Chronic Apical PeriodontitisNCT07033247
The Effect of Different Sodium Hypochlorite Concentrations and Activation Techniques on Postoperative Pain
A study testing EDDY Sonic Activation System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) in people with Chronic Apical Periodontitis, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentrations and irrigation activation techniques on the intensity of postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment in molar teeth with asymptomatic chronic apical periodontitis. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Apical Periodontitis
- What is being tested?
- EDDY Sonic Activation System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 11 Dec 2024to 27 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients aged between 16 and 60 years
- Systemically healthy individuals
- Presence of mandibular or maxillary first or second molar diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic apical periodontitis
- Negative response to electric pulp test, cold test, percussion and palpation tests
- Teeth eligible for single-visit root canal treatment
- Patients who provided written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
- Patients with uncontrolled systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hematologic disorders)
- Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy
- Individuals with infective endocarditis or immunosuppressive conditions
- Patients requiring antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental treatment
- Use of anti-inflammatory or analgesic medications within 24 hours before treatment
- Teeth with calcified canals, internal/external resorption, or root fractures
- Patients unable to attend follow-up appointments or complete pain assessment forms
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Different Sodium Hypochlorite Concentrations and Activation Techniques on Postoperative Pain in Permanent Molars With Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentrations and irrigation activation techniques on the intensity of postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment in molar teeth with asymptomatic chronic apical periodontitis.
The primary research questions of this study were as follows:
Read more
Does using 2.5% or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution during root canal irrigation influence the severity of postoperative pain? Do activation techniques such as sonic activation using EDDY (a flexible polyamide tip-driven sonic irrigation device operating at 6,000 Hz; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) significantly reduce postoperative pain compared to conventional needle irrigation? In the non-activation groups, root canals were irrigated with 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl using a 30-gauge side-vented needle without any further activation.
In the EDDY groups, root canals were irrigated using 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl, followed by activation with a flexible polyamide EDDY tip (25/04) at 6,000 Hz, three times for 20 seconds.
In the PUI groups, root canals were irrigated using 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl, and then subjected to passive ultrasonic activation with a suitable ultrasonic tip three times for 20 seconds, without contacting dentinal walls.
- Conditions
- Chronic Apical Periodontitis
- Being tested
- EDDY Sonic Activation System, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)
- Keywords
- Sodium hypochlorite, Chronic apical periodontitis, Postoperative pain, Irrigation activation, Passive ultrasonic irrigation
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
EDDY Sonic Activation SystemDevice
EDDY is a sonic irrigation activation system operating at 6,000 Hz frequency with a flexible polyamide tip (25/04). In endodontic procedures, the EDDY tip is inserted 2 mm short of the working length into the root canal and activated for 20 seconds in three consecutive cycles. The sonic activation enhances irrigant agitation through cavitation and acoustic streaming, improving cleaning efficacy within the root canal system, especially in curved canals. The device does not contact dentin walls, reducing the risk of iatrogenic damage. In this study, EDDY was used to activate sodium hypochlorite solutions of either 2.5% or 5.25% concentration depending on the assigned group.
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)Device
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) involves the use of an ultrasonically activated file or tip inserted into the root canal 2 mm short of the working length, without contacting the dentinal walls. The ultrasonic tip is operated in a non-cutting, passive manner to generate acoustic streaming and cavitation within the irrigant. In this study, after initial irrigation with 2 mL of sodium hypochlorite (either 2.5% or 5.25%, depending on the group), ultrasonic activation was performed for 20 seconds in three consecutive cycles. Each activation was followed by 1 mL NaOCl irrigation. This method is designed to enhance the penetration and effectiveness of irrigants, especially in anatomically complex areas of the root canal system.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 2.5% NaOCl - Neddle Irrigation | No intervention | Irrigation was performed with a 30 G side-vented needle using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A total of 11 mL NaOCl was used: 2 mL after coronal preparation, 2 mL after middle third, 2 mL after apical third preparation, and 5 mL as final irrigation. Canals were then flushed with 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA). |
| 2.5% NaOCl - EDDY Activation | Experimental | Following 2 mL irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, canals were activated using the EDDY sonic system (25/04 polyamide tip, 6000 Hz) 2 mm short of working length for 20 seconds, repeated 3 times. Between activations, 1 mL NaOCl was used. Total 11 mL NaOCl was delivered. Final irrigation was performed with 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. Receives: Device: EDDY Sonic Activation System |
| 2.5% NaOCl - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation | Experimental | Canals were irrigated with 2 mL 2.5% NaOCl and activated using a passive ultrasonic tip without contact with dentin walls, 2 mm short of working length for 20 seconds, repeated 3 times. Each cycle was followed by 1 mL NaOCl. Final irrigation included 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. Receives: Device: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) |
| 5.25% NaOCl - Needle Irrigation | No intervention | Irrigation was performed with a 30 G side-vented needle using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. A total of 11 mL NaOCl was used as in the other groups. Final irrigation included 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. |
| 5.25% NaOCl - EDDY Activation | Experimental | Following 2 mL irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl, EDDY activation was performed (as described in Arm 2), with 1 mL NaOCl used between activations. Final irrigation was performed with 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. Receives: Device: EDDY Sonic Activation System |
| 5.25% NaOCl - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation | Experimental | After irrigation with 2 mL of 5.25% NaOCl, canals were activated using a passive ultrasonic tip (as in Arm 3), with 1 mL NaOCl used between activations. Final irrigation consisted of 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. Receives: Device: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
The visual analog scale for pain is a straight line with one end meaning no pain (0) and the other end meaning the worst pain (10) imaginable. A patient marks a point on the line that matches the amount of pain he or she feels. It may be used to help choose the right dose of pain medicine. Also called VAS.
Measured: up to 72 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Jun 2025
- Study start11 Dec 2024
- Primary completion25 Mar 2025
- Study completion27 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic Apical PeriodontitisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cukurova UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Kübra Gürler, Cukurova University
- Investigators
- Koray Yılmaz, DDS MSc, Principal investigator, Cukurova University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07033247
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 08.11.2024/149
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 13 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 27 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Erkan E, Gundogar M, Uslu G, Ozyurek T. Postoperative pain after SWEEPS, PIPS, sonic and ultrasonic-assisted irrigation activation techniques: a randomized clinical trial. Odontology. 2022 Oct;110(4):786-794. doi: 10.1007/s10266-022-00700-0. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
PubMed 35267110
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Different Sodium Hypochlorite Concentrations and Activation Techniques on Postoperative Pain in Permanent Molars With Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07033247
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 08.11.2024/149
- Conditions
- Chronic Apical Periodontitis
- Keywords
- Sodium hypochlorite, Chronic apical periodontitis, Postoperative pain, Irrigation activation, Passive ultrasonic irrigation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentrations and irrigation activation techniques on the intensity of postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment in molar teeth with asymptomatic chronic apical periodontitis.
The primary research questions of this study were as follows:
Does using 2.5% or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution during root canal irrigation influence the severity of postoperative pain? Do activation techniques such as sonic activation using EDDY (a flexible polyamide tip-driven sonic irrigation device operating at 6,000 Hz; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) significantly reduce postoperative pain compared to conventional needle irrigation? In the non-activation groups, root canals were irrigated with 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl using a 30-gauge side-vented needle without any further activation.
In the EDDY groups, root canals were irrigated using 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl, followed by activation with a flexible polyamide EDDY tip (25/04) at 6,000 Hz, three times for 20 seconds.
In the PUI groups, root canals were irrigated using 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl, and then subjected to passive ultrasonic activation with a suitable ultrasonic tip three times for 20 seconds, without contacting dentinal walls.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 2.5% NaOCl - Neddle Irrigation | No intervention | –Irrigation was performed with a 30 G side-vented needle using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A total of 11 mL NaOCl was used: 2 mL after coronal preparation, 2 mL after middle third, 2 mL after apical third preparation, and 5 mL as final irrigation. Canals were then flushed with 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA). |
| 2.5% NaOCl - EDDY Activation | Experimental | Device: EDDY Sonic Activation SystemFollowing 2 mL irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, canals were activated using the EDDY sonic system (25/04 polyamide tip, 6000 Hz) 2 mm short of working length for 20 seconds, repeated 3 times. Between activations, 1 mL NaOCl was used. Total 11 mL NaOCl was delivered. Final irrigation was performed with 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. |
| 2.5% NaOCl - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation | Experimental | Device: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)Canals were irrigated with 2 mL 2.5% NaOCl and activated using a passive ultrasonic tip without contact with dentin walls, 2 mm short of working length for 20 seconds, repeated 3 times. Each cycle was followed by 1 mL NaOCl. Final irrigation included 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. |
| 5.25% NaOCl - Needle Irrigation | No intervention | –Irrigation was performed with a 30 G side-vented needle using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. A total of 11 mL NaOCl was used as in the other groups. Final irrigation included 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. |
| 5.25% NaOCl - EDDY Activation | Experimental | Device: EDDY Sonic Activation SystemFollowing 2 mL irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl, EDDY activation was performed (as described in Arm 2), with 1 mL NaOCl used between activations. Final irrigation was performed with 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. |
| 5.25% NaOCl - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation | Experimental | Device: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)After irrigation with 2 mL of 5.25% NaOCl, canals were activated using a passive ultrasonic tip (as in Arm 3), with 1 mL NaOCl used between activations. Final irrigation consisted of 2 mL saline and 2 mL 17% EDTA. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients aged between 16 and 60 years
- Systemically healthy individuals
- Presence of mandibular or maxillary first or second molar diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic apical periodontitis
- Negative response to electric pulp test, cold test, percussion and palpation tests
- Teeth eligible for single-visit root canal treatment
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
- Patients with uncontrolled systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hematologic disorders)
- Patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy
- Individuals with infective endocarditis or immunosuppressive conditions
- Patients requiring antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental treatment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| EDDY Sonic Activation SystemEDDY is a sonic irrigation activation system operating at 6,000 Hz frequency with a flexible polyamide tip (25/04). In endodontic procedures, the EDDY tip is inserted 2 mm short of the working length into the root canal and activated for 20 seconds in three consecutive cycles. The sonic activation enhances irrigant agitation through cavitation and acoustic streaming, improving cleaning efficacy within the root canal system, especially in curved canals. The device does not contact dentin walls, reducing the risk of iatrogenic damage. In this study, EDDY was used to activate sodium hypochlorite solutions of either 2.5% or 5.25% concentration depending on the assigned group. | Device | 2.5% NaOCl - EDDY Activation, 5.25% NaOCl - EDDY Activation |
| Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) involves the use of an ultrasonically activated file or tip inserted into the root canal 2 mm short of the working length, without contacting the dentinal walls. The ultrasonic tip is operated in a non-cutting, passive manner to generate acoustic streaming and cavitation within the irrigant. In this study, after initial irrigation with 2 mL of sodium hypochlorite (either 2.5% or 5.25%, depending on the group), ultrasonic activation was performed for 20 seconds in three consecutive cycles. Each activation was followed by 1 mL NaOCl irrigation. This method is designed to enhance the penetration and effectiveness of irrigants, especially in anatomically complex areas of the root canal system. | Device | 2.5% NaOCl - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation, 5.25% NaOCl - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation |
Primary outcome
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
Time frame: up to 72 hours
The visual analog scale for pain is a straight line with one end meaning no pain (0) and the other end meaning the worst pain (10) imaginable. A patient marks a point on the line that matches the amount of pain he or she feels. It may be used to help choose the right dose of pain medicine. Also called VAS.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jun 2025.
- Background: PubMed 35267110Erkan E, Gundogar M, Uslu G, Ozyurek T. Postoperative pain after SWEEPS, PIPS, sonic and ultrasonic-assisted irrigation activation techniques: a randomized clinical trial. Odontology. 2022 Oct;110(4):786-794. doi: 10.1007/s10266-022-00700-0. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Koray Yılmaz, DDS MSc principal investigator
Cukurova University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing EDDY Sonic Activation System and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) in people with Chronic Apical Periodontitis, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (time frame: up to 72 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07033247, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jun 2025.