Athletic InjuriesNCT06197386
Reliability and Validity of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire in Turkish
An observational study of Athletic Injuries, run by Atılım University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, taking fear avoidance into account may be useful in creating the most appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, thus shortening the time to return to play. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 19 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Athletic Injuries
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 31 Jul 2024to 1 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 19 years
- All sexes
- Child, Adult
Study population: athlete
Who may be able to join
- Being a licensed athlete for at least 5 years, being active in sports and training for the last 1 year, and weekly training intensity of at least 5 hours per week.
Who cannot join
- It was defined as having a history of visual, mental or systemic disease.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Atılım University
Ankara
Naime Uluğ, PhD., +905365434409, naime.ulug@atilim.edu.tr
About this study
High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, taking fear avoidance into account may be useful in creating the most appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, thus shortening the time to return to play. The aim of our study is to verify the validity and reliability of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) in Turkish.
Read the detailed description
Sports injuries are a frequent occurrence that many athletes experience annually. Although sports injuries cause physical pain and disorders, they also have a psychological impact. One common psychological response to sports injuries is the fear of re-injury. Other potential psychological reactions of an injured athlete include anxiety, depression, frustration, tension, and decreased self-esteem. Psychological responses to sports injuries are typically highest immediately after the injury and decrease during the rehabilitation process. However, they often relapse just before returning to sports. If left unaddressed, these heightened psychological responses can impede rehabilitation progress and delay the return to sport.
Currently, there are several scales available to measure an athlete's readiness to return to play, such as the Sports Inventory for Pain and the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale. However, it is important to note that some of these surveys were conducted with student populations rather than athletes. Additionally, these scales are designed to be applied at the end of the rehabilitation process. The Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) was specifically developed to assess fear avoidance or pain-related fear in athletes.
The fear avoidance model was developed to explain how individuals experiencing exaggerated pain perception separate 'pain experience' and 'pain behavior' from the actual pain sensation. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, considering fear avoidance may be helpful in developing an appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, ultimately reducing the time required to return to play. The purpose of our study is to validate and assess the reliability of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) in Turkish.
- Conditions
- Athletic Injuries
- Keywords
- Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ)
- Medical subject headings
- Athletic Injuries
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a self-report scale used to measure exaggerated negative thoughts and feelings related to pain. It consists of 13 items and each item is scored between 0 (never) and 4 (always). Total score ranges from 0 to 52.
The PCS consists of 3 subscales:
Rumination: Anxious and repetitive thoughts about pain. Magnification: Exaggerating the severity and importance of pain. Helplessness: Feelings of helplessness and inability to control pain. PCS shows that there is a relationship between the way we perceive and manage pain and the severity of pain. Higher PCS scores are associated with more pain and greater functional impairment.
Measured: December 23, 2023
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)
It is used to evaluate fear-avoidance behaviors related to work and physical activity, especially in patients with chronic low back pain. It consists of 16 items and 2 subscales. In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th items of the subscale (FABQfa), which includes fear-avoidance behaviors related to physical activities; The subscale (FABQiş), which includes work-related fear-avoidance behaviors, is questioned in the 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 15th items. Each item is rated between 0-6 points. Minimum score is 0; The highest score is 24 for FABQ(fa) and 42 for FABQ(business). A high score indicates that the patient has high fear-avoidance behaviors.
Measured: December 23, 2023
Athlete Fear Avoidance Survey
The fear avoidance model was developed to explain the process by which "pain experience" and "pain behavior" are separated from the actual pain sensation in individuals presenting the phenomenon of exaggerated pain perception. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and successfully predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population
Measured: December 23, 2023
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Jan 2024
- Study start31 Jul 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion25 Aug 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Sep 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Athletic InjuriesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Atılım University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, NAİME ULUG, Atılım University
- Investigators
- Naime Uluğ, PhD., Principal investigator, ATILIM UNİVERSİTY
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06197386
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-59394181
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 23 Dec 2023
- Last updated
- 1 Aug 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Aug 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Reliability and Validity of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire in Turkish
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06197386
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E-59394181
- Conditions
- Athletic Injuries
- Keywords
- Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ)
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Atılım UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
- Study start
- 31 Jul 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 25 Aug 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, taking fear avoidance into account may be useful in creating the most appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, thus shortening the time to return to play. The aim of our study is to verify the validity and reliability of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) in Turkish.
Detailed description
Sports injuries are a frequent occurrence that many athletes experience annually. Although sports injuries cause physical pain and disorders, they also have a psychological impact. One common psychological response to sports injuries is the fear of re-injury. Other potential psychological reactions of an injured athlete include anxiety, depression, frustration, tension, and decreased self-esteem. Psychological responses to sports injuries are typically highest immediately after the injury and decrease during the rehabilitation process. However, they often relapse just before returning to sports. If left unaddressed, these heightened psychological responses can impede rehabilitation progress and delay the return to sport.
Currently, there are several scales available to measure an athlete's readiness to return to play, such as the Sports Inventory for Pain and the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale. However, it is important to note that some of these surveys were conducted with student populations rather than athletes. Additionally, these scales are designed to be applied at the end of the rehabilitation process. The Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) was specifically developed to assess fear avoidance or pain-related fear in athletes.
The fear avoidance model was developed to explain how individuals experiencing exaggerated pain perception separate 'pain experience' and 'pain behavior' from the actual pain sensation. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, considering fear avoidance may be helpful in developing an appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, ultimately reducing the time required to return to play. The purpose of our study is to validate and assess the reliability of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) in Turkish.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 19 years
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- athlete
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Being a licensed athlete for at least 5 years, being active in sports and training for the last 1 year, and weekly training intensity of at least 5 hours per week.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- It was defined as having a history of visual, mental or systemic disease.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
Time frame: December 23, 2023
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a self-report scale used to measure exaggerated negative thoughts and feelings related to pain. It consists of 13 items and each item is scored between 0 (never) and 4 (always). Total score ranges from 0 to 52. The PCS consists of 3 subscales: Rumination: Anxious and repetitive thoughts about pain. Magnification: Exaggerating the severity and importance of pain. Helplessness: Feelings of helplessness and inability to control pain. PCS shows that there is a relationship between the way we perceive and manage pain and the severity of pain. Higher PCS scores are associated with more pain and greater functional impairment.
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)
Time frame: December 23, 2023
It is used to evaluate fear-avoidance behaviors related to work and physical activity, especially in patients with chronic low back pain. It consists of 16 items and 2 subscales. In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th items of the subscale (FABQfa), which includes fear-avoidance behaviors related to physical activities; The subscale (FABQiş), which includes work-related fear-avoidance behaviors, is questioned in the 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 15th items. Each item is rated between 0-6 points. Minimum score is 0; The highest score is 24 for FABQ(fa) and 42 for FABQ(business). A high score indicates that the patient has high fear-avoidance behaviors.
Athlete Fear Avoidance Survey
Time frame: December 23, 2023
The fear avoidance model was developed to explain the process by which "pain experience" and "pain behavior" are separated from the actual pain sensation in individuals presenting the phenomenon of exaggerated pain perception. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and successfully predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Aug 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Naime Uluğ, PhD. principal investigator
ATILIM UNİVERSİTY
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Athletic Injuries, run by Atılım University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Aug 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Naime Uluğ, PhD. (+905365434409, naime.ulug@atilim.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) (time frame: December 23, 2023). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Aug 2024.