Patellofemoral Pain SyndromeNCT06875804
Compressive Myofascial Release of the Vastus Lateralis on Lateral Patellar Tracking in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
A study testing baseline physical therapy treatment and Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis. in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by anterior knee pain, often exacerbated by activities such as squatting, running, and stair climbing. This condition is frequently associated with improper patellar tracking, particularly lateral displacement, which can be influenced by various… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 40 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- baseline physical therapy treatment and Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis.
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 2 Jan 2025to 15 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 40 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age group between 20 to 40 years
- Male and female gender
- Diagnosed cases of Patellofemoral syndrome
- Participants with positive J sign and Clarke's test
- Pain provoked during knee loading physical activity, such as jumping, running, squatting, or going up or down stairs in last 3 months
- Presence of excessive lateral patellar tracking on axial view radiographs
Who cannot join
- History of knee surgery in the past year.
- Any contraindications to myofascial release therapy, such as active infections, open wounds.
- Presence of hip pathology or other knee conditions such as ligament tears, meniscal injuries, Osgood-Schlatter or Sinding-Larsen-Johanssen syndrome or jumpers knee
- Participants with a history of trauma or repetitive episodes of patellar subluxation or dislocation
- Use of intra-articular corticosteroid injections
- Presence of auto-immune disorder (spondylolisthesis, spondylitis, Rheumatoid arthritis etc.) other than knee OA or systemic conditions such as severe cardiovascular disease
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Social Security Hospital
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
Ghulam Fatima, PhD*, 03034073057, ghulam.fatima@riphah.edu.pk
Muhammad Burhan, MS*
About this study
Official title: Effects of Compressive Myofascial Release of the Vastus Lateralis on Lateral Patellar Tracking in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by anterior knee pain, often exacerbated by activities such as squatting, running, and stair climbing. This condition is frequently associated with improper patellar tracking, particularly lateral displacement, which can be influenced by various factors including muscular imbalances and tightness. The vastus lateralis muscle, part of the quadriceps group, is often implicated in contributing to lateral patellar tracking due to its attachment and alignment. Compressive myofascial release (CMFR) is a therapeutic technique aimed at reducing muscle tightness and restoring optimal muscle function. This study will explore the effects compressive myofascial release on the vastus lateralis in improving patellar tracking in patients diagnosed with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.The methodology of this study involves a randomized controlled trial with a sample of patients diagnosed with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used and participants will be recruited in groups after randomization. Participants(n=26) will be divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=13) receiving compressive myofascial release on the vastus lateralis, and a control group receiving(n=13) a routine treatment. The intervention will be administered over a period of four weeks, with sessions occurring three times weekly. Patellar tracking will be assessed using q-angle analysis both pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, subjective measures of pain and functional ability will be evaluated using the Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and the Kujala Patellofemoral Score. Data analysis will focus on comparing the changes in lateral patellar displacement and patient-reported outcomes between the two groups to determine the efficacy of compressive myofascial release in correcting lateral patellar tracking and alleviating symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. SPSS version 25 will be used for data analysis
Read the detailed description
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common health-related complaints in today's societies. PFPS refers to a syndrome that comprises of the following signs and symptoms: anterior knee pain, inflammation, imbalance and instability. About 50% of the non-specific knee pain is diagnosed as PFPS. PFPS frequently becomes chronic, and patients cannot do physical activity. Individuals with PFPS typically report pain that is either located in the peri-patellar or retro-patellar region during active movements involving knee movement.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has been attributed as the main cause and primary source of musculoskeletal pain in 30-85% of the patients attending physical therapy clinics. Myofascial pain syndrome often presents in the forms of pain, muscle spasm or TrP. TrP has been described as a hyperirritability spot located in a taut band of muscle; or a small pea or rope-like nodular or crepitant (crackling, grating) area within the muscle, which is painful to palpation or compression and refers pain, tenderness, or an autonomic response to a remote area. It is stated that "jump response" is elicited when pressure is applied to a Trp. TrP may result from mechanical overload, trauma, overuse, postural faults, or psychological stress. Based on their primary functions, muscles are categorized as "phasic" or "postural" muscles. In response to dysfunction or overuse, the phasic muscles tend to be inhibited or weakened; while the postural muscles tend to develop higher tone and ultimately shorten. A muscle imbalance between the dynamic and postural muscles may lead to MTP in the musculoskeletal system.
- Conditions
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Being tested
- baseline physical therapy treatment, Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis.
- Keywords
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Myofascial Release, Vastus Lateralis, Patellar Tracking, Knee joint, Pain, Range of motion
- Medical subject headings
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
baseline physical therapy treatmentOther
Group A focuses on pain relief, muscle relaxation, and strengthening. Hot packs and TENS are applied to the lateral thigh and knee for 20 minutes to reduce pain and muscle tension. Hip strengthening exercises include side-lying hip abduction, clam-shells, prone hip extension, bridging, and lunges. Quadriceps exercises involve straight leg raises, prone terminal knee extension, and mini-squats. Each exercise is done in 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions, holding stretches for 5 seconds.
Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis.Other
The experimental group receives an additional session of Compressive Myofascial Release (CMFR) for the Vastus Lateralis to address lateral patellar tracking in PFPS patients. The patient lies on their side, and the therapist identifies tight areas, applying firm pressure for 20-30 seconds. Deeper pressure is held for 30-60 seconds, followed by 1-2 minutes of cross-fiber friction. The session includes muscle shaking for 30 seconds and stretching the Vastus Lateralis by extending the hip and flexing the knee for 30-60 seconds, repeated 2-3 times. Patient response is documented for progress tracking.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Baseline physical therapy treatment | Active comparator | baseline physical therapy treatment Receives: Other: baseline physical therapy treatment |
| Group B: Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis. | Experimental | baseline physical therapy treatment along with compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis Receives: Other: Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
It is a standardized self-report device consisting of a horizontal line used to estimate the subjective level of pain intensity. It is a 10 points numerical scale, corresponding to the degree of pain.
Measured: 4 weeks
Q angle
Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) has been used as a diagnostic measurement to assess factors which appear to increase the risk of the development of acute and/or chronic patellofemoral injury and pain in bipedal individuals. The Q-angle is the angle between the line of pull of the quadriceps (anterior superior iliac spine to mid-patella) and a line connecting the center of patella with tibial tuberosity. Normal Q-angle for males is 10-13 degrees and 15-17 degrees for females.
Measured: 4 weeks
Goniometry
A goniometer is the most common instrument used to measure range of motion. If a patient has altered range of motion in a particular joint, the therapist can use a goniometer to assess what the range of motion is at the initial assessment, and then make sure the intervention is working by using the goniometer in subsequent sessions to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Goniometric measurements should be performed with functional AROM and PROM. The typical documentation for the knee motion is: 10-0-135 degrees beginning with hyperextension, moving through neutral 0 and into flexion.
Measured: 4 weeks
Kujala score
The "Kujala Score" is the eponymous name for the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). It is a patient-reported outcome survey and diagnostic tool that aims to assess the severity of symptoms and physical limitations in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). It was initially derived due to the diagnostic inconsistency among other tools that were used with PFPS patients. The Kujala Patellofemoral Scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate functioning in patients with PFPS. The scores range from a maximum of 100 to a minimum of 0, with lower scores indicating greater pain and disability.
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Mar 2025
- Study start2 Jan 2025
- Primary completion2 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Patellofemoral Pain SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ghulam Fatima, PHD*, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06875804
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0149
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 10 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Torrente QM, Killingback A, Robertson C, Adds PJ. The Effect of Self-Myofascial Release on the Pennation Angle of the Vastus Medialis Oblique and the Vastus Lateralis in Athletic Male Individuals: An Ultrasound Investigation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Jun 1;17(4):636-642. doi: 10.26603/001c.35591. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35693863Stanek J, Sullivan T, Davis S. Comparison of Compressive Myofascial Release and the Graston Technique for Improving Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion. J Athl Train. 2018 Feb;53(2):160-167. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-386-16. Epub 2018 Jan 26.
PubMed 29373060Zago J, Amatuzzi F, Rondinel T, Matheus JP. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Versus Exercise Program in Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Dec 17;30(4):609-618. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0108.
PubMed 33333491Halabchi F, Abolhasani M, Mirshahi M, Alizadeh Z. Patellofemoral pain in athletes: clinical perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med. 2017 Oct 9;8:189-203. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S127359. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 29070955Schoots EJ, Tak IJ, Veenstra BJ, Krebbers YM, Bax JG. Ultrasound characteristics of the lateral retinaculum in 10 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome compared to healthy controls. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Oct;17(4):523-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
PubMed 24139014
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Compressive Myofascial Release of the Vastus Lateralis on Lateral Patellar Tracking in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06875804
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0149
- Conditions
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Keywords
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Myofascial Release, Vastus Lateralis, Patellar Tracking, Knee joint, Pain, Range of motion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by anterior knee pain, often exacerbated by activities such as squatting, running, and stair climbing. This condition is frequently associated with improper patellar tracking, particularly lateral displacement, which can be influenced by various factors including muscular imbalances and tightness. The vastus lateralis muscle, part of the quadriceps group, is often implicated in contributing to lateral patellar tracking due to its attachment and alignment. Compressive myofascial release (CMFR) is a therapeutic technique aimed at reducing muscle tightness and restoring optimal muscle function. This study will explore the effects compressive myofascial release on the vastus lateralis in improving patellar tracking in patients diagnosed with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.The methodology of this study involves a randomized controlled trial with a sample of patients diagnosed with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used and participants will be recruited in groups after randomization. Participants(n=26) will be divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=13) receiving compressive myofascial release on the vastus lateralis, and a control group receiving(n=13) a routine treatment. The intervention will be administered over a period of four weeks, with sessions occurring three times weekly. Patellar tracking will be assessed using q-angle analysis both pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, subjective measures of pain and functional ability will be evaluated using the Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and the Kujala Patellofemoral Score. Data analysis will focus on comparing the changes in lateral patellar displacement and patient-reported outcomes between the two groups to determine the efficacy of compressive myofascial release in correcting lateral patellar tracking and alleviating symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. SPSS version 25 will be used for data analysis
Detailed description
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common health-related complaints in today's societies. PFPS refers to a syndrome that comprises of the following signs and symptoms: anterior knee pain, inflammation, imbalance and instability. About 50% of the non-specific knee pain is diagnosed as PFPS. PFPS frequently becomes chronic, and patients cannot do physical activity. Individuals with PFPS typically report pain that is either located in the peri-patellar or retro-patellar region during active movements involving knee movement.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has been attributed as the main cause and primary source of musculoskeletal pain in 30-85% of the patients attending physical therapy clinics. Myofascial pain syndrome often presents in the forms of pain, muscle spasm or TrP. TrP has been described as a hyperirritability spot located in a taut band of muscle; or a small pea or rope-like nodular or crepitant (crackling, grating) area within the muscle, which is painful to palpation or compression and refers pain, tenderness, or an autonomic response to a remote area. It is stated that "jump response" is elicited when pressure is applied to a Trp. TrP may result from mechanical overload, trauma, overuse, postural faults, or psychological stress. Based on their primary functions, muscles are categorized as "phasic" or "postural" muscles. In response to dysfunction or overuse, the phasic muscles tend to be inhibited or weakened; while the postural muscles tend to develop higher tone and ultimately shorten. A muscle imbalance between the dynamic and postural muscles may lead to MTP in the musculoskeletal system.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Baseline physical therapy treatment | Active comparator | Other: baseline physical therapy treatmentbaseline physical therapy treatment |
| Group B: Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis. | Experimental | Other: Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis.baseline physical therapy treatment along with compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Age group between 20 to 40 years
- Male and female gender
- Diagnosed cases of Patellofemoral syndrome
- Participants with positive J sign and Clarke's test
- Pain provoked during knee loading physical activity, such as jumping, running, squatting, or going up or down stairs in last 3 months
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of knee surgery in the past year.
- Any contraindications to myofascial release therapy, such as active infections, open wounds.
- Presence of hip pathology or other knee conditions such as ligament tears, meniscal injuries, Osgood-Schlatter or Sinding-Larsen-Johanssen syndrome or jumpers knee
- Participants with a history of trauma or repetitive episodes of patellar subluxation or dislocation
- Use of intra-articular corticosteroid injections
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| baseline physical therapy treatmentGroup A focuses on pain relief, muscle relaxation, and strengthening. Hot packs and TENS are applied to the lateral thigh and knee for 20 minutes to reduce pain and muscle tension. Hip strengthening exercises include side-lying hip abduction, clam-shells, prone hip extension, bridging, and lunges. Quadriceps exercises involve straight leg raises, prone terminal knee extension, and mini-squats. Each exercise is done in 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions, holding stretches for 5 seconds. | Other | Group A: Baseline physical therapy treatment |
| Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis.The experimental group receives an additional session of Compressive Myofascial Release (CMFR) for the Vastus Lateralis to address lateral patellar tracking in PFPS patients. The patient lies on their side, and the therapist identifies tight areas, applying firm pressure for 20-30 seconds. Deeper pressure is held for 30-60 seconds, followed by 1-2 minutes of cross-fiber friction. The session includes muscle shaking for 30 seconds and stretching the Vastus Lateralis by extending the hip and flexing the knee for 30-60 seconds, repeated 2-3 times. Patient response is documented for progress tracking. | Other | Group B: Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis. |
Primary outcome
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Time frame: 4 weeks
It is a standardized self-report device consisting of a horizontal line used to estimate the subjective level of pain intensity. It is a 10 points numerical scale, corresponding to the degree of pain.
Q angle
Time frame: 4 weeks
Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) has been used as a diagnostic measurement to assess factors which appear to increase the risk of the development of acute and/or chronic patellofemoral injury and pain in bipedal individuals. The Q-angle is the angle between the line of pull of the quadriceps (anterior superior iliac spine to mid-patella) and a line connecting the center of patella with tibial tuberosity. Normal Q-angle for males is 10-13 degrees and 15-17 degrees for females.
Goniometry
Time frame: 4 weeks
A goniometer is the most common instrument used to measure range of motion. If a patient has altered range of motion in a particular joint, the therapist can use a goniometer to assess what the range of motion is at the initial assessment, and then make sure the intervention is working by using the goniometer in subsequent sessions to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Goniometric measurements should be performed with functional AROM and PROM. The typical documentation for the knee motion is: 10-0-135 degrees beginning with hyperextension, moving through neutral 0 and into flexion.
Kujala score
Time frame: 4 weeks
The "Kujala Score" is the eponymous name for the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). It is a patient-reported outcome survey and diagnostic tool that aims to assess the severity of symptoms and physical limitations in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). It was initially derived due to the diagnostic inconsistency among other tools that were used with PFPS patients. The Kujala Patellofemoral Scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate functioning in patients with PFPS. The scores range from a maximum of 100 to a minimum of 0, with lower scores indicating greater pain and disability.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 35693863Torrente QM, Killingback A, Robertson C, Adds PJ. The Effect of Self-Myofascial Release on the Pennation Angle of the Vastus Medialis Oblique and the Vastus Lateralis in Athletic Male Individuals: An Ultrasound Investigation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Jun 1;17(4):636-642. doi: 10.26603/001c.35591. eCollection 2022.
- Background: PubMed 29373060Stanek J, Sullivan T, Davis S. Comparison of Compressive Myofascial Release and the Graston Technique for Improving Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion. J Athl Train. 2018 Feb;53(2):160-167. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-386-16. Epub 2018 Jan 26.
- Background: PubMed 33333491Zago J, Amatuzzi F, Rondinel T, Matheus JP. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Versus Exercise Program in Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Dec 17;30(4):609-618. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0108.
- Background: PubMed 29070955Halabchi F, Abolhasani M, Mirshahi M, Alizadeh Z. Patellofemoral pain in athletes: clinical perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med. 2017 Oct 9;8:189-203. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S127359. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 24139014Schoots EJ, Tak IJ, Veenstra BJ, Krebbers YM, Bax JG. Ultrasound characteristics of the lateral retinaculum in 10 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome compared to healthy controls. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Oct;17(4):523-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Ghulam Fatima, PHD* principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing baseline physical therapy treatment and Compressive myofascial release of vastus lateralis. in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad, PHD* (03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (time frame: 4 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06875804, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Mar 2025.