Effects of General Health Risk Factors on Prolonged Hospital Stay

A detailed preoperative anesthesia assessment systematically validates perioperative risks, optimizes functional and physiological functions, improves patient status and perioperative process, and prevents complications. Preoperative anesthesia assessment clinics are an ideal environment to examine patients' medical conditions, ensure patient safety, and maximize economic efficiency in the preoperative period. The number of procedures performed in outpatient surgery centers has now far exceeded inpatient procedures. With an estimate that 44% of increasingly difficult adverse perioperative events are preventable, it is anticipated that perioperative complications can be reduced through anesthesia clinic examinations. In the absence of clinical examinations, surgical delays and case cancellations due to incomplete patient information will occur. In recent years, the implementation of a large number of complex surgical procedures and the planning of more complicated patients for intervention in the outpatient setting have contributed significantly to the development of day surgery. With the significant increase in the number of patients undergoing outpatient surgery, comprehensive and detailed preoperative assessment and optimization have become increasingly important in patients with multiple comorbidities and unusual conditions. Preoperative screening is essential for patients at risk who may benefit from preoperative optimization. For this purpose, close communication between the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and family physician is essential. There is no doubt that perioperative morbidity and mortality are closely related to the patient's preoperative health status, the surgical procedure performed, and the anesthesia technique used. Various studies have been conducted to confirm and quantify the relationships between risk factors and the incidence of perioperative adverse events. Perioperative factors, accompanied by preoperative risk assessment, help identify patients at increased risk and enable management strategies to reduce postoperative complications and improve patient outcomes. Anesthesia services for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures are included in outpatient anesthesia procedures and have increased significantly in frequency over the years. Before 2004, only a fraction of endoscopic procedures were performed with anesthesia, while by 2009, 30-35% of upper endoscopy and colonoscopies were performed with anesthesia under sedation, and this number increased to half of colonoscopies in 2012. Although the use of propofol in endoscopic surgery has increased, the relationship between increased complications due to sedation remains unclear. While some studies have reported increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, colon perforation, bleeding, and cardiovascular events, other studies have shown that there is no increase in the risk of complications during this process. The primary aim of investigator's study was to determine the frequency of lifestyle risk factors in patients who applied to investigator's clinic for preoperative anesthesia evaluation due to adult gastrointestinal endoscopy. Secondarily, the investigator aimed to compare the effects of these risk factors on complications and hospital stay by investigating the relationship between lifestyle risk factors and factors and outcomes during the anesthesia procedure.