Nonspecific Neck PainNCT06875856
Effects of Cailliet and Kendall Exercises in Nonspecific Neck Pain
A study testing Kendall exercises and Cailliet exercises in people with Nonspecific Neck Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Objective of study will be to compare effects of Cailliet and Kendall exercises on pain, functional movement and disability in non-specific neck pain.This randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Good Hands Physiotherapy Clinic, Shahdara Lahore. Sample size of study will be 36. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Nonspecific Neck Pain
- What is being tested?
- Kendall exercises and Cailliet exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 22 Jan 2025to 15 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age group between 18 to 40 years
- Both gender male and female
- Individuals having localized pain or stiffness in spine or both combined between C3 and C7 without upper limb radiculopathy
- Negative Spurling's test, traction test, upper limb tension test, and shoulder abduction test.
- Pain reported on NPRS Moderate score in neck region for more than 3 months
- Neck Disability Index (NDI) score of 0-10 points out of 50 score
Who cannot join
- Tuberculosis, carcinoma, heart disease, and osteoporosis
- Neural disorders due to prolapsed intervertebral disc
- Any trauma, localized infection or history of surgery in cervical spine region in last 6 months
- Upper motor neuron disease, cervical stenosis, and metabolic diseases in bone and joint
- Hyper flexibility, Open sores
- Ongoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, steroid therapy, or anticoagulants
- Psychiatric diseases such as phobia/obsession and depression
- Allergy to hot pack
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Good hands physiotherapy clinic
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
Ghulam Fatima, PhD*, 03034073057, ghulam.fatima@riphah.edu.pk
Hafsa Mushtaq, MS*
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Cailliet and Kendall Exercises on Pain, Functional Movement and Disability in Nonspecific Neck Pain: Randomized Control Trial
Objective of study will be to compare effects of Cailliet and Kendall exercises on pain, functional movement and disability in non-specific neck pain.This randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Good Hands Physiotherapy Clinic, Shahdara Lahore. Sample size of study will be 36. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups Group A and Group B. We will include patients with age group between 25 to 40 years, both genders having localized pain or stiffness in cervical spine for more than 3 months after exclusion of upper limb radiculopathy. Group A will receive Kendall exercises regime and Group B will receive Cailliet exercises regime. Both groups will receive baseline treatment including hot pack and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS). Short term effects would be assessed after treatment for 3 sessions per week on alternate days for 4 weeks. Patients will be assessed by Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain, Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) for functional movement and Neck Disability Index (NDI) Urdu version for Disability. Analysis will be done by statistical package for social sciences SPSS 25.
Read the detailed description
Pain felt in an area circumscribed superiorly by the superior nuchal line, laterally by the neck's lateral borders, and inferiorly by an imagined transverse line passing through the T1 spinous process is defined as neck pain. An acute or chronic cervical and shoulder girdle issue originating from the occiput of the head to the spine of the scapula, with or without limiting cervical range of motion, and unrelated to any past history of infection or fracture can be characterized as non-specific neck pain. One of the most common musculoskeletal issues that impairs general population function and results in disability is neck pain. The cervical spine is a complicated biomechanical system made up of at least 20 pairs of muscles, many of which have similar roles, and countless degrees of flexibility for each joint. However, the etiology and basic pathology of neck pain are still unknown. Around the world, 330 million people experience some form of neck pain with mean estimates of 7.6% prevalence (range, 5.9-38.7%), 37% annual prevalence (range, 16.7-75%), and 48.5% lifetime prevalence (range, 14.2-71%).
There have been contradictory findings from earlier studies about the optimal management of neck pain. While some contend that exercise leads to greater results, others support the efficacy of conventional therapy. Comparing the short-term benefits of the exercise programs designed by Cailliet and Kendall, in order to ascertain which method produces better results in terms of symptom relief and pain reduction. By getting empirical data on the short-term impacts of exercise treatments, the study will advance evidence-based practice. Healthcare practitioners can rely on this information to make well-informed decisions and recommendations because it will provide scientific proof on their safety and efficacy. This will support the use of a more standardized and empirically supported approach in the treatment of generalized neck pain symptoms associated with the neck musculature.
- Conditions
- Nonspecific Neck Pain
- Being tested
- Kendall exercises, Cailliet exercises
- Keywords
- Cailliet exercises, Kendall exercises, Neck pain
- Medical subject headings
- Neck Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Kendall exercisesOther
- Positioning supine with the chin tucked in and lifting the head for 2 to 8 sec to strengthen deep cervical flexors.
- Maintaining a sitting posture, with hands on the occipital region, and flexed spine while moving head downwards to stretch cervical extensors, maintaining an upright posture.
- Keep the resistance band circling with strong support and stretching it with the upper limbs of both sides so that there is full retraction of the scapula to strengthen retractors of the shoulder.
- Stretching the pectoralis major and minor while keeping the patient's hands-on the occipital region and standing behind the patient and pulling both elbows backward to target the bilateral pectoralis muscles
Cailliet exercisesOther
The intervention of group B will include baseline treatment, followed by maneuvers, including: Neck Cailliet exercise using isometric contractions against the prisoner to the maximum that ends with relaxation and continued with stretching. Each posture was maintained for 30 s and 3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 3 sessions per week on alternate days for 4 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Kendall exercises program | Experimental | Group A will receive Kendall exercises program with baseline treatment. Receives: Other: Kendall exercises |
| Group B: Cailliet exercises program | Active comparator | Group B will receive Cailliet exercises program with baseline treatment. Receives: Other: Cailliet exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Pain intensity will be assessed by NPRS. The NPRS has shown to have moderate to high test-retest reliability, ranging from 0.67 to 0.96. The NPRS is shown to have convergent validity between 0.79 and 0.95. The 11-point NPRS (intervals from 0-10) is used to quantify pain intensity; 0 represents no pain, and 10 represent the worst possible agony. Zero indicates absence of pain while 5 indicate moderate pain and 10 indicate unbearable pain. The patient is asked to mark a number on the scale. At the baseline assessment, after 3 weeks and finally at the end of the intervention program, the NPRS scores will be recorded.
Measured: 4 weeks
Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA)
The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a popular assessment tool used to observe and detect components of dysfunctional movement patterns. The goal of the assessment is to identify impairments throughout the kinetic chain that may be contributing to movement dysfunction and/or pain. Kappa coefficients for intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.21-1.00, while % absolute agreement ranged from 0.64-1.00.
Measured: 4 weeks
Neck Disability Index (NDI) for disability
The neck disability index (NDI) is one of the most commonly used questionnaires to measure neck pain and disability. One study reported that the NDI is a multidimensional construct that measures a broader concept than disability. Each item is scored out of 5 for a maximum total score of 50. Care should be taken in reporting the score as either out of 50 or as a percentage out of 100. A score of 22% or more is considered a significant activities of daily living disability.
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Mar 2025
- Study start22 Jan 2025
- Primary completion3 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Nonspecific Neck PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ghulam Fatima, PHD*, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06875856
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0151
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 10 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bogduk N. The anatomy and pathophysiology of neck pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003 Aug;14(3):455-72, v. doi: 10.1016/s1047-9651(03)00041-x.
PubMed 12948338
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Cailliet and Kendall Exercises on Pain, Functional Movement and Disability in Nonspecific Neck Pain: Randomized Control Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06875856
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0151
- Conditions
- Nonspecific Neck Pain
- Keywords
- Cailliet exercises, Kendall exercises, Neck pain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 22 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objective of study will be to compare effects of Cailliet and Kendall exercises on pain, functional movement and disability in non-specific neck pain.This randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Good Hands Physiotherapy Clinic, Shahdara Lahore. Sample size of study will be 36. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups Group A and Group B. We will include patients with age group between 25 to 40 years, both genders having localized pain or stiffness in cervical spine for more than 3 months after exclusion of upper limb radiculopathy. Group A will receive Kendall exercises regime and Group B will receive Cailliet exercises regime. Both groups will receive baseline treatment including hot pack and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS). Short term effects would be assessed after treatment for 3 sessions per week on alternate days for 4 weeks. Patients will be assessed by Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain, Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) for functional movement and Neck Disability Index (NDI) Urdu version for Disability. Analysis will be done by statistical package for social sciences SPSS 25.
Detailed description
Pain felt in an area circumscribed superiorly by the superior nuchal line, laterally by the neck's lateral borders, and inferiorly by an imagined transverse line passing through the T1 spinous process is defined as neck pain. An acute or chronic cervical and shoulder girdle issue originating from the occiput of the head to the spine of the scapula, with or without limiting cervical range of motion, and unrelated to any past history of infection or fracture can be characterized as non-specific neck pain. One of the most common musculoskeletal issues that impairs general population function and results in disability is neck pain. The cervical spine is a complicated biomechanical system made up of at least 20 pairs of muscles, many of which have similar roles, and countless degrees of flexibility for each joint. However, the etiology and basic pathology of neck pain are still unknown. Around the world, 330 million people experience some form of neck pain with mean estimates of 7.6% prevalence (range, 5.9-38.7%), 37% annual prevalence (range, 16.7-75%), and 48.5% lifetime prevalence (range, 14.2-71%).
There have been contradictory findings from earlier studies about the optimal management of neck pain. While some contend that exercise leads to greater results, others support the efficacy of conventional therapy. Comparing the short-term benefits of the exercise programs designed by Cailliet and Kendall, in order to ascertain which method produces better results in terms of symptom relief and pain reduction. By getting empirical data on the short-term impacts of exercise treatments, the study will advance evidence-based practice. Healthcare practitioners can rely on this information to make well-informed decisions and recommendations because it will provide scientific proof on their safety and efficacy. This will support the use of a more standardized and empirically supported approach in the treatment of generalized neck pain symptoms associated with the neck musculature.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Kendall exercises program | Experimental | Other: Kendall exercisesGroup A will receive Kendall exercises program with baseline treatment. |
| Group B: Cailliet exercises program | Active comparator | Other: Cailliet exercisesGroup B will receive Cailliet exercises program with baseline treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age group between 18 to 40 years
- Both gender male and female
- Individuals having localized pain or stiffness in spine or both combined between C3 and C7 without upper limb radiculopathy
- Negative Spurling's test, traction test, upper limb tension test, and shoulder abduction test.
- Pain reported on NPRS Moderate score in neck region for more than 3 months
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Tuberculosis, carcinoma, heart disease, and osteoporosis
- Neural disorders due to prolapsed intervertebral disc
- Any trauma, localized infection or history of surgery in cervical spine region in last 6 months
- Upper motor neuron disease, cervical stenosis, and metabolic diseases in bone and joint
- Hyper flexibility, Open sores
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Kendall exercises1. Positioning supine with the chin tucked in and lifting the head for 2 to 8 sec to strengthen deep cervical flexors. 2. Maintaining a sitting posture, with hands on the occipital region, and flexed spine while moving head downwards to stretch cervical extensors, maintaining an upright posture. 3. Keep the resistance band circling with strong support and stretching it with the upper limbs of both sides so that there is full retraction of the scapula to strengthen retractors of the shoulder. 4. Stretching the pectoralis major and minor while keeping the patient's hands-on the occipital region and standing behind the patient and pulling both elbows backward to target the bilateral pectoralis muscles | Other | Group A: Kendall exercises program |
| Cailliet exercisesThe intervention of group B will include baseline treatment, followed by maneuvers, including: Neck Cailliet exercise using isometric contractions against the prisoner to the maximum that ends with relaxation and continued with stretching. Each posture was maintained for 30 s and 3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed with 3 sessions per week on alternate days for 4 weeks. | Other | Group B: Cailliet exercises program |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: 4 weeks
Pain intensity will be assessed by NPRS. The NPRS has shown to have moderate to high test-retest reliability, ranging from 0.67 to 0.96. The NPRS is shown to have convergent validity between 0.79 and 0.95. The 11-point NPRS (intervals from 0-10) is used to quantify pain intensity; 0 represents no pain, and 10 represent the worst possible agony. Zero indicates absence of pain while 5 indicate moderate pain and 10 indicate unbearable pain. The patient is asked to mark a number on the scale. At the baseline assessment, after 3 weeks and finally at the end of the intervention program, the NPRS scores will be recorded.
Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA)
Time frame: 4 weeks
The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a popular assessment tool used to observe and detect components of dysfunctional movement patterns. The goal of the assessment is to identify impairments throughout the kinetic chain that may be contributing to movement dysfunction and/or pain. Kappa coefficients for intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.21-1.00, while % absolute agreement ranged from 0.64-1.00.
Neck Disability Index (NDI) for disability
Time frame: 4 weeks
The neck disability index (NDI) is one of the most commonly used questionnaires to measure neck pain and disability. One study reported that the NDI is a multidimensional construct that measures a broader concept than disability. Each item is scored out of 5 for a maximum total score of 50. Care should be taken in reporting the score as either out of 50 or as a percentage out of 100. A score of 22% or more is considered a significant activities of daily living disability.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 12948338Bogduk N. The anatomy and pathophysiology of neck pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003 Aug;14(3):455-72, v. doi: 10.1016/s1047-9651(03)00041-x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Ghulam Fatima, PHD* principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Kendall exercises and Cailliet exercises in people with Nonspecific Neck Pain, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad, PHD* (03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (time frame: 4 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06875856, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Mar 2025.