Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)NCT06751719

Proprioceptive, Calisthenic, and Kinesthetic Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain

A study testing core stabilization exercises, heat therapy and proprioceptive exercises in people with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP), run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 25 to 45 years
Conditions the study is for: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
What is being tested?: core stabilization exercises, heat therapy and proprioceptive exercises
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 38 participants
Where: 1 sitePakistan
Study dates: 15 Jul 2024to 30 Jan 2025
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 25 to 45 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Adult

Who may be able to join

Minimum 3 months or above LBP
Moderate pain (NPRS: 3-7)
Disability score of 19% or greater as evident from the modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ)

Who cannot join

History of inflammatory joint diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
History of neurological deficit e.g. paresthesia, sensory loss, radiculopathy, myelopathy
History of surgery related to spine, lower extremities, metal implants on lower extremities
History of any mental illness
Subjects on medication e.g. antidepressants, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory medications
Other conditions include peripheral vascular diseases, recent fractures including lower limb or spine, osteoporosis, spine or other joint deformities, brain injuries, neuromuscular disorders, and respiratory diseases
Pregnancy

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Pakistan1 site

Riphah Rehab Training and Research Center
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54760

Other trials in Pakistan

About this study

Official title: Combined Effects of Proprioceptive, Calisthenic, and Kinesthetic Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Chronic Low Back Pain

Numerous studies have emphasized the debilitating effects of chronic low back pain (CLBP), which persists for over 12 weeks and impacts approximately 20% of the global population. The etiology of CLBP encompasses various factors, such as sedentary lifestyles, diminished muscle strength, poor neuromuscular control of deep trunk muscles, and compromised proprioception, all contributing to lumbar spine strain. These factors result in limitations in essential daily activities, significantly diminishing the overall quality of life. Continued exploration in this field is essential to furthering our understanding of managing chronic low back pain. Investigating alternative treatment approaches, such as proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises, contributes to expanding the range of solutions available for addressing this issue. Embracing a diverse array of interventions not only proves beneficial but also holds promise in providing long-term advantages for enhancing patients' overall well-being. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the combined effects of proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and calisthenic exercises, alongside core stabilization exercises, in alleviating chronic low back pain and their potential to enhance range of motion and diminish functional disability in individuals with CLBP in Lahore, Pakistan.

Conditions: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Being tested: core stabilization exercises, heat therapy, proprioceptive exercises, calisthenic exercises, kinesthetic exercises
Keywords: Chronic Low Back Pain, Calisthenic exercises, Proprioceptive exercises, Kinesthetic exercises, Disability

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

core stabilization exercisesOther
The core exercises would be held for 7 to 8 seconds, repeated 10 times, and rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1 minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include:
1. Abdominal hollowing
2. Supine extension bridge
3. Partial Curls
heat therapyOther
The heat therapy would be applied to the lumbar region for 10 minutes.
proprioceptive exercisesOther
The proprioceptive exercises will include rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1-minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include:
1. One leg balance - 10 seconds hold time with 3 repetitions
2. Forward leg swings - 15 swings
3. Sideways leg swings - 15 swings
calisthenic exercisesOther
The calisthenic exercises will include:
1. Abductor's leg raise for 10 repetitions
2. Prone leg extension for 10 repetitions
3. Alternate toe touch for 10 repetitions
kinesthetic exercisesOther
The kinesthetic exercises will have 1 minute rest in between exercises. These exercises will include:
1. Toe walking for 20 meters distance
2. Heel walking for 20 meters distance

Study groups in NCT06751719
Study group	Role	What they receive
Group A	Active comparator	This control group will only participate in core stabilization exercises and heat therapy. The exercise session would be held 3 times a week. Receives: Other: core stabilization exercises; Other: heat therapy
Group B	Experimental	This intervention group will consist of participants who will engage in proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises along with core stabilization exercises and heat therapy. The exercise session would be held 3 times a week. Receives: Other: core stabilization exercises; Other: heat therapy; Other: proprioceptive exercises; Other: calisthenic exercises; Other: kinesthetic exercises

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)
A numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) would be used to assess the patient's pain measure for chronic low back pain before and after exercises. This 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). The NPRS has a validity of 0.86 to 0.95 and a reliability of 0.96.
Measured: baseline, after 4 weeks
inclinometer
An inclinometer would be used to measure the range of motion for the lumbar spine. The inclinometer for lumbar ROM has a reliability of 0.97.
Measured: baseline, after 4 weeks
Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version)
Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version) would be used to assess the patient's functional disability for chronic low back pain at 0 weeks and then at 4 weeks. The modified ODI has a reliability of 0.90. For each question, 0 points is the minimum, and 5 points is the maximum. Add up the total score for 10 questions.
Measured: baseline, after 4 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

15 Jul 202430 Jan 2025

First posted30 Dec 2024
Study start15 Jul 2024
Primary completion30 Dec 2024
Study completion30 Jan 2025

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Other trials for Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Single blind
Who is masked: Outcomes assessor
Enrolment: 38 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06751719
Sponsor's protocol ID: Hatoma Fatima Malik
Status last verified: Jun 2025
First submitted: 20 Dec 2024
Last updated: 15 Jun 2025
Results posted: No
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No
Individual data sharing: No

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

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Comparing Non-Medicine Strategies for Improving Low Back Pain
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Spinery Basivertebral Nerve Ablation for Vertebrogenic Chronic Low Back Pain
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SENECA - Smart Therapies for Chronic Pain
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Comparison of Two Patient Education Methods in Women With Chronic Low Back Pain: Online Pain Education vs. AI-Driven Patient Education on Pain Beliefs, Catastrophizing, and Self-Efficacy
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Not yet recruiting
Effects of Myofascial Techniques on Chronic Low Back Pain
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All Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Combined Effects of Proprioceptive, Calisthenic, and Kinesthetic Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Chronic Low Back Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06751719
Acronym / sponsor ID: Hatoma Fatima Malik
Conditions: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Keywords: Chronic Low Back Pain, Calisthenic exercises, Proprioceptive exercises, Kinesthetic exercises, Disability
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 38 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
Study start: 15 Jul 2024 (actual)
Primary completion: 30 Dec 2024 (actual)
Study completion: 30 Jan 2025 (actual)
First posted: 30 Dec 2024 (actual)
Results: Not posted in the source record

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: Single blind (outcomes assessor)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Group A	Active comparator	Other: core stabilization exercises, Other: heat therapyThis control group will only participate in core stabilization exercises and heat therapy. The exercise session would be held 3 times a week.
Group B	Experimental	Other: core stabilization exercises, Other: heat therapy, Other: proprioceptive exercises, Other: calisthenic exercises, Other: kinesthetic exercisesThis intervention group will consist of participants who will engage in proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises along with core stabilization exercises and heat therapy. The exercise session would be held 3 times a week.

Who may qualify

Ages: 25 to 45 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Adult

Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)

Minimum 3 months or above LBP
Moderate pain (NPRS: 3-7)
Disability score of 19% or greater as evident from the modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ)

Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)

History of inflammatory joint diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
History of neurological deficit e.g. paresthesia, sensory loss, radiculopathy, myelopathy
History of surgery related to spine, lower extremities, metal implants on lower extremities
History of any mental illness
Subjects on medication e.g. antidepressants, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory medications

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
core stabilization exercisesThe core exercises would be held for 7 to 8 seconds, repeated 10 times, and rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1 minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include: 1. Abdominal hollowing 2. Supine extension bridge 3. Partial Curls	Other	Group A, Group B
heat therapyThe heat therapy would be applied to the lumbar region for 10 minutes.	Other	Group A, Group B
proprioceptive exercisesThe proprioceptive exercises will include rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1-minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include: 1. One leg balance - 10 seconds hold time with 3 repetitions 2. Forward leg swings - 15 swings 3. Sideways leg swings - 15 swings	Other	Group B
calisthenic exercisesThe calisthenic exercises will include: 1. Abductor's leg raise for 10 repetitions 2. Prone leg extension for 10 repetitions 3. Alternate toe touch for 10 repetitions	Other	Group B
kinesthetic exercisesThe kinesthetic exercises will have 1 minute rest in between exercises. These exercises will include: 1. Toe walking for 20 meters distance 2. Heel walking for 20 meters distance	Other	Group B

Primary outcome

numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks
A numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) would be used to assess the patient's pain measure for chronic low back pain before and after exercises. This 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). The NPRS has a validity of 0.86 to 0.95 and a reliability of 0.96.
inclinometer
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks
An inclinometer would be used to measure the range of motion for the lumbar spine. The inclinometer for lumbar ROM has a reliability of 0.97.
Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version)
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks
Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version) would be used to assess the patient's functional disability for chronic low back pain at 0 weeks and then at 4 weeks. The modified ODI has a reliability of 0.90. For each question, 0 points is the minimum, and 5 points is the maximum. Add up the total score for 10 questions.

Results and safety

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jun 2025.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

Related trials for Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)

Not yet recruiting
Comparing Non-Medicine Strategies for Improving Low Back Pain
Chronic Low-back Pain (cLBP), High-Impact Chronic Pain (HICP)
Not yet recruiting
Spinery Basivertebral Nerve Ablation for Vertebrogenic Chronic Low Back Pain
Low Back Pain, Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Recruiting
SENECA - Smart Therapies for Chronic Pain
Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Two Patient Education Methods in Women With Chronic Low Back Pain: Online Pain Education vs. AI-Driven Patient Education on Pain Beliefs, Catastrophizing, and Self-Efficacy
Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Not yet recruiting
Effects of Myofascial Techniques on Chronic Low Back Pain
Chronic Low-back Pain (cLBP)

Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Syed Shakil ur Rehman, PhD study director

Riphah International University, Lahore

Hatoma Fatima Malik, DPT principal investigator

Riphah International University, Lahore

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing core stabilization exercises, heat therapy and proprioceptive exercises in people with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP), run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) (time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06751719.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jun 2025.