Memories in Heartbeats Study

It is evident from research that music, and in particular music therapy, can be hugely beneficial throughout pregnancy for both a mother and her developing baby (Lander, 2017; Arya et al, 2012). Communication, building relationships and relaxation are just some of the benefits experienced during the antenatal period and can be linked with postnatal experiences and development, in particular, within the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) (Keith, Russell \& Weaver, 2009, Ettenberger, 2017, Roa \& Ettenberger, 2018).

However, comprehensive literature reveals little evidence about music therapy in pregnancies where screening tests show the foetus has a condition meaning they may not develop to full term, survive the birth or that the newborn will have ongoing complications and limited life expectancy. Having this knowledge and deciding to continue with the pregnancy undoubtedly has an impact on the antenatal bonding process and finding ways to connect with "the bump" are incredibly important (Mastnak, 2016).

This study proposes to explore the role music therapy can play in antenatal bonding and memory making experiences prior to birth. This uses recordings of the baby's heartbeat combined with precomposed music to create a memory track which can then be saved into a recording device such as a memory bear.

The study will involve a single recruiting site, the Rainbows Hospice for Babies, Children and Young Adults where the Principal Investigator (PI) is the music therapist who will undertake all the study procedures with the participants.

The two NHS Trusts (University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Trust and Leicester University Hospitals) will be participant identification centres (PICs). Potential participants will be identified by the clinical staff delivering usual clinical care. They will then make the first approach and if the potential participant is interested, give them a Participant Information Sheet (PIS). The PIS will contain the contact details for the PI. The potential participant may contact the PI directly if they are interested in discussing the study further or participating.

Due to limited time available, the time between identification of the potential participant and consent may be short but there will be no pressure to make a decision. Participants will take as long as they wish to make this decision, in line with their clinical care and the usual clinical care and referral pathways will not be affected by this process.

If the potential participant wishes to participate, they will be invited to meet the PI, discuss any further questions about the study and will be asked to grant written informed consent. Following consent, minimal demographic and clinical information will be recorded and an appointment made to complete the intervention visit and this is the stage at which participants will be asked to share the recording of baby's heartbeat with the researcher. The visit will also include a discussion to understand what music, nursery rhyme, or other type of recording the family would like to use with the heartbeat. These will be facilitated by the PI who is an experienced music therapist. The music therapy intervention session will last between 1-2 hours and the part that will be used in the memory making will be audio recorded. The completed recording will be shared with the family and will be offered to the family in their preferred format such as being placed inside a "memory bear".

Following this, the participant will be invited to the post-intervention interview 6 months later. The interview will be offered as face to face but could be by telephone/web-based if the participant prefers. This will be a semi-structured interview, which will be audio-recorded, and will explore the acceptability of the intervention and the participant experience using a topic guide. If the participants want to know and have given written consent for it, the results of the study will be communicated to them.