Forward Head PostureNCT06086834
McKenzie Retraction and Bruegger's Exercises Effects on Forward Head Posture
A study testing McKenzie Retraction Exercises and Bruegger's Exercise in people with Forward Head Posture, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The aim of the study is to compare effects of McKenzie Retraction exercises and Bruegger's exercise on neck pain, ROM, craniovertebral angle and functional performance on forward head posture among young adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 30 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Forward Head Posture
- What is being tested?
- McKenzie Retraction Exercises and Bruegger's Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2023to 1 Feb 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 30 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Both Male and Female age between 15-30 years.
- Craniovertebral angle < 50.
- Electronic gadgets >6 hours a day.
- Neck pain from the previous 3 months.
- NPRS >3.
- NDI > 10.
Who cannot join
- Neck surgery or trauma.
- Torticollis.
- Subjects with diagnosed cases of discogenic disease.
- Subjects with migraine problem.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Sadiq Hospital
Sargodha, Punjab Province, 40100
Faiza Amjad, MPhil, 03338013182, faiza.amjad@riphah.edu.pk
Tuba Ureeda Tasawar, MS-OMPT
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of McKenzie Retraction and Bruegger's Exercises on Forward Head Posture Among Young Adults
The aim of the study is to compare effects of McKenzie Retraction exercises and Bruegger's exercise on neck pain, ROM, craniovertebral angle and functional performance on forward head posture among young adults.
Read the detailed description
There are many advantages of technology such as improving work productivity and efficacy; however, using technology for an extended period of time can place a substantial amount of load on the neck musculature leading to musculoskeletal disorder. The most related cause of neck pain is muscle weakness leading to forward head posture due to static abnormal posture used while using electronic devices.
The aim of the study is to compare effects of McKenzie Retraction exercises and Bruegger's exercise on neck pain, ROM, craniovertebral angle and functional performance on forward head posture among young adults. A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Sadiq Hospital, Sargodha. Non-probability convenience sampling will be used, and 36 subjects, age 15-30 years will be randomly allocated into two groups by lottery method after meeting the inclusion criteria. Both groups will receive hot pack for 10-15 minutes, as common treatment. Group A will be treated with McKenzie Retraction Exercises and Group B will be treated with Bruegger's Exercise.5 sessions per week and total20sessions for 4 weeks. The outcome measures will be conducted through NPRS, NDI, photogrammetry and goniometry before and after 4 weeks. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 26.
- Conditions
- Forward Head Posture
- Being tested
- McKenzie Retraction Exercises, Bruegger's Exercise
- Keywords
- Bruegger's Exercise, Forward head posture, McKenzie Exercise, Young Adult
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
McKenzie Retraction ExercisesOther
McKenzie Retraction exercises 5 days a week and 10-15 times for active exercises and 5-6 repetitions of clinician assisted exercise for a period of 4 weeks and a rest interval of 2 minutes between exercises.
Bruegger's ExerciseOther
Bruegger's Exercise will be started from 10 seconds hold to 30 seconds with 2 seconds increment in every session. Rest time will be 30 seconds, 4 sets 12 times repetition, for duration of 30 mins per session, 5 days a week for a period of 4 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| McKenzie Retraction Exercises | Experimental | McKenzie Retraction Exercises along with hot pack. Receives: Other: McKenzie Retraction Exercises |
| Bruegger's Exercise | Experimental | Bruegger's Exercise along with hot pack. Receives: Other: Bruegger's Exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Changes from Baseline Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS-11), which is an eleven-point scale in which the end points are the extremes of no pain at all (score of 0) and the worst pain the patient has ever experienced (score of 10). NPRS-11 pain severity score of "4" is frequently given special significance in this regard, suggesting it as a potential threshold value for pain severity in clinical practice.
This scale has high reliability (0.95-0.96).
Measured: 4th week.
NECK DISABILITY INDEX (NDI)
Changes from Baseline, In 1991, Howard Vernon developed the Neck Disability Index (NDI).The Neck Disability Index (NDI) was the first tool to measure self-reported disability in patients with neck pain. It is used extensively in literature and its psychometric properties have been well established. It has been translated and cross-culturally adapted to many languages. The index has 10 neck-related functional activities scored on a 0-5 scale for each item and a total raw score of 50. The higher the score, the greater the disability.
Measured: 4th week
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Changes from Baseline, The CVA was assessed using a digital camera. The camera was placed 1.5 m away from the participant's right side to take a lateral photographic view of the participant's head and neck in a seated position. The CVA is the angle between the horizontal line passing the 7th Cervical vertebra (C7) and then the line extending from C7 to the tragus of the ear. The resulting FHP was determined using Image J software. A CVA of less than 50º was defined as FHP. 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity.
Measured: 4th week
UNIVERSAL GONIOMETER (ROM Cervical Spine Flexion)
Changes from Baseline ROM range of motion of cervical spine flexion was taken with help of goniometer. Goniometry, the measurement of joint angles, traditionally performed with a universal goniometer (UG), is a commonly utilized assessment tool in monitoring problems of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the progression of rehabilitation interventions.
Measured: 4th week
UNIVERSAL GONIOMETER (ROM Cervical Spine Extension)
Changes from Baseline ROM range of motion of cervical spine flexion was taken with help of goniometer. Goniometry, the measurement of joint angles, traditionally performed with a universal goniometer (UG), is a commonly utilized assessment tool in monitoring problems of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the progression of rehabilitation interventions.
Measured: 4th week
UNIVERSAL GONIOMETER (ROM Cervical Spine rotation)
Changes from Baseline ROM range of motion of cervical spine flexion was taken with help of goniometer. Goniometry, the measurement of joint angles, traditionally performed with a universal goniometer (UG), is a commonly utilized assessment tool in monitoring problems of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the progression of rehabilitation interventions.
Measured: 4th week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Oct 2023
- Study start1 Oct 2023
- Primary completion1 Feb 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Feb 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Forward Head PostureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Faiza Amjad, MPhil, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06086834
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/23/0158
- Status last verified
- Jan 2024
- First submitted
- 11 Oct 2023
- Last updated
- 30 Jan 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Heydari Z, Sheikhhoseini R, Shahrbanian S, Piri H. Establishing minimal clinically important difference for effectiveness of corrective exercises on craniovertebral and shoulder angles among students with forward head posture: a clinical trial study. BMC Pediatr. 2022 Apr 27;22(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03300-7.
PubMed 35477430Sarraf F, Varmazyar S. Comparing the effect of the posture of using smartphones on head and neck angles among college students. Ergonomics. 2022 Dec;65(12):1631-1638. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2047229. Epub 2022 May 4.
PubMed 35199629Suwaidi ASA, Moustafa IM, Kim M, Oakley PA, Harrison DE. A Comparison of Two Forward Head Posture Corrective Approaches in Elderly with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Clin Med. 2023 Jan 9;12(2):542. doi: 10.3390/jcm12020542.
PubMed 36675471Augustsson SR, Reinodt S, Sunesson E, Haglund E. Short-term effects of postural taping on pain and forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Feb 19;23(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05083-5.
PubMed 35183157Alvarez-Rodriguez J, Leiros-Rodriguez R, Morera-Balaguer J, Marques-Sanchez P, Rodriguez-Nogueira O. The Influence of the Locus of Control Construct on the Efficacy of Physiotherapy Treatments in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med. 2022 Feb 7;12(2):232. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020232.
PubMed 35207720Sterling M, de Zoete RMJ, Coppieters I, Farrell SF. Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 4: Neck Pain. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 15;8(8):1219. doi: 10.3390/jcm8081219.
PubMed 31443149Takasaki H, Yamasaki C. Immediate neck hypoalgesic effects of craniocervical flexion exercises and cervical retraction exercises among individuals with non-acute neck pain and a directional preference for retraction or extension: preliminary pretest-posttest randomized experimental design. J Man Manip Ther. 2023 Oct;31(5):368-375. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2201918. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
PubMed 37052492Abdel-Aziem AA, Mohamed RR, Draz AH, Azab AR, Hegazy FA, Diab RH. The effect of McKenzie protocol vs. deep neck flexor and scapulothoracic exercises in subjects with chronic neck pain - a randomized controlled study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 May;26(9):3138-3150. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202205_28731.
PubMed 35587064Kim DH, Kim CJ, Son SM. Neck Pain in Adults with Forward Head Posture: Effects of Craniovertebral Angle and Cervical Range of Motion. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018 Dec;9(6):309-313. doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.04.
PubMed 30584494Al-Hadidi F, Bsisu I, AlRyalat SA, Al-Zu'bi B, Bsisu R, Hamdan M, Kanaan T, Yasin M, Samarah O. Association between mobile phone use and neck pain in university students: A cross-sectional study using numeric rating scale for evaluation of neck pain. PLoS One. 2019 May 20;14(5):e0217231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217231. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31107910Perez-de la Cruz S, de Leon OA, Mallada NP, Rodriguez AV. Validity and intra-examiner reliability of the Hawk goniometer versus the universal goniometer for the measurement of range of motion of the glenohumeral joint. Med Eng Phys. 2021 Mar;89:7-11. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.01.005. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
PubMed 33608127Bergh A, Lauridsen NG, Hesbach AL. Concurrent Validity of Equine Joint Range of Motion Measurement: A Novel Digital Goniometer versus Universal Goniometer. Animals (Basel). 2020 Dec 19;10(12):2436. doi: 10.3390/ani10122436.
PubMed 33352686Langenfeld A, Gassner AP, Wirth B, Muhlemann MB, Nyiro L, Bastiaenen C, Swanenburg J. Responsiveness of the German version of the Neck Disability Index in chronic neck pain patients: a prospective cohort study with a seven-week follow-up. Arch Physiother. 2022 Oct 17;12(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40945-022-00149-y.
PubMed 36244985Farooq MN, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Gilani SA, Hafeez A. Urdu version of the neck disability index: a reliability and validity study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Apr 8;18(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1469-5.
PubMed 28388888
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jan 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of McKenzie Retraction and Bruegger's Exercises on Forward Head Posture Among Young Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06086834
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/23/0158
- Conditions
- Forward Head Posture
- Keywords
- Bruegger's Exercise, Forward head posture, McKenzie Exercise, Young Adult
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Feb 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 17 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of the study is to compare effects of McKenzie Retraction exercises and Bruegger's exercise on neck pain, ROM, craniovertebral angle and functional performance on forward head posture among young adults.
Detailed description
There are many advantages of technology such as improving work productivity and efficacy; however, using technology for an extended period of time can place a substantial amount of load on the neck musculature leading to musculoskeletal disorder. The most related cause of neck pain is muscle weakness leading to forward head posture due to static abnormal posture used while using electronic devices.
The aim of the study is to compare effects of McKenzie Retraction exercises and Bruegger's exercise on neck pain, ROM, craniovertebral angle and functional performance on forward head posture among young adults. A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Sadiq Hospital, Sargodha. Non-probability convenience sampling will be used, and 36 subjects, age 15-30 years will be randomly allocated into two groups by lottery method after meeting the inclusion criteria. Both groups will receive hot pack for 10-15 minutes, as common treatment. Group A will be treated with McKenzie Retraction Exercises and Group B will be treated with Bruegger's Exercise.5 sessions per week and total20sessions for 4 weeks. The outcome measures will be conducted through NPRS, NDI, photogrammetry and goniometry before and after 4 weeks. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 26.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| McKenzie Retraction Exercises | Experimental | Other: McKenzie Retraction ExercisesMcKenzie Retraction Exercises along with hot pack. |
| Bruegger's Exercise | Experimental | Other: Bruegger's ExerciseBruegger's Exercise along with hot pack. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Both Male and Female age between 15-30 years.
- Craniovertebral angle < 50.
- Electronic gadgets >6 hours a day.
- Neck pain from the previous 3 months.
- NPRS >3.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Neck surgery or trauma.
- Torticollis.
- Subjects with diagnosed cases of discogenic disease.
- Subjects with migraine problem.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| McKenzie Retraction ExercisesMcKenzie Retraction exercises 5 days a week and 10-15 times for active exercises and 5-6 repetitions of clinician assisted exercise for a period of 4 weeks and a rest interval of 2 minutes between exercises. | Other | McKenzie Retraction Exercises |
| Bruegger's ExerciseBruegger's Exercise will be started from 10 seconds hold to 30 seconds with 2 seconds increment in every session. Rest time will be 30 seconds, 4 sets 12 times repetition, for duration of 30 mins per session, 5 days a week for a period of 4 weeks. | Other | Bruegger's Exercise |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Time frame: 4th week.
Changes from Baseline Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS-11), which is an eleven-point scale in which the end points are the extremes of no pain at all (score of 0) and the worst pain the patient has ever experienced (score of 10). NPRS-11 pain severity score of "4" is frequently given special significance in this regard, suggesting it as a potential threshold value for pain severity in clinical practice. This scale has high reliability (0.95-0.96).
NECK DISABILITY INDEX (NDI)
Time frame: 4th week
Changes from Baseline, In 1991, Howard Vernon developed the Neck Disability Index (NDI).The Neck Disability Index (NDI) was the first tool to measure self-reported disability in patients with neck pain. It is used extensively in literature and its psychometric properties have been well established. It has been translated and cross-culturally adapted to many languages. The index has 10 neck-related functional activities scored on a 0-5 scale for each item and a total raw score of 50. The higher the score, the greater the disability.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Time frame: 4th week
Changes from Baseline, The CVA was assessed using a digital camera. The camera was placed 1.5 m away from the participant's right side to take a lateral photographic view of the participant's head and neck in a seated position. The CVA is the angle between the horizontal line passing the 7th Cervical vertebra (C7) and then the line extending from C7 to the tragus of the ear. The resulting FHP was determined using Image J software. A CVA of less than 50º was defined as FHP. 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity.
UNIVERSAL GONIOMETER (ROM Cervical Spine Flexion)
Time frame: 4th week
Changes from Baseline ROM range of motion of cervical spine flexion was taken with help of goniometer. Goniometry, the measurement of joint angles, traditionally performed with a universal goniometer (UG), is a commonly utilized assessment tool in monitoring problems of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the progression of rehabilitation interventions.
UNIVERSAL GONIOMETER (ROM Cervical Spine Extension)
Time frame: 4th week
Changes from Baseline ROM range of motion of cervical spine flexion was taken with help of goniometer. Goniometry, the measurement of joint angles, traditionally performed with a universal goniometer (UG), is a commonly utilized assessment tool in monitoring problems of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the progression of rehabilitation interventions.
UNIVERSAL GONIOMETER (ROM Cervical Spine rotation)
Time frame: 4th week
Changes from Baseline ROM range of motion of cervical spine flexion was taken with help of goniometer. Goniometry, the measurement of joint angles, traditionally performed with a universal goniometer (UG), is a commonly utilized assessment tool in monitoring problems of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the progression of rehabilitation interventions.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jan 2024.
- Background: PubMed 35477430Heydari Z, Sheikhhoseini R, Shahrbanian S, Piri H. Establishing minimal clinically important difference for effectiveness of corrective exercises on craniovertebral and shoulder angles among students with forward head posture: a clinical trial study. BMC Pediatr. 2022 Apr 27;22(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03300-7.
- Background: PubMed 35199629Sarraf F, Varmazyar S. Comparing the effect of the posture of using smartphones on head and neck angles among college students. Ergonomics. 2022 Dec;65(12):1631-1638. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2047229. Epub 2022 May 4.
- Background: PubMed 36675471Suwaidi ASA, Moustafa IM, Kim M, Oakley PA, Harrison DE. A Comparison of Two Forward Head Posture Corrective Approaches in Elderly with Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Clin Med. 2023 Jan 9;12(2):542. doi: 10.3390/jcm12020542.
- Background: PubMed 35183157Augustsson SR, Reinodt S, Sunesson E, Haglund E. Short-term effects of postural taping on pain and forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Feb 19;23(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05083-5.
- Background: PubMed 35207720Alvarez-Rodriguez J, Leiros-Rodriguez R, Morera-Balaguer J, Marques-Sanchez P, Rodriguez-Nogueira O. The Influence of the Locus of Control Construct on the Efficacy of Physiotherapy Treatments in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med. 2022 Feb 7;12(2):232. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020232.
- Background: PubMed 31443149Sterling M, de Zoete RMJ, Coppieters I, Farrell SF. Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 4: Neck Pain. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 15;8(8):1219. doi: 10.3390/jcm8081219.
- Background: PubMed 37052492Takasaki H, Yamasaki C. Immediate neck hypoalgesic effects of craniocervical flexion exercises and cervical retraction exercises among individuals with non-acute neck pain and a directional preference for retraction or extension: preliminary pretest-posttest randomized experimental design. J Man Manip Ther. 2023 Oct;31(5):368-375. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2201918. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
- Background: PubMed 35587064Abdel-Aziem AA, Mohamed RR, Draz AH, Azab AR, Hegazy FA, Diab RH. The effect of McKenzie protocol vs. deep neck flexor and scapulothoracic exercises in subjects with chronic neck pain - a randomized controlled study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 May;26(9):3138-3150. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202205_28731.
- Background: PubMed 30584494Kim DH, Kim CJ, Son SM. Neck Pain in Adults with Forward Head Posture: Effects of Craniovertebral Angle and Cervical Range of Motion. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018 Dec;9(6):309-313. doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.04.
- Background: PubMed 31107910Al-Hadidi F, Bsisu I, AlRyalat SA, Al-Zu'bi B, Bsisu R, Hamdan M, Kanaan T, Yasin M, Samarah O. Association between mobile phone use and neck pain in university students: A cross-sectional study using numeric rating scale for evaluation of neck pain. PLoS One. 2019 May 20;14(5):e0217231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217231. eCollection 2019.
- Background: PubMed 33608127Perez-de la Cruz S, de Leon OA, Mallada NP, Rodriguez AV. Validity and intra-examiner reliability of the Hawk goniometer versus the universal goniometer for the measurement of range of motion of the glenohumeral joint. Med Eng Phys. 2021 Mar;89:7-11. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.01.005. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
- Background: PubMed 33352686Bergh A, Lauridsen NG, Hesbach AL. Concurrent Validity of Equine Joint Range of Motion Measurement: A Novel Digital Goniometer versus Universal Goniometer. Animals (Basel). 2020 Dec 19;10(12):2436. doi: 10.3390/ani10122436.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Faiza Amjad, MPhil principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing McKenzie Retraction Exercises and Bruegger's Exercise in people with Forward Head Posture, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jan 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad, Phd (03324390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (time frame: 4th week.). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06086834, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jan 2024.