MyopiaLightSPANNCT06631339
Optimizing Light Exposure for Myopia Prevention and Control (LightSPAN)
A study testing Light Intervention and Digital Intervention in people with Myopia and Light; Therapy, Complications, run by National University of Singapore at 5 sites in Singapore.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. The trial also aims to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 7 to 10 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Myopia, Light; Therapy, Complications, Myopia Progression
- What is being tested?
- Light Intervention and Digital Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 396 participants
- Where
- 5 sitesSingapore
- Study dates
- 21 Oct 2024to 26 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 7 to 10 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Subject must meet all the inclusion criteria below to participate in this study.
- Written Informed Consent form from parent / legal guardian and assent from child subject has been obtained
- Is between 7 to 10 years of age at start of study intervention which is 2 January 2025 or 1 January 2026
- Studying in either Primary 2 or 3 classes of the participating school(s) in academic year 2025 or 2026.
- Presenting visual acuity or best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) better or equal to LogMAR 0.2 (equivalent to Snellen 6/9 or better) in each eye
- Normal Intraocular pressure (not more than 21mmHg)
Show all 9Show fewer
- No ocular conditions (e.g., optic nerve disease, glaucoma, retinal diseases) except for refractive error.
- No ocular conditions affecting the accuracy of the ophthalmic examinations
- In good general health with no significant systemic diseases that may affect eye health
Who cannot join
- All subjects meeting any of the exclusion criteria at baseline will be excluded from participation.
- Previous or ongoing myopia control treatment (including but not limited to orthokeratology, atropine, pirenzepine, myopia control spectacle and contact lenses, light therapy)
- Ongoing participation in other myopia prevention and control research trials
- Any systemic or neurologic diseases (e.g. cancer, epilepsy, Kawasaki disease) known to affect eye health or make the participant vulnerable to the ophthalmic examinations (e.g., light flash)
- Any other conditions precluding adherence to the protocol including unwillingness to refrain from myopia control treatment for the duration of the study
Trial locations and contacts
5 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
5 sites in 1 country
Singapore5 sites, 5 recruiting
- Recruiting
National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye N Brain Research Lab
Singapore, 119276
Najiya Sundus Kadavath Meethal, PhD, 006591183642, lightspan@nus.edu.sg
Raymond P. Najjar, PhD
- Recruiting
Marymount Convent School
Singapore, 297754
Najiya Sundus Kadavath Meethal, PhD, 006591183642, lightspan@nus.edu.sg
Raymond P. Najjar, PhD
- Recruiting
Bedok Green Primary School
Singapore, 469317
Najiya Sundus Kadavath Meethal, PhD, 006591183642, lightspan@nus.edu.sg
Raymond P Najjar, PhD
- Recruiting
Westwood Primary School
Singapore, 649188
Najiya Sundus Kadavath Meethal, PhD, 006591183642, lightspan@nus.edu.sg
Raymond P Najjar, PhD
- Recruiting
Wellington Primary School
Singapore, 757702
Najiya Sundus Kadavath Meethal, PhD, 006591183642, lightspan@nus.edu.sg
Raymond P Najjar, PhD
About this study
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. The trial also aims to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children.
This trial has 3 arms namely, (1) a technical intervention arm, (2) a digital intervention arm, and (3) a control arm.
Read more
- technical intervention - which involves changing of classroom lighting in primary schools to ceiling lights that mimic the spectral composition of sunlight and fluctuates in intensity. Parents of children within that arm will have a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP)
- digital intervention - which involves standard classroom lighting and giving parents an interventional smart-phone application (i-LightUP) that will be coupled with their child's light and activity sensor (wrist worn device ). The interventional app will provide individually tailored recommendation based on their children's behaviour (data feedback that is collected from the light and activity monitoring watch). The interventional app would then send reminder prompts/notifications to encourage parents help their children achieve required amounts of myopia-preventive light quantum target set per day.
- Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting and parents having a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP)
Participants will:
- be randomised to receive either no intervention (control group), technical intervention (light intervention that mimics sunlight) or digital intervention (parents having an app that syncs with child's light and activity sensor which will provide feedback to parents to encourage and recommends increment of outdoor activities and hours).
- have their myopia progression monitored every 6 monthly and cognitive assessment done once every 3 months over a year.
- wear the light and activity sensor watches throughout the 1-year study period as much as possible (minimum 1 week per month) except for wet water activities such as swimming, diving and showering for research data collection purpose.
Read the detailed description
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. To do so, we will evaluate the effectiveness, safety and feasibility of:
- Arm 1: technical intervention which involves spectro-temporal refinement of classroom lighting in primary schools using full spectrum light emitting diodes (LEDs) (CCT: 4000K) in addition to intermittent fluctuations in light levels. Parents of children in that arm will have access to a sham version of the LightUP mobile application to facilitate communication with the study team and questionnaire collection during the study.
- Arm 2: digital intervention which involves optimization of daily light exposure using an individualised behaviour-changing smart-phone application (Interventional LightUP application) coupled with child-worn light and activity sensors to provide parents with an individually tailored recommendation to adapt their children's behaviour and provide them with the required amounts of myopia-preventive light quantum/day. + standard classroom lighting As compared to:
- Arm 3: Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting and no access to the interventional version of the LightUP application. Parents of children in that arm will have access to a sham version of the LightUP mobile application to facilitate communication with the study team and questionnaire collection during the study.
Our study will also lead to the following scalable and implementable outcomes:
- evidence-based lighting designs and policy recommendations for classrooms;
- a user-friendly, smart digital eyecare companion that aligns perfectly with Singapore's Smart Nation Initiative.
A secondary objective of this study is to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children. This will be achieved through continuous wrist actigraphy monitoring and through cognitive assessments, performed in classrooms, using tablets (one tablet/child). The assessment consists of validated, child-adapted, higher cognitive tasks testing the following constructs: impulse control, spatial working memory, content working memory, cognitive flexibility, reaction time, and processing speed.
- Conditions
- Myopia, Light; Therapy, Complications, Myopia Progression, Short-Sighted, Myopia; Refractive Error
- Being tested
- Light Intervention, Digital Intervention, Control Group
- Keywords
- Light Exposure, Digital Intervention, Myopia, Myopia Prevention, Cognition, Light Intervention, Behaviour changing phone application, Classroom, School-based, School, Singapore, Primary School, Light therapy, Myopia-control
- Medical subject headings
- Myopia, Refractive Errors
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Light InterventionOther
LEDs mimicking the spectrum of sunlight (4000K) administered daily for 1 academic year, every school day, for the entire school day. The light levels generated by these LEDs will fluctuate throughout the day but will remain under 1000 lux.
Digital InterventionBehavioural
Smart-phone application (LightUP) will be synced daily to a child-worn light and activity sensor and will allow parents to track their children's outdoor time and exposure to brighter light levels across the day. The application will also nudge parents to increase their child's exposure to light (e.g., increase time outdoors, or sitting next to a window indoors) after school hours for better myopia prevention and control. i-LightUP aims to gradually assist parents in helping their children reach the ultimate goal of spending at least 2 hours per day in brighter light conditions (e.g., above 1000 lux).
Control GroupOther
Standard Classroom Lighting + Sham LightUP phone application
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Technical Intervention (n=132) | Experimental | Technical refinement of classroom lighting + Sham LightUP phone application (s-LightUP) Receives: Other: Light Intervention |
| Digital Intervention (n=132) | Experimental | Standard classroom lighting + Interventional LightUP phone application (i-LightUP) Receives: Behavioral: Digital Intervention |
| Control Group (n=132) | Placebo comparator | Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting + Sham LightUP app (s-LightUP). Receives: Other: Control Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cycloplegic auto-refraction
Measured using autoref/kerato/pachy/tonometer
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Axial Length
Measured using non-contact optical biometer
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Choroidal Thickness
Measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Secondary outcomes (13)
Retinal and choroidal perfusion
Measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) function within OCT machine used to measure choroidal thickness.
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Corneal Curvature
Measured using autoref/kerato/pachy/tonometer.
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Corneal Thickness
Measured using autoref/kerato/pachy/tonometer.
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Impulse control
Impulse control will be assessed using a validated, child-adapted task developed by collaborator Dr. Evelyn Law (NUS). The "Day and Night Cards" task or a similar task will be administered on tablets (one tablet per child). Impulse control will be quantified by the number of errors committed by the children during the task which involves shifting instructions and paradigms.
Measured: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Cognitive flexibility
Cognitive flexibility will be assessed using a validated, child-adapted task developed by collaborator Dr. Evelyn Law (NUS). The "Day and Night Cards" task or a similar task will be administered on tablets (one tablet per child). Cognitive flexibility will be quantified by the number of errors committed by the children during the task which involves shifting instructions and paradigms.
Measured: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Spatial working memory
Spatial working memory will be assessed using a validated, child-adapted task developed by collaborator Dr. Evelyn Law (NUS). The "Eight Boxes" task or a similar task will be administered on tablets (one tablet per child). Spatial working memory will be quantified by the number of errors committed by the children during the task.
Measured: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Content working memory
Content working memory will also be assessed using a validated, child-adapted task developed by collaborator Dr. Evelyn Law (NUS). The "Eight Boxes" task or a similar task will be administered on tablets (one tablet per child). Content working memory will be quantified by the number of errors committed by the children during the task when remembering the content of different items in the task (e.g., strawberry, watermelon, etc.).
Measured: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Processing speed
Processing speed will be assessed from the previous cognitive tasks (e.g., Eight Boxes and Day and Night Cards" through the investigation of reaction time (ms) in response to the content of the tasks. The tasks will be administered on tablets (one tablet per child).
Measured: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Sleep quantity
This is a secondary outcome and will depend on the days of wear of the activity and light trackers. Night time sleep quantity (minutes) will be collected through actigraphy watches given to participants.
Measured: 1 year or at least 1 week per month for 1 year
Sleep efficiency
This is a secondary outcome and will depend on the days of wear of the activity and light trackers. Night time sleep efficiency (%) calculated as the amount of time spent asleep (in minutes) by the total amount of time in bed (in minutes) will be measured using actigraphy watches given to participants.
Measured: 1 year or at least 1 week per month for 1 year
Height
Height of the participant in cm
Measured: 1 year, at baseline and 12 months from baseline
Weight
Weight of the participant in Kg
Measured: 1 year, at baseline and 12 months from baseline
Visual acuity
LogMAR visual acuity test
Measured: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Oct 2024
- Study start21 Oct 2024
- Primary completion26 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion26 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for MyopiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Primary School-based, 12-Month, semi-randomised, controlled, double-blinded, 3 study arm (n=132 per arm) trial.
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 396 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National University of Singapore
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Technical University of Munich
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Raymond P. Najjar, PhD, National University of Singapore
- Investigators
- Raymond P. Najjar, PhD, Principal investigator, National University of Singapore
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06631339
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NUS-IRB-2023-767
- Acronym
- LightSPAN
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 1 Oct 2024
- Last updated
- 23 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Optimizing Light Exposure for Myopia Prevention and Control (LightSPAN)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06631339
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LightSPAN / NUS-IRB-2023-767
- Conditions
- Myopia, Light; Therapy, Complications, Myopia Progression, Short-Sighted, Myopia; Refractive Error
- Keywords
- Light Exposure, Digital Intervention, Myopia, Myopia Prevention, Cognition, Light Intervention, Behaviour changing phone application, Classroom
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 396 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National University of SingaporeUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Technical University of Munich
- Study start
- 21 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 26 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 8 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. The trial also aims to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children.
This trial has 3 arms namely, (1) a technical intervention arm, (2) a digital intervention arm, and (3) a control arm.
- technical intervention - which involves changing of classroom lighting in primary schools to ceiling lights that mimic the spectral composition of sunlight and fluctuates in intensity. Parents of children within that arm will have a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP)
- digital intervention - which involves standard classroom lighting and giving parents an interventional smart-phone application (i-LightUP) that will be coupled with their child's light and activity sensor (wrist worn device ). The interventional app will provide individually tailored recommendation based on their children's behaviour (data feedback that is collected from the light and activity monitoring watch). The interventional app would then send reminder prompts/notifications to encourage parents help their children achieve required amounts of myopia-preventive light quantum target set per day.
- Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting and parents having a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP)
Participants will:
- be randomised to receive either no intervention (control group), technical intervention (light intervention that mimics sunlight) or digital intervention (parents having an app that syncs with child's light and activity sensor which will provide feedback to parents to encourage and recommends increment of outdoor activities and hours).
- have their myopia progression monitored every 6 monthly and cognitive assessment done once every 3 months over a year.
- wear the light and activity sensor watches throughout the 1-year study period as much as possible (minimum 1 week per month) except for wet water activities such as swimming, diving and showering for research data collection purpose.
Detailed description
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. To do so, we will evaluate the effectiveness, safety and feasibility of:
- Arm 1: technical intervention which involves spectro-temporal refinement of classroom lighting in primary schools using full spectrum light emitting diodes (LEDs) (CCT: 4000K) in addition to intermittent fluctuations in light levels. Parents of children in that arm will have access to a sham version of the LightUP mobile application to facilitate communication with the study team and questionnaire collection during the study.
- Arm 2: digital intervention which involves optimization of daily light exposure using an individualised behaviour-changing smart-phone application (Interventional LightUP application) coupled with child-worn light and activity sensors to provide parents with an individually tailored recommendation to adapt their children's behaviour and provide them with the required amounts of myopia-preventive light quantum/day. + standard classroom lighting As compared to:
- Arm 3: Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting and no access to the interventional version of the LightUP application. Parents of children in that arm will have access to a sham version of the LightUP mobile application to facilitate communication with the study team and questionnaire collection during the study.
Our study will also lead to the following scalable and implementable outcomes:
- evidence-based lighting designs and policy recommendations for classrooms;
- a user-friendly, smart digital eyecare companion that aligns perfectly with Singapore's Smart Nation Initiative.
A secondary objective of this study is to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children. This will be achieved through continuous wrist actigraphy monitoring and through cognitive assessments, performed in classrooms, using tablets (one tablet/child). The assessment consists of validated, child-adapted, higher cognitive tasks testing the following constructs: impulse control, spatial working memory, content working memory, cognitive flexibility, reaction time, and processing speed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Primary School-based, 12-Month, semi-randomised, controlled, double-blinded, 3 study arm (n=132 per arm) trial.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Technical Intervention (n=132) | Experimental | Other: Light InterventionTechnical refinement of classroom lighting + Sham LightUP phone application (s-LightUP) |
| Digital Intervention (n=132) | Experimental | Behavioral: Digital InterventionStandard classroom lighting + Interventional LightUP phone application (i-LightUP) |
| Control Group (n=132) | Placebo comparator | Other: Control GroupStandard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting + Sham LightUP app (s-LightUP). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 7 to 10 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Subject must meet all the inclusion criteria below to participate in this study.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- All subjects meeting any of the exclusion criteria at baseline will be excluded from participation.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Light InterventionLEDs mimicking the spectrum of sunlight (4000K) administered daily for 1 academic year, every school day, for the entire school day. The light levels generated by these LEDs will fluctuate throughout the day but will remain under 1000 lux. | Other | Technical Intervention (n=132) |
| Digital InterventionSmart-phone application (LightUP) will be synced daily to a child-worn light and activity sensor and will allow parents to track their children's outdoor time and exposure to brighter light levels across the day. The application will also nudge parents to increase their child's exposure to light (e.g., increase time outdoors, or sitting next to a window indoors) after school hours for better myopia prevention and control. i-LightUP aims to gradually assist parents in helping their children reach the ultimate goal of spending at least 2 hours per day in brighter light conditions (e.g., above 1000 lux). | Behavioural | Digital Intervention (n=132) |
| Control GroupStandard Classroom Lighting + Sham LightUP phone application | Other | Control Group (n=132) |
Primary outcome
Cycloplegic auto-refraction
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Measured using autoref/kerato/pachy/tonometer
Axial Length
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Measured using non-contact optical biometer
Choroidal Thickness
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan
13 secondary outcomes
Retinal and choroidal perfusion
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Corneal Curvature
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Corneal Thickness
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Impulse control
Time frame: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Cognitive flexibility
Time frame: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Spatial working memory
Time frame: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Content working memory
Time frame: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Processing speed
Time frame: 1 year, once every 3 months (Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9 , Month 12 Visit)
Sleep quantity
Time frame: 1 year or at least 1 week per month for 1 year
Sleep efficiency
Time frame: 1 year or at least 1 week per month for 1 year
Height
Time frame: 1 year, at baseline and 12 months from baseline
Weight
Time frame: 1 year, at baseline and 12 months from baseline
Visual acuity
Time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Sep 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Raymond P. Najjar, PhD principal investigator
National University of Singapore
5 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Light Intervention and Digital Intervention in people with Myopia and Light; Therapy, Complications, run by National University of Singapore at 5 sites in Singapore.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 5 sites in Singapore. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Raymond P. Najjar, PhD (006566018519, lightspan@nus.edu.sg), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cycloplegic auto-refraction (time frame: 1 year, once every 6 months (Baseline, Month 6, Month 12 Visit)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Sep 2025.