Forward Head PostureNCT07856433
Comparative Effects of Pressure and Visual Biofeedback Training on Pain, Disability, Range of Motion Among Patients With Forward Head Posture Correction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
A study testing VISUAL FEEDBACK and Pressure Biofeedback in people with Forward Head Posture, run by Ibadat International University, Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The study will take place at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital and AL kauther International hospital, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad with formal permission obtained from the institution. Patients with forward head posture, who meet the inclusion criteria, will be selected and asked for consent. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 44 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Forward Head Posture
- What is being tested?
- VISUAL FEEDBACK and Pressure Biofeedback
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 5 Mar 2026to 20 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 44 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients between 19 and 44 years with primary complain of neck pain Those with craniovertebral angle more than 48-50 degreeswould be incorporated Eagerness to take part and give informed consent Get a score of greater than 3 and having less than 8 on NPRS
Who cannot join
- Those with craniovertebral angle less than48-50 degree would be incorporated Eagerness to take part and give informed consent Get a score of greater than 3 and having less than 8 on NPRS
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Ibadat International University
Islamabad, Federal, 44000
Marium Khalid Assistant Professor, MSOMPT, +923341510369, marium.khalid@uipt.iiui.edu.pk
Marium kahlid ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, MSOMPT, +923341510369, marium.khalid@uipt.iiui.edu.pk
About this study
The study will take place at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital and AL kauther International hospital, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad with formal permission obtained from the institution. Patients with forward head posture, who meet the inclusion criteria, will be selected and asked for consent. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a pressure bio feedback training group or a visual biofeedback training group using a computer randomizer. Before starting the training, baseline measurements of neck muscle activation and posture will be recorded. Group1will receive pressure bio feedback training using a cuff, while Group 2 will use visual feedback through a mirror or screen to correct posture. An 6 weeks intervention will be implemented, with treatments administered three times per week. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and again at the conclusion of the 6 weeks intervention period. The results will be analyzed using the latest version of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
Read the detailed description
Study Description
This study is a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effects of pressure biofeedback training and visual biofeedback training in patients with forward head posture (FHP). The study will evaluate the effects of both biofeedback modalities on pain intensity, functional disability, cervical range of motion, and postural alignment.
The study will be conducted at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital and Al Kauthar International Hospital, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad, after obtaining formal permission from the respective institutions. Participants diagnosed with forward head posture who fulfill the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be recruited for the study. Eligible participants will be informed about the purpose, procedures, potential benefits, and possible risks of the study, and written informed consent will be obtained before enrollment.
A total of 38 participants will be recruited and randomly allocated into two equal groups, with 19 participants in each group. Randomization will be performed using a computer-generated randomization method to minimize selection bias and ensure an approximately equal distribution of participants between the two intervention groups.
Intervention Groups
Group 1 - Pressure Biofeedback Training: Participants allocated to the pressure biofeedback group will receive cervical muscle activation and postural training using a pressure biofeedback cuff. The cuff will be positioned appropriately to provide feedback regarding cervical movement and muscle activation. Participants will be instructed to perform the prescribed exercises while maintaining the desired cervical position and controlling the pressure level according to the study protocol. The pressure biofeedback will provide immediate feedback to assist participants in developing appropriate deep cervical muscle activation and maintaining improved head and neck alignment.
Group 2 - Visual Biofeedback Training: Participants allocated to the visual biofeedback group will receive postural and cervical control training using visual feedback. Visual feedback will be provided through a mirror and/or visual display screen. Participants will be instructed to observe their head and neck position and actively correct forward head posture according to predefined postural landmarks and instructions provided by the therapist. The visual feedback will allow participants to immediately observe and modify their cervical alignment during the prescribed exercises.
Intervention Duration and Frequency
Both groups will receive their respective biofeedback interventions for 6 weeks, with treatment sessions conducted three times per week. The intervention will therefore consist of a structured 6-week training period with comparable treatment frequency between the two groups. Both groups will receive standardized instructions regarding exercise performance, posture correction, and adherence to the intervention protoco Outcome Assessment
Baseline assessment will be performed before commencement of the intervention. The primary and secondary outcome measures will be assessed using standardized and appropriate measurement procedures.
The study outcomes will include:
- Pain intensity: Pain will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
- Functional disability: Neck-related functional disability will be assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI).
- Cervical range of motion: Cervical flexion, extension, right rotation, and left rotation will be assessed using goniometry.
- Postural alignment: Forward head posture will be assessed using the craniovertebral angle (CVA), with a smaller CVA indicating greater forward head positioning.
Outcome measurements will be recorded at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after completion of the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes over time and differences between the two intervention groups.
Randomization and Allocation
After completion of baseline assessment and confirmation of eligibility, participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the pressure biofeedback training group or the visual biofeedback training group. A computer-based randomization procedure will be used for group allocation.
Data Management and Statistical Analysis
All collected data will be coded and entered into the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics, using the latest available version at the time of analysis. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize participant characteristics and outcome measures. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to assess the normality of continuous data.
Depending on the distribution of the data and the assumptions of the statistical tests, appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests will be applied. For repeated measurements within groups, appropriate repeated-measures statistical procedures will be used. Between-group comparisons will be performed to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in changes in pain, disability, cervical range of motion, and postural alignment between the pressure biofeedback and visual biofeedback groups.
Statistical significance will be considered at p < 0.05. Where appropriate, effect sizes and confidence intervals will also be reported to provide an estimate of the magnitude and precision of the treatment effects.
Primary Purpose
The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to determine whether pressure biofeedback training or visual biofeedback training is more effective in improving clinical and postural outcomes in individuals with forward head posture.
The study will specifically compare the effects of the two interventions on pain intensity, neck-related functional disability, cervical range of motion, and craniovertebral angle, thereby determining which biofeedback modality provides greater clinical benefit over the 6-week intervention period.
- Conditions
- Forward Head Posture
- Being tested
- VISUAL FEEDBACK, Pressure Biofeedback
- Keywords
- FHP
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
VISUAL FEEDBACKBehavioural
Intervention: Visual Biofeedback
Participants will receive visual biofeedback during the intervention sessions. Information related to the targeted physiological or biomechanical parameter will be measured using the study's assessment/biofeedback system and presented visually on a screen in real time. Participants will be instructed to observe the visual feedback and modify their performance or movement according to the predefined target. The visual feedback will be provided consistently across intervention sessions according to the study protocol.
Pressure BiofeedbackBehavioural
Pressure Biofeedback
Participants will receive pressure biofeedback during the intervention sessions using a pressure-sensing device. The device will detect changes in pressure associated with the targeted movement or muscle activity and provide immediate visual feedback of the measured pressure. Participants will be instructed to observe the feedback and adjust their muscle activation or movement to achieve and maintain the predefined target pressure. The intervention will be delivered according to a standardized protocol throughout the treatment sessions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Biofeedback | Active comparator | Active Comparator Arm: Pressure Biofeedback Training
Participants assigned to the active comparator group (Pressure Biofeedback Training) will receive a structured cervical postural correction and deep cervical muscle activation training program using a pressure biofeedback cuff. The intervention is designed to provide objective pressure-based feedback during exercise, allowing participants to monitor and control their cervical position and muscle activation while performing the prescribed exercises.
The pressure biofeedback cuff will be appropriately positioned in the cervical region according to the standardized study protocol. Participants will be instructed to maintain a neutral cervical position and perform the prescribed cervical stabilization and postural control exercises while monitoring the pressure changes displayed on the pressure biofeedback device. Receives: Behavioral: Pressure Biofeedback |
| Visual Biofeedback | Experimental | Participants will receive visual biofeedback during the intervention sessions. Information related to the targeted physiological or biomechanical parameter will be measured using the study's assessment/biofeedback system and presented visually on a screen in real time. Participants will be instructed to observe the visual feedback and modify their performance or movement according to the predefined target. The visual feedback will be provided consistently across intervention sessions according to the study protocol. Receives: Behavioral: VISUAL FEEDBACK |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Pain intensity will be assessed as an outcome measure to determine the effect of the intervention on participants' perceived pain. Pain will be measured using a validated pain-rating scale, such as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Participants will rate the intensity of their pain at the specified assessment time points, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity. Changes in pain scores from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated to determine the effect of the intervention.
Measured: participants wiill be assesed at baseline, then at week 3 and then at week 6
Neck Disability Index
Neck Disability Index (NDI)
The Neck Disability Index (NDI) will be used to assess neck-related pain and disability and its impact on participants' daily activities. The NDI is a 10-item patient-reported questionnaire covering areas such as pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping, and recreation. Each item is scored from 0 to 5, with a total score ranging from 0 to 50. Higher scores indicate greater neck-related disability. The NDI score will be assessed at the predefined time points to evaluate changes in neck disability following the intervention.
Measured: Participants will be assesd as baseline then at week 3, and then at week 6
Range of Motion
Cervical Range of Motion (ROM)
Cervical range of motion will be assessed to determine changes in neck mobility following the intervention. Cervical movements including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation will be measured using a standardized method, such as a cervical goniometer or digital inclinometer. The range of movement will be recorded in degrees at the specified assessment time points. Changes in cervical ROM from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated to determine ch
Measured: Participants will be assed at baseline, then week 3 and then week 6
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Oct 2026
- Study start5 Mar 2026
- Primary completion15 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Forward Head PostureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ibadat International University, Islamabad
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Marium Khalid, Ibadat International University, Islamabad
- Investigators
- Marium Khalid, MSOPMT, Principal investigator, Ibadat International University, Islamabad
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07856433
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IIUI//RERC/ADT/2026/02/233
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 16 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Pressure and Visual Biofeedback Training on Pain, Disability, Range of Motion Among Patients With Forward Head Posture Correction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07856433
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IIUI//RERC/ADT/2026/02/233
- Conditions
- Forward Head Posture
- Keywords
- FHP
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Ibadat International University, IslamabadUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 2 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study will take place at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital and AL kauther International hospital, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad with formal permission obtained from the institution. Patients with forward head posture, who meet the inclusion criteria, will be selected and asked for consent. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a pressure bio feedback training group or a visual biofeedback training group using a computer randomizer. Before starting the training, baseline measurements of neck muscle activation and posture will be recorded. Group1will receive pressure bio feedback training using a cuff, while Group 2 will use visual feedback through a mirror or screen to correct posture. An 6 weeks intervention will be implemented, with treatments administered three times per week. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and again at the conclusion of the 6 weeks intervention period. The results will be analyzed using the latest version of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
Detailed description
Study Description
This study is a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effects of pressure biofeedback training and visual biofeedback training in patients with forward head posture (FHP). The study will evaluate the effects of both biofeedback modalities on pain intensity, functional disability, cervical range of motion, and postural alignment.
The study will be conducted at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital and Al Kauthar International Hospital, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad, after obtaining formal permission from the respective institutions. Participants diagnosed with forward head posture who fulfill the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be recruited for the study. Eligible participants will be informed about the purpose, procedures, potential benefits, and possible risks of the study, and written informed consent will be obtained before enrollment.
A total of 38 participants will be recruited and randomly allocated into two equal groups, with 19 participants in each group. Randomization will be performed using a computer-generated randomization method to minimize selection bias and ensure an approximately equal distribution of participants between the two intervention groups.
Intervention Groups
Group 1 - Pressure Biofeedback Training: Participants allocated to the pressure biofeedback group will receive cervical muscle activation and postural training using a pressure biofeedback cuff. The cuff will be positioned appropriately to provide feedback regarding cervical movement and muscle activation. Participants will be instructed to perform the prescribed exercises while maintaining the desired cervical position and controlling the pressure level according to the study protocol. The pressure biofeedback will provide immediate feedback to assist participants in developing appropriate deep cervical muscle activation and maintaining improved head and neck alignment.
Group 2 - Visual Biofeedback Training: Participants allocated to the visual biofeedback group will receive postural and cervical control training using visual feedback. Visual feedback will be provided through a mirror and/or visual display screen. Participants will be instructed to observe their head and neck position and actively correct forward head posture according to predefined postural landmarks and instructions provided by the therapist. The visual feedback will allow participants to immediately observe and modify their cervical alignment during the prescribed exercises.
Intervention Duration and Frequency
Both groups will receive their respective biofeedback interventions for 6 weeks, with treatment sessions conducted three times per week. The intervention will therefore consist of a structured 6-week training period with comparable treatment frequency between the two groups. Both groups will receive standardized instructions regarding exercise performance, posture correction, and adherence to the intervention protoco Outcome Assessment
Baseline assessment will be performed before commencement of the intervention. The primary and secondary outcome measures will be assessed using standardized and appropriate measurement procedures.
The study outcomes will include:
- Pain intensity: Pain will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
- Functional disability: Neck-related functional disability will be assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI).
- Cervical range of motion: Cervical flexion, extension, right rotation, and left rotation will be assessed using goniometry.
- Postural alignment: Forward head posture will be assessed using the craniovertebral angle (CVA), with a smaller CVA indicating greater forward head positioning.
Outcome measurements will be recorded at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after completion of the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes over time and differences between the two intervention groups.
Randomization and Allocation
After completion of baseline assessment and confirmation of eligibility, participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the pressure biofeedback training group or the visual biofeedback training group. A computer-based randomization procedure will be used for group allocation.
Data Management and Statistical Analysis
All collected data will be coded and entered into the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics, using the latest available version at the time of analysis. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize participant characteristics and outcome measures. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to assess the normality of continuous data.
Depending on the distribution of the data and the assumptions of the statistical tests, appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests will be applied. For repeated measurements within groups, appropriate repeated-measures statistical procedures will be used. Between-group comparisons will be performed to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in changes in pain, disability, cervical range of motion, and postural alignment between the pressure biofeedback and visual biofeedback groups.
Statistical significance will be considered at p < 0.05. Where appropriate, effect sizes and confidence intervals will also be reported to provide an estimate of the magnitude and precision of the treatment effects.
Primary Purpose
The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to determine whether pressure biofeedback training or visual biofeedback training is more effective in improving clinical and postural outcomes in individuals with forward head posture.
The study will specifically compare the effects of the two interventions on pain intensity, neck-related functional disability, cervical range of motion, and craniovertebral angle, thereby determining which biofeedback modality provides greater clinical benefit over the 6-week intervention period.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Biofeedback | Active comparator | Behavioral: Pressure BiofeedbackActive Comparator Arm: Pressure Biofeedback Training Participants assigned to the active comparator group (Pressure Biofeedback Training) will receive a structured cervical postural correction and deep cervical muscle activation training program using a pressure biofeedback cuff. The intervention is designed to provide objective pressure-based feedback during exercise, allowing participants to monitor and control their cervical position and muscle activation while performing the prescribed exercises. The pressure biofeedback cuff will be appropriately positioned in the cervical region according to the standardized study protocol. Participants will be instructed to maintain a neutral cervical position and perform the prescribed cervical stabilization and postural control exercises while monitoring the pressure changes displayed on the pressure biofeedback device. |
| Visual Biofeedback | Experimental | Behavioral: VISUAL FEEDBACKParticipants will receive visual biofeedback during the intervention sessions. Information related to the targeted physiological or biomechanical parameter will be measured using the study's assessment/biofeedback system and presented visually on a screen in real time. Participants will be instructed to observe the visual feedback and modify their performance or movement according to the predefined target. The visual feedback will be provided consistently across intervention sessions according to the study protocol. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 44 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients between 19 and 44 years with primary complain of neck pain Those with craniovertebral angle more than 48-50 degreeswould be incorporated Eagerness to take part and give informed consent Get a score of greater than 3 and having less than 8 on NPRS
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Those with craniovertebral angle less than48-50 degree would be incorporated Eagerness to take part and give informed consent Get a score of greater than 3 and having less than 8 on NPRS
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| VISUAL FEEDBACKIntervention: Visual Biofeedback Participants will receive visual biofeedback during the intervention sessions. Information related to the targeted physiological or biomechanical parameter will be measured using the study's assessment/biofeedback system and presented visually on a screen in real time. Participants will be instructed to observe the visual feedback and modify their performance or movement according to the predefined target. The visual feedback will be provided consistently across intervention sessions according to the study protocol. | Behavioural | Visual Biofeedback |
| Pressure BiofeedbackPressure Biofeedback Participants will receive pressure biofeedback during the intervention sessions using a pressure-sensing device. The device will detect changes in pressure associated with the targeted movement or muscle activity and provide immediate visual feedback of the measured pressure. Participants will be instructed to observe the feedback and adjust their muscle activation or movement to achieve and maintain the predefined target pressure. The intervention will be delivered according to a standardized protocol throughout the treatment sessions. | Behavioural | Pressure Biofeedback |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: participants wiill be assesed at baseline, then at week 3 and then at week 6
Pain intensity will be assessed as an outcome measure to determine the effect of the intervention on participants' perceived pain. Pain will be measured using a validated pain-rating scale, such as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Participants will rate the intensity of their pain at the specified assessment time points, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity. Changes in pain scores from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated to determine the effect of the intervention.
Neck Disability Index
Time frame: Participants will be assesd as baseline then at week 3, and then at week 6
Neck Disability Index (NDI) The Neck Disability Index (NDI) will be used to assess neck-related pain and disability and its impact on participants' daily activities. The NDI is a 10-item patient-reported questionnaire covering areas such as pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping, and recreation. Each item is scored from 0 to 5, with a total score ranging from 0 to 50. Higher scores indicate greater neck-related disability. The NDI score will be assessed at the predefined time points to evaluate changes in neck disability following the intervention.
Range of Motion
Time frame: Participants will be assed at baseline, then week 3 and then week 6
Cervical Range of Motion (ROM) Cervical range of motion will be assessed to determine changes in neck mobility following the intervention. Cervical movements including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation will be measured using a standardized method, such as a cervical goniometer or digital inclinometer. The range of movement will be recorded in degrees at the specified assessment time points. Changes in cervical ROM from baseline to post-intervention will be evaluated to determine ch
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Marium Khalid, MSOPMT principal investigator
Ibadat International University, Islamabad
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing VISUAL FEEDBACK and Pressure Biofeedback in people with Forward Head Posture, run by Ibadat International University, Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Marium Khalid ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, MSOMPT (+923341510369, marium.khalid@uipt.iiui.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (time frame: participants wiill be assesed at baseline, then at week 3 and then at week 6). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Oct 2026.