Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior ChangeNCT07087444
The Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention in Enhancing Personal Protective Equipment Use
A study testing Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in people with Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior Change, run by University of Buea at 1 site in Cameroon.
Trial summary
This study is testing whether a health education program can help commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon improve their use of safety equipment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior Change
- What is being tested?
- Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 967 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCameroon
- Study dates
- 15 May 2024to 15 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18 years and above
- Commercial motorcycle riders or regular motorcycle passengers
- Residing or operating in the Limbe or Tiko Health District
- Willing and able to provide informed consent
- Able to participate in both baseline and follow-up assessments
Who cannot join
- Individuals who declined to provide informed consent
- Individuals who were not available for follow-up or unwilling to participate in follow-up assessments
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention in Enhancing Personal Protective Equipment and Visibility Material Use Among Commercial Motorcycle Riders and Passengers in the Limbe and Tiko Health District of Cameroon
This study is testing whether a health education program can help commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon improve their use of safety equipment. These include items like helmets, reflective jackets, and other materials that help riders and passengers be more visible and protected on the road.
People who ride or travel on motorcycles are at high risk for road injuries, especially when visibility is low. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials can prevent many of these injuries, but many riders do not use them regularly.
Read more
The study involves educating riders and passengers through group sessions and follow-up messages about the importance of safety gear. The investigators will compare the use of PPE and visibility materials before and after the health education intervention to see if it made a difference.
Adults aged 18 and older who ride or travel on motorcycles in Limbe or Tiko are eligible to participate. The study will last several months and does not involve any drugs or medical procedures. There is no known risk to participants.
The results will help guide future road safety programs in Cameroon and other similar settings
Read the detailed description
Commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in Cameroon face a high burden of road traffic injuries, especially in crisis-affected areas like the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts. Poor road visibility, limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low awareness of road safety practices contribute significantly to these injuries.
Despite the known benefits of PPE such as helmets, reflective jackets, and visibility materials, their uptake remains low. Previous studies have shown that health education can improve safety behaviors, but there is limited evidence on its effectiveness in increasing the use of PPE and visibility materials in this high-risk population.
This study aims to assess the impact of a targeted health education intervention on the uptake of PPE and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers. The intervention includes interactive education sessions, distribution of educational materials, and follow-up communication through SMS. Participants' knowledge, attitudes, and use of safety equipment will be measured before and after the intervention to evaluate effectiveness.
The findings from this study will support the design of scalable and community-driven road safety interventions and may inform national policy and programming to reduce road traffic injuries in Cameroon and similar low-resource settings.
- Being tested
- Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers
- Keywords
- Motorcycle safety, personal protective equipment, visibility materials, road injury prevention, health education, commercial riders, Cameroon, road safety
- Medical subject headings
- Health Education
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengersBehavioural
This intervention consists of a structured health education program targeting commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe Health District. It includes interactive group sessions focused on the importance, benefits, and correct use of personal protective equipment (helmets, reflective jackets) and visibility materials (reflective strips, lights). Educational materials such as leaflets and posters are distributed to reinforce learning. Additionally, participants receive follow-up SMS reminders to encourage consistent and proper use of protective gear. The goal is to increase awareness and uptake of safety measures to reduce road traffic injuries. This intervention is community-based and tailored to the local context in Cameroon.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 Title: Intervention Group (Limbe Health District) | Experimental | Participants in the Limbe Health District receive a structured health education intervention designed to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials. The intervention includes interactive group sessions, distribution of educational materials, and follow-up reminders via SMS to reinforce safe riding practices. This aims to increase the consistent use of helmets, reflective jackets, and other visibility aids to reduce road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers. Receives: Behavioral: Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers |
| Arm 2 Title: Control Group (Tiko Health District) | No intervention | Participants in the Tiko Health District serve as the control group and do not receive the health education intervention during the study period. They continue their usual practices without additional education or support related to personal protective equipment or visibility materials. This allows comparison to assess the effectiveness of the intervention delivered in Limbe. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials
Change in the proportion of motorcycle riders and passengers reporting consistent use of PPE (helmets, reflective jackets) and visibility materials (reflective strips, lights) before and after the intervention.
Measured: From enrollment to endline at 6 months
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in knowledge level on the importance of PPE and visibility materials
Improvement in participants' knowledge scores (based on a structured questionnaire) about the role of PPE and visibility materials in road safety.
Measured: 6 months
Change in attitudes toward use of PPE and visibility materials
Improvement in participants' attitude scores toward the regular and appropriate use of PPE and visibility materials.
Measured: Baseline and 6 months post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jul 2025
- Study start15 May 2024
- Primary completion30 Nov 2025
- Study completion15 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior ChangeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study uses a parallel assignment design involving two groups: the intervention group in Limbe Health District, which receives a health education program to improve uptake of personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials, and the control group in Tiko Health District, which does not receive the intervention during the study period. Both groups are followed simultaneously to compare changes in knowledge, attitudes, and use of safety equipment. Participants are commercial motorcycle riders and passengers aged 18 years and above. This design allows assessment of the effectiveness of the health education intervention by comparing outcomes between intervention and control communities.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 967 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Buea
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Berkeley, Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Chrisantus Eweh Ukah, University of Buea
- Investigators
- Chrisantus Eweh Ukah, PhD Fellow, Principal investigator, UNIVERSITY OF BUEA, Cameroon
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07087444
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2490-03
- Other IDs
- D43TW012186
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 20 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the study will be made available after de-identification. Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal and agree to use the data only for research purposes. Data will be available starting 6 months after publication and for up to 5 years. To request access, contact the Principal Investigator at \[your email\].
Publications
Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, McCoy SI, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Hemono R, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Knowledge and attitudes of commercial motorcyclists on personal protective equipment in the crisis-affected Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon toward injury prevention: A formative research study for a health education intervention. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 May 7:2025.05.06.25327113. doi: 10.1101/2025.05.06.25327113.
PubMed 40385440Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Impact of a health education intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and use of visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders: a quasi-experimental study in Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2026 Aug 7;26(1):3185. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-28951-4.
PubMed 42977969Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Impact of a health education intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and use of visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders: a quasi-experimental study in Cameroon. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2026 Mar 27:rs.3.rs-9163081. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9163081/v1.
PubMed 41928805
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention in Enhancing Personal Protective Equipment and Visibility Material Use Among Commercial Motorcycle Riders and Passengers in the Limbe and Tiko Health District of Cameroon
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07087444
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2490-03
- Keywords
- Motorcycle safety, personal protective equipment, visibility materials, road injury prevention, health education, commercial riders, Cameroon, road safety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 967 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of BueaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Berkeley, Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
- Study start
- 15 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is testing whether a health education program can help commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon improve their use of safety equipment. These include items like helmets, reflective jackets, and other materials that help riders and passengers be more visible and protected on the road.
People who ride or travel on motorcycles are at high risk for road injuries, especially when visibility is low. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials can prevent many of these injuries, but many riders do not use them regularly.
The study involves educating riders and passengers through group sessions and follow-up messages about the importance of safety gear. The investigators will compare the use of PPE and visibility materials before and after the health education intervention to see if it made a difference.
Adults aged 18 and older who ride or travel on motorcycles in Limbe or Tiko are eligible to participate. The study will last several months and does not involve any drugs or medical procedures. There is no known risk to participants.
The results will help guide future road safety programs in Cameroon and other similar settings
Detailed description
Commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in Cameroon face a high burden of road traffic injuries, especially in crisis-affected areas like the Limbe and Tiko Health Districts. Poor road visibility, limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low awareness of road safety practices contribute significantly to these injuries.
Despite the known benefits of PPE such as helmets, reflective jackets, and visibility materials, their uptake remains low. Previous studies have shown that health education can improve safety behaviors, but there is limited evidence on its effectiveness in increasing the use of PPE and visibility materials in this high-risk population.
This study aims to assess the impact of a targeted health education intervention on the uptake of PPE and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers. The intervention includes interactive education sessions, distribution of educational materials, and follow-up communication through SMS. Participants' knowledge, attitudes, and use of safety equipment will be measured before and after the intervention to evaluate effectiveness.
The findings from this study will support the design of scalable and community-driven road safety interventions and may inform national policy and programming to reduce road traffic injuries in Cameroon and similar low-resource settings.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study uses a parallel assignment design involving two groups: the intervention group in Limbe Health District, which receives a health education program to improve uptake of personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials, and the control group in Tiko Health District, which does not receive the intervention during the study period. Both groups are followed simultaneously to compare changes in knowledge, attitudes, and use of safety equipment. Participants are commercial motorcycle riders and passengers aged 18 years and above. This design allows assessment of the effectiveness of the health education intervention by comparing outcomes between intervention and control communities.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 Title: Intervention Group (Limbe Health District) | Experimental | Behavioral: Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengersParticipants in the Limbe Health District receive a structured health education intervention designed to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and visibility materials. The intervention includes interactive group sessions, distribution of educational materials, and follow-up reminders via SMS to reinforce safe riding practices. This aims to increase the consistent use of helmets, reflective jackets, and other visibility aids to reduce road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers. |
| Arm 2 Title: Control Group (Tiko Health District) | No intervention | –Participants in the Tiko Health District serve as the control group and do not receive the health education intervention during the study period. They continue their usual practices without additional education or support related to personal protective equipment or visibility materials. This allows comparison to assess the effectiveness of the intervention delivered in Limbe. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Adults aged 18 years and above
- Commercial motorcycle riders or regular motorcycle passengers
- Residing or operating in the Limbe or Tiko Health District
- Willing and able to provide informed consent
- Able to participate in both baseline and follow-up assessments
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Individuals who declined to provide informed consent
- Individuals who were not available for follow-up or unwilling to participate in follow-up assessments
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengersThis intervention consists of a structured health education program targeting commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in the Limbe Health District. It includes interactive group sessions focused on the importance, benefits, and correct use of personal protective equipment (helmets, reflective jackets) and visibility materials (reflective strips, lights). Educational materials such as leaflets and posters are distributed to reinforce learning. Additionally, participants receive follow-up SMS reminders to encourage consistent and proper use of protective gear. The goal is to increase awareness and uptake of safety measures to reduce road traffic injuries. This intervention is community-based and tailored to the local context in Cameroon. | Behavioural | Arm 1 Title: Intervention Group (Limbe Health District) |
Primary outcome
Uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials
Time frame: From enrollment to endline at 6 months
Change in the proportion of motorcycle riders and passengers reporting consistent use of PPE (helmets, reflective jackets) and visibility materials (reflective strips, lights) before and after the intervention.
2 secondary outcomes
Change in knowledge level on the importance of PPE and visibility materials
Time frame: 6 months
Change in attitudes toward use of PPE and visibility materials
Time frame: Baseline and 6 months post-intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Jul 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 40385440Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, McCoy SI, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Hemono R, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Knowledge and attitudes of commercial motorcyclists on personal protective equipment in the crisis-affected Limbe and Tiko Health Districts of Cameroon toward injury prevention: A formative research study for a health education intervention. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 May 7:2025.05.06.25327113. doi: 10.1101/2025.05.06.25327113.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42977969Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Impact of a health education intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and use of visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders: a quasi-experimental study in Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2026 Aug 7;26(1):3185. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-28951-4.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41928805Ukah CE, Tendongfor N, Hubbard A, Tanue EA, Oke R, Bassah N, Yunika LK, Ngu CN, Christie SA, Nsagha DS, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Impact of a health education intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and use of visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders: a quasi-experimental study in Cameroon. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2026 Mar 27:rs.3.rs-9163081. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9163081/v1.
- Preprint of the study on knowledge and attitudes of commercial motorcyclists regarding personal protective equipment in Limbe and Tiko Health Districts, Cameroon, available on medRxiv.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the study will be made available after de-identification. Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal and agree to use the data only for research purposes. Data will be available starting 6 months after publication and for up to 5 years. To request access, contact the Principal Investigator at [your email].
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chrisantus Eweh Ukah, PhD Fellow principal investigator
UNIVERSITY OF BUEA, Cameroon
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Health education intervention to improve knowledge and uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders and passengers in people with Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Motorcycle Safety, Personal Protective Equipment Use, Visibility Materials, Injury Prevention Education, Health Behavior Change, run by University of Buea at 1 site in Cameroon.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Cameroon. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Uptake of personal protective equipment and visibility materials (time frame: From enrollment to endline at 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07087444, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Jul 2026.