrier/challenges in implementing a YoFA training program in secondary schools.
METHODOLOGY
STUDY AREA:
The Southwest region is one of the two (2) English speaking regions of the 10 regions in Cameroon. These regions have been in some socio-political crises for seven (7) years now and there have been an increase in road traffic crashes and injuries for which prehospital care would have helped. But the absence of it and worsening of road conditions calls for more action geared towards prehospital care than not. The investigators saw this need and decided to build a first aid culture starting from the young. Fako division is one of the most accessible divisions due to the conflict in the Southwest with four (4) health districts; Buea, Limbe, Tiko and Muyuka. The Buea and Tiko Health Districts will be selected based on the district with the highest number of trauma cases recorded in the DHIS2 and the security situation within the region.
The highest number of trauma from 2020 to 2023 were 488,494,375, and 1281 for Buea Limbe, Muyuka and Tiko respectively. After Tiko, although Limbe is the next district with the next highest number of trauma and injury cases after Tiko, the investigators took Buea to avoid the confounding effects of the Lay First-responders (LFR) program taking place in Limbe
Study population:
The study population includes various stakeholders for the qualitative part, such as teachers, parents, school administrators and students in Buea and Tiko. The cross-sectional survey and intervention will focus on early secondary school students (Forms 1-3) aged 10-14, who are transitioning from primary school. The evaluation will involve students to assess the program's impact, challenges, and the need for refresher courses STUDY DESIGN A mixed-methods exploratory sequential approach, incorporating both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews.
Qualitative part:
The investigator and trained research assistants will do focused group discussions (FGDs) with parents, teachers, school administrators and students in groups of 5 to 12. From those, 2 other participants per group will be interviewed in-depth (IDIs). All these FGDs and IDIs will take place within the school campuses.
Quantitative Part:
The quantitative aspect will take part within the school campuses and involve administering questionnaires to students to assess their knowledge, attitudes (confidence), and practices (utilization/usability) of FA trauma/injury skills before and after their training. This will focus mostly on staying safe, calling for help and stopping a life-threatening bleed. The intervention will include training the intervention group in reasonable clusters of 15 to 20 students per group for 2.5 hours per day for 2 days in 2 weeks. Following this, a biweekly follow up will be performed with physical reminders of the group of students. The control will have no intervention.
The students will be trained within the school premises on Wednesdays, given that they have school half days then. The student participants will be followed up for 3 months after the main training sessions.
Sample Size Calculation Calculated at 134 participants for both the intervention and control groups (67) per group.
All assumptions considered are seen in the main protocol.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- The intervention group will be trained on fundamental aspects of First Aid with a special focus on identifying and stopping life-threatening bleeds. The students will be trained in 4 groups of 20 students. Training will last 5 hours over 2 days, spread over 2 weeks. That is, once a week on the days during which they have a "half-day" of classes. Afterward, these will be followed up on a biweekly basis for 3 months before a final evaluation is made. We would also do an adapted system usability scale to see how usable the skills taught to the students were and the ease of use.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Training of Young First Aiders in secondary schools | Experimental | Other: Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School childrenTwo arms have already been described. The control group will be observed with no intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- For the Quantitative part
- Form one (1) to three (3) students (ages 10 to 14 years) in five (5) state secondary schools (SSS) in Tiko and Buea health districts who are willing to participate in the study.
- Students officially enrolled in the school for the academic year
- Those students whose parents consent for their children to be part of the study.
- For the Qualitative part
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Any child who is not in forms 1 to 3 (10 to 14 years old) in the selected schools
- Any student who misses any of the training sessions
- Any student who willingly backs out of the study.
- Any child whose parents do not give parental consent for them to be part of the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School childrenTraining Young First Aiders in Early Secondary School Children with a pre-, immediate post- and final post-tests to determine knowledge change. | Other | Training of Young First Aiders in secondary schools |
Primary outcome
Overall Change in Knowledge on Injury and Trauma First Aid
Time frame: Baseline (Pretest) and 2 weeks (Immediate posttest)
We assessed knowledge of injuries and first aid using the same 24-question survey at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. We calculated the number of correct answers and converted them into a percentage score between 0% and 100%. A high score indicates a good outcome because more first aid knowledge has been acquired, while a low score indicates a poor outcome because little first aid knowledge has been acquired. We also assessed the intervention group after 3 months to evaluate knowledge retention.
2 secondary outcomes
Retention of Injury and Trauma First Aid Knowledge at 3 Months
Time frame: 3 months after the intervention
Usability and Acceptability of the First-Aid Training Program
Time frame: At the end of the intervention (3-months after)
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Sep 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 24761231Joseph N, Kumar G, Babu Y, Nelliyanil M, Bhaskaran U. Knowledge of first aid skills among students of a medical college in mangalore city of South India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014 Mar;4(2):162-6. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.129022.
- Background: PubMed 36426098Brimmo FO, Babatunde AO, Ezefuna NN, Kanu MS, Biziyaremye P. The need for more medical schools in medically underserved regions in Africa. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 17;84:104967. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104967. eCollection 2022 Dec.
- Background: PubMed 33101813Pellegrino JL, Charlton N, Goolsby C. "Stop the Bleed" Education Assessment Tool (SBEAT): Development and Validation. Cureus. 2020 Sep 21;12(9):e10567. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10567.
- Background: PubMed 26093230De Buck E, Van Remoortel H, Dieltjens T, Verstraeten H, Clarysse M, Moens O, Vandekerckhove P. Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula. Resuscitation. 2015 Sep;94:8-22. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.008. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
- Background: PubMed 35947075Tse E, Plakitsi K, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. Teaching Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillation in Children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 Sep 1;38(9):e1577. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002815. Epub 2022 Aug 9. No abstract available.
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- Contains documents for information related to this protocolLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All IPD that underlie result
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alain Chichom Mefire, Professor of Surgery study chair
University of Buea
Ariane Christy Sabrinah, MD study director
University of California
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Young First Aiders Traing of Early Secondry School children in people with Trauma/Injury Problem, run by University of Buea at 1 site in Cameroon.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Cameroon. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 21 Sep 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Overall Change in Knowledge on Injury and Trauma First Aid (time frame: Baseline (Pretest) and 2 weeks (Immediate posttest)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07110077, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Sep 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.