Postural BalanceNCT06929351
Effect of Otago Exercise Program in Comparison With Dual Task Training on Balance and Postural Control in Elderly Population
A study testing otago exercise and Dual task exercise in people with Postural Balance and Posture, run by Foundation University Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Balance and postural control are major concerns in reduction of risk of fall among older adults. Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program are commonly used approaches to improve balance, functional mobility and postural control. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Postural Balance, Posture, Aged
- What is being tested?
- otago exercise and Dual task exercise
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 12 Sep 2024to 15 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age ≥ 60 years
- both male and female,
- Older adults who are functionally independent,
- Can walk independently or with assistive devices will be considered typical healthy,
- Can sit to stand with or without support,
- Mini-mental status examination ≥ 24.
Who cannot join
- history of fracture especially in the lower limb,
- major cognitive issues (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, dementia),
- major orthopedic problems (e.g. lower limb fractures, amputation),
- neurological disease (e.g. stroke, Parkinson disease) or any other comorbidities that restrict mobility
- marked impairment of visual and vestibular function.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Foundation University College of Physical Thrapy
Islamabad, 44000
About this study
Balance and postural control are major concerns in reduction of risk of fall among older adults. Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program are commonly used approaches to improve balance, functional mobility and postural control. However, limited studies have compared the efficacy of Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program in improving balance and functional mobility. One-third to one-half of the population over age 60 reports injuries due to fall because of the high incidence of balance and mobility disorders in older adults, interventions are necessary that optimize the performance of balance- and mobility-related activities among older adults. The aim of the current study to find out better intervention which will benefit the clinicians and physiotherapists in clinical decision making of managing the geriatric population, suffering fear of fall, going to effect on their daily livings, with evidence.
Read the detailed description
Objective of study:
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population.
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population.
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population.
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on reduction the fear of fall in elderly population. Significance of study
- The study will be going to highlight whether healthy older adults who perform Otago exercise program would show significant improvement on balance and postural control in comparison with dual task training program.
- Through this research medical professionals may identify the best treatment protocol in reduction of fear of fall among older adults.
- This study will helpful for the physiotherapists in clinical decision making of managing the geriatric population, suffering fear of fall, going to effect on their daily livings, with evidence.
- It will provide research data for further study and fill the research gap. Alternate hypothsis
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population. (p<0.05)
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population. (p<0.05).
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on fear of fall in elderly population. (p<0.05)
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population (p<0.05).
Null hupothesis
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on fear of fall in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- Conditions
- Postural Balance, Posture, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Fall Prevention, Muscle Strength
- Being tested
- otago exercise, Dual task exercise
- Keywords
- Otago exercise program, dual task training, balance, postural control, functional mobility, risk of fall, older adults, berg balance scale, TUG, dynamic gait index, FES-I
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
otago exerciseProcedure or surgery
Otago exercise program group 40 min/ thrice a week/ 8 weeks
1st week strengthening of knee flexors( prone lying), extensors ( in sitting) ,abductors( in standing) with 1-2 kg ankle cuff. Dorsi flexors, planter flexors(in standing on weight)/ hold 5-10 sec 5 reps/ 2 sets 2nd week Strengthening same as week 1 balance exercises.Knee bending( standing),tandem stance,sit to stand / with support/ 5-10 reps/2 sets 3rd week strengthening of all above Ms group with increase weight 2-3 kg ankle cuff or participant (The exercises are of moderate intensity; the person should not get unduly tired) balance exercise as 2nd week 4th week strengthening exs as in 3rd week balance exs: Knee bending, tandem stance( without support), forward walk,walking and turning around, side walk, one leg stand,sit to stand, stair climb( all with support)/5-10 reps 5th week strengthening exs of above ms group increase either weight 3-4 kg or repetitions 10-15 or hold time 10-15 sec 6th week strengthening same as 5
Dual task exerciseProcedure or surgery
Balance exercises and secondary cognitive task simultaneously 40 min/ thrice a week/ 8 weeks
- st week Balance exercises: Narrow-base standing on the floor (firm surface) with eyes open and closed, Tandem standing on the floor with eyes open and closed, Single-leg standing on the floor with eyes open and closed, Wide-base walking on the floor, Chair sitting to standing transfer Cognitive tasks: Naming a group of cities; foodstuff; boy names; or girl names starting with A,I, S, and T sounds/ 3 trails
- nd week Balance exercise: Narrow-base standing on the floor with open eyes while moving arms, Forward lunge standing on the floor with eyes open, Narrow-base walking on the floor, keeping balance while sitting on a ball and moving arms in different directions Cognitive task: Backward counting from 50,Count by multiple(3,6,9…….)/3trails Week 3 Balance exercises: Narrow-base standing on a foam with eyes open and closed, Tandem standing on a foam with eyes open and closed, Backward walking on
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Otago exercise group | Experimental | Otago exercise program consist of strengthening exercise of lower limb muscles and along with balance exercises. Knee flexors, knee extensors and hip abductors, which are particularly important or functional movements and walking. Ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles, which are particularly important for recovering balance. Ankle cuff weights provide resistance to the knee flexors, knee extensors and hip abductors; the ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors are strengthened using body weight alone. The balance exercises are dynamic as well as static. They can help to maintain balance, postural control and functional mobility.
The program was designed specifically to prevent falls. It consists of a set of leg muscle strengthening and balance retraining exercises progressing in difficulty, and a walking plan. The exercises are individually prescribed and increase in difficulty during a series of visits under a trained instructor. ankle cuff weights (starting at 1kg) t Receives: Procedure: otago exercise |
| Dual task group | Experimental | Dual task training (DTT) is an intervention that involves performing two tasks simultaneously, typically a motor task (e.g., walking, standing) and a cognitive task (e.g., solving a mental puzzle, counting). The aim is to improve balance, postural control, functional mobility, and cognitive function, which are crucial for reducing the risk of falls among older adults. As people age, they experience declines in several areas, including: Reduced muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination make movements like walking or maintaining balance more difficult, Declines in attention, memory, and executive functions (e.g., problem-solving, decision- making) can make it challenging to focus on multiple things at once. For older adults, this dual tasking can increase the risk of imbalance and falls. DTT aims to improve older adults' ability to manage these simultaneous demands, making daily life safer and more manageable. Dual task training focuses on performing a motor task and a c Receives: Procedure: Dual task exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Balance
Berg balance scale is used to assess static and dynamic balance having 14 balance tasks Scoring: 5-point ordinal scale (graded 0-4) , Max score = 56 41-56 = low fall risk, 21-40 = medium fall risk, 0 -20 = high fall risk Perform at the start of treatment protocol, after 4 weeks and at the end of intervention
Measured: 8 weeks
Postural Control
tool used for assessment of postural control is Dynamic gait index. It includes eight items, A four-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-3. "0" indicates the lowest level of function and "3" the highest level of function.
Total Score = 24. < 19/24 = predictive of falls in the elderly, > 22/24 = safe ambulators
Measured: 8 weeks
risk of fall
tool used to assess fall risk is FES-I. 16 items Questionnaire. individuals are instructed to score their concern of falling during an activity on a 4 point Likert scale with 1 as not concerned at all and 4 as very concerned. The item scores are summed up to obtain a total of 64. ≤ 16= no concern about falling > 16= concern about falling
Measured: 8 weeks
Functional Mobility
tool used for assessment of functional mobility is Timed Up And Go. Uses 1 practice/3 trials for average score. If the participant perform it with in 10 sec will be consider normal, > 10 second= impaired functional mobility lead to moderate to high risk of fall.
Measured: 8 weeks
Functional Mobility Strength
Tool used for assessment of functional mobility strength is Sit to stand 30 sec: The score is the total number of stands with in 30 sec. For men and women above 60 years normal average score is 15 and 12 respectively below average score indicates a risk.
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Apr 2025
- Study start12 Sep 2024
- Primary completion15 Mar 2025
- Study completion15 Apr 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Postural BalanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation University Islamabad
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06929351
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FUI/CTR/2024/48
- Status last verified
- Apr 2025
- First submitted
- 6 Dec 2024
- Last updated
- 16 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Otago Exercise Program in Comparison With Dual Task Training on Balance and Postural Control in Elderly Population
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06929351
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FUI/CTR/2024/48
- Conditions
- Postural Balance, Posture, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Fall Prevention, Muscle Strength
- Keywords
- Otago exercise program, dual task training, balance, postural control, functional mobility, risk of fall, older adults, berg balance scale
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation University IslamabadUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Apr 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 16 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Balance and postural control are major concerns in reduction of risk of fall among older adults. Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program are commonly used approaches to improve balance, functional mobility and postural control. However, limited studies have compared the efficacy of Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program in improving balance and functional mobility. One-third to one-half of the population over age 60 reports injuries due to fall because of the high incidence of balance and mobility disorders in older adults, interventions are necessary that optimize the performance of balance- and mobility-related activities among older adults. The aim of the current study to find out better intervention which will benefit the clinicians and physiotherapists in clinical decision making of managing the geriatric population, suffering fear of fall, going to effect on their daily livings, with evidence.
Detailed description
Objective of study:
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population.
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population.
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population.
- To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on reduction the fear of fall in elderly population. Significance of study
- The study will be going to highlight whether healthy older adults who perform Otago exercise program would show significant improvement on balance and postural control in comparison with dual task training program.
- Through this research medical professionals may identify the best treatment protocol in reduction of fear of fall among older adults.
- This study will helpful for the physiotherapists in clinical decision making of managing the geriatric population, suffering fear of fall, going to effect on their daily livings, with evidence.
- It will provide research data for further study and fill the research gap. Alternate hypothsis
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population. (p<0.05)
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population. (p<0.05).
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on fear of fall in elderly population. (p<0.05)
- There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population (p<0.05).
Null hupothesis
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on fear of fall in elderly population. (p>0.05)
- There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population. (p>0.05)
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Otago exercise group | Experimental | Procedure: otago exerciseOtago exercise program consist of strengthening exercise of lower limb muscles and along with balance exercises. Knee flexors, knee extensors and hip abductors, which are particularly important or functional movements and walking. Ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles, which are particularly important for recovering balance. Ankle cuff weights provide resistance to the knee flexors, knee extensors and hip abductors; the ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors are strengthened using body weight alone. The balance exercises are dynamic as well as static. They can help to maintain balance, postural control and functional mobility. The program was designed specifically to prevent falls. It consists of a set of leg muscle strengthening and balance retraining exercises progressing in difficulty, and a walking plan. The exercises are individually prescribed and increase in difficulty during a series of visits under a trained instructor. ankle cuff weights (starting at 1kg) t |
| Dual task group | Experimental | Procedure: Dual task exerciseDual task training (DTT) is an intervention that involves performing two tasks simultaneously, typically a motor task (e.g., walking, standing) and a cognitive task (e.g., solving a mental puzzle, counting). The aim is to improve balance, postural control, functional mobility, and cognitive function, which are crucial for reducing the risk of falls among older adults. As people age, they experience declines in several areas, including: Reduced muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination make movements like walking or maintaining balance more difficult, Declines in attention, memory, and executive functions (e.g., problem-solving, decision- making) can make it challenging to focus on multiple things at once. For older adults, this dual tasking can increase the risk of imbalance and falls. DTT aims to improve older adults' ability to manage these simultaneous demands, making daily life safer and more manageable. Dual task training focuses on performing a motor task and a c |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age ≥ 60 years
- both male and female,
- Older adults who are functionally independent,
- Can walk independently or with assistive devices will be considered typical healthy,
- Can sit to stand with or without support,
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- history of fracture especially in the lower limb,
- major cognitive issues (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, dementia),
- major orthopedic problems (e.g. lower limb fractures, amputation),
- neurological disease (e.g. stroke, Parkinson disease) or any other comorbidities that restrict mobility
- marked impairment of visual and vestibular function.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| otago exerciseOtago exercise program group 40 min/ thrice a week/ 8 weeks 1st week strengthening of knee flexors( prone lying), extensors ( in sitting) ,abductors( in standing) with 1-2 kg ankle cuff. Dorsi flexors, planter flexors(in standing on weight)/ hold 5-10 sec 5 reps/ 2 sets 2nd week Strengthening same as week 1 balance exercises.Knee bending( standing),tandem stance,sit to stand / with support/ 5-10 reps/2 sets 3rd week strengthening of all above Ms group with increase weight 2-3 kg ankle cuff or participant (The exercises are of moderate intensity; the person should not get unduly tired) balance exercise as 2nd week 4th week strengthening exs as in 3rd week balance exs: Knee bending, tandem stance( without support), forward walk,walking and turning around, side walk, one leg stand,sit to stand, stair climb( all with support)/5-10 reps 5th week strengthening exs of above ms group increase either weight 3-4 kg or repetitions 10-15 or hold time 10-15 sec 6th week strengthening same as 5 | Procedure or surgery | Otago exercise group |
| Dual task exerciseBalance exercises and secondary cognitive task simultaneously 40 min/ thrice a week/ 8 weeks 1. st week Balance exercises: Narrow-base standing on the floor (firm surface) with eyes open and closed, Tandem standing on the floor with eyes open and closed, Single-leg standing on the floor with eyes open and closed, Wide-base walking on the floor, Chair sitting to standing transfer Cognitive tasks: Naming a group of cities; foodstuff; boy names; or girl names starting with A,I, S, and T sounds/ 3 trails 2. nd week Balance exercise: Narrow-base standing on the floor with open eyes while moving arms, Forward lunge standing on the floor with eyes open, Narrow-base walking on the floor, keeping balance while sitting on a ball and moving arms in different directions Cognitive task: Backward counting from 50,Count by multiple(3,6,9…….)/3trails Week 3 Balance exercises: Narrow-base standing on a foam with eyes open and closed, Tandem standing on a foam with eyes open and closed, Backward walking on | Procedure or surgery | Dual task group |
Primary outcome
Balance
Time frame: 8 weeks
Berg balance scale is used to assess static and dynamic balance having 14 balance tasks Scoring: 5-point ordinal scale (graded 0-4) , Max score = 56 41-56 = low fall risk, 21-40 = medium fall risk, 0 -20 = high fall risk Perform at the start of treatment protocol, after 4 weeks and at the end of intervention
Postural Control
Time frame: 8 weeks
tool used for assessment of postural control is Dynamic gait index. It includes eight items, A four-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-3. "0" indicates the lowest level of function and "3" the highest level of function. Total Score = 24. < 19/24 = predictive of falls in the elderly, > 22/24 = safe ambulators
risk of fall
Time frame: 8 weeks
tool used to assess fall risk is FES-I. 16 items Questionnaire. individuals are instructed to score their concern of falling during an activity on a 4 point Likert scale with 1 as not concerned at all and 4 as very concerned. The item scores are summed up to obtain a total of 64. ≤ 16= no concern about falling > 16= concern about falling
Functional Mobility
Time frame: 8 weeks
tool used for assessment of functional mobility is Timed Up And Go. Uses 1 practice/3 trials for average score. If the participant perform it with in 10 sec will be consider normal, > 10 second= impaired functional mobility lead to moderate to high risk of fall.
Functional Mobility Strength
Time frame: 8 weeks
Tool used for assessment of functional mobility strength is Sit to stand 30 sec: The score is the total number of stands with in 30 sec. For men and women above 60 years normal average score is 15 and 12 respectively below average score indicates a risk.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Apr 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing otago exercise and Dual task exercise in people with Postural Balance and Posture, run by Foundation University Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Balance (time frame: 8 weeks). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Apr 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 30 Oct 2026.