Prostate AdenocarcinomaNCT05665738
Two-fraction HDR Monotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
A study testing High Dose Rate Monotherapy in people with Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Localized Prostate Carcinoma, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This is a single center single arm prospective pilot study investigating the safety of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy delivered in 2 fractions 3 hours apart. HDR monotherapy has been established as safe and effective in this context, however previous studies have delivered 2 fractions on separate… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Prostate Adenocarcinoma, Localized Prostate Carcinoma
- What is being tested?
- High Dose Rate Monotherapy
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 17 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 11 Sep 2024to 28 Feb 2029
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants must have histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network favorable intermediate risk stratification, defined as one or more intermediate risk factors such as cT2b - cT2c category, grade group 1 or 2, or PSA 10-20 ng/mL, and less than 50% of biopsy cores positive for carcinoma (i.e. for this trial, we will only include systematic biopsy cores, not targeted biopsy cores).
- Age >=18 years.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status <2 (Karnofsky >60%).
- Eligible to undergo High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy as determined by the treating radiation oncologist.
- Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
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- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial.
- For participants with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated.
- Individuals with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For individuals with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load.
- Individuals with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial.
- Willingness and ability to complete International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaires.
Who cannot join
- Any prior treatment for prostate cancer.
- Prior history of pelvic malignancy.
- Any prior androgen deprivation therapy.
- Is currently receiving any other investigational agents.
- Abnormal pre-brachytherapy assessment raising concern for undergoing HDR brachytherapy procedure.
- Contraindications to general anesthesia.
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- Contraindications to radiotherapy.
- Prior history of pelvic radiotherapy.
- Presence of lymph node or distant metastases.
- Prior cryosurgery or cryotherapy to the prostate.
- Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or transurethral incision within the previous 6 months.
- Estimated prostate volume >60 cubic centimeters as determined by transrectal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.
- IPSS score of 15 or higher prior to treatment.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, 94143
Imani Dunn, 877-827-3222, Imani.Dunn@ucsf.edu
877-827-3222, cancertrials@ucsf.edu
About this study
Official title: Two-fraction High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as Monotherapy Delivered Three Hours Apart in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study
This is a single center single arm prospective pilot study investigating the safety of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy delivered in 2 fractions 3 hours apart. HDR monotherapy has been established as safe and effective in this context, however previous studies have delivered 2 fractions on separate days, or at least 6 hours apart. Clinically, this regimen, if shown to be safe and effective in future studies, has the potential to reduce operative resources and logistical stresses on brachytherapy departments.
Read the detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
- To determine the safety of HDR monotherapy 13.5 Gy x 2 fractions delivered 3 hours apart in patients with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
- To describe the prostate specific antigen (PSA) kinetics associated with HDR brachytherapy monotherapy 13.5 Gy x 2 fractions delivered 3 hours apart for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.
OUTLINE:
Treatment will be administered on an outpatient basis. All treatment will be delivered over a single day. Participants will be followed for 6 months after last treatment or removal from study, or until death, whichever occurs first. Additional Follow up will be as per usual guidelines for prostate cancer, every 3 months following treatment with PSA for the first year, then every 4 months after year 2, and every 6 months after year 3 until 5 years of follow up are completed.
- Being tested
- High Dose Rate Monotherapy
- Keywords
- Brachytherapy, Radiotherapy, High Dose Rate
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High Dose Rate MonotherapyRadiation
Also called HDR Monotherapy, High dose rate brachytherapy
High dose rate brachytherapy delivered in 13.5 Gy x 2 fractions over a single implant procedure 3 hours apart
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HDR brachytherapy | Experimental | Participants will receive the same radiotherapy technique, methods, and delivery will as standard of care 3 hours apart instead of receiving the radiotherapy on separate days. Receives: Radiation: High Dose Rate Monotherapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Proportion of participants with treatment-related adverse events
The proportion of participants with reported grade 3 or higher genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities, as graded by the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 will be reported.
Measured: Up to 6 months
Secondary outcomes (3)
Mean Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Nadir
The mean (average) PSA nadir after treatment will be reported along with standard deviations.
Measured: Up to 6 months
Mean Time to PSA Nadir
The mean (average) time to PSA nadir after treatment will be reported along with standard deviations.
Measured: Up to 6 months
Mean Change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) over time
The mean change over time on scores for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) will be reported along with standard deviations. The IPSS measures the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile function with lower numbers indicating less change in symptoms. Seven questions with scores ranging from 1-5 are summed to create a total score. Scores of 1-7 indicate mild symptoms, scores of 8-19 indicate moderate symptoms, and scores of 20-35 indicate severe symptoms.
Measured: Up to 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Dec 2022
- Study start11 Sep 2024
- Primary completion28 Feb 2029 (estimated)
- Study completion28 Feb 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Prostate AdenocarcinomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, San FranciscoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 17 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- I-Chow Hsu, MD, Principal investigator, University of California, San Francisco
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05665738
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 23721
- Other IDs
- NCI-2024-01993
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Dec 2022
- Last updated
- 17 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Martell K, Mendez LC, Chung HT, Tseng CL, Alayed Y, Cheung P, Liu S, Vesprini D, Chu W, Wronski M, Szumacher E, Ravi A, Loblaw A, Morton G. Results of 15 Gy HDR-BT boost plus EBRT in intermediate-risk prostate cancer: Analysis of over 500 patients. Radiother Oncol. 2019 Dec;141:149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.08.017. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
PubMed 31522882Viani GA, Arruda CV, Assis Pellizzon AC, De Fendi LI. HDR brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Brachytherapy. 2021 Mar-Apr;20(2):307-314. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.10.009. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
PubMed 33461894Morton G, McGuffin M, Chung HT, Tseng CL, Helou J, Ravi A, Cheung P, Szumacher E, Liu S, Chu W, Zhang L, Mamedov A, Loblaw A. Prostate high dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer: Efficacy results from a randomized phase II clinical trial of one fraction of 19 Gy or two fractions of 13.5 Gy. Radiother Oncol. 2020 May;146:90-96. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.02.009. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
PubMed 32146259Alayed Y, Loblaw A, McGuffin M, Chung HT, Tseng CL, D'Alimonte L, Cheung P, Liu S, Chu W, Szumacher E, Helou J, Ravi A, Haider M, Mamedov A, Zhang L, Morton G. Single-fraction HDR brachytherapy as monotherapy in low and intermediate risk prostate cancer: Outcomes from two clinical trials with and without an MRI-guided boost. Radiother Oncol. 2021 Jan;154:29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.007. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
PubMed 32918971Corkum MT, Achard V, Morton G, Zilli T. Ultrahypofractionated Radiotherapy for Localised Prostate Cancer: How Far Can We Go? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2022 May;34(5):340-349. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.12.006. Epub 2021 Dec 25.
PubMed 34961659Kukielka AM, Dabrowski T, Walasek T, Olchawa A, Kudzia R, Dybek D. High-dose-rate brachytherapy as a monotherapy for prostate cancer--Single-institution results of the extreme fractionation regimen. Brachytherapy. 2015 May-Jun;14(3):359-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2015.01.004. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
PubMed 25736733
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Two-fraction High Dose Rate Brachytherapy as Monotherapy Delivered Three Hours Apart in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05665738
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 23721
- Keywords
- Brachytherapy, Radiotherapy, High Dose Rate
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 17 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San FranciscoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Feb 2029 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 28 Feb 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a single center single arm prospective pilot study investigating the safety of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy delivered in 2 fractions 3 hours apart. HDR monotherapy has been established as safe and effective in this context, however previous studies have delivered 2 fractions on separate days, or at least 6 hours apart. Clinically, this regimen, if shown to be safe and effective in future studies, has the potential to reduce operative resources and logistical stresses on brachytherapy departments.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
- To determine the safety of HDR monotherapy 13.5 Gy x 2 fractions delivered 3 hours apart in patients with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
- To describe the prostate specific antigen (PSA) kinetics associated with HDR brachytherapy monotherapy 13.5 Gy x 2 fractions delivered 3 hours apart for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.
OUTLINE:
Treatment will be administered on an outpatient basis. All treatment will be delivered over a single day. Participants will be followed for 6 months after last treatment or removal from study, or until death, whichever occurs first. Additional Follow up will be as per usual guidelines for prostate cancer, every 3 months following treatment with PSA for the first year, then every 4 months after year 2, and every 6 months after year 3 until 5 years of follow up are completed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| HDR brachytherapy | Experimental | Radiation: High Dose Rate MonotherapyParticipants will receive the same radiotherapy technique, methods, and delivery will as standard of care 3 hours apart instead of receiving the radiotherapy on separate days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Participants must have histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network favorable intermediate risk stratification, defined as one or more intermediate risk factors such as cT2b - cT2c category, grade group 1 or 2, or PSA 10-20 ng/mL, and less than 50% of biopsy cores positive for carcinoma (i.e. for this trial, we will only include systematic biopsy cores, not targeted biopsy cores).
- Age >=18 years.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status <2 (Karnofsky >60%).
- Eligible to undergo High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy as determined by the treating radiation oncologist.
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Any prior treatment for prostate cancer.
- Prior history of pelvic malignancy.
- Any prior androgen deprivation therapy.
- Is currently receiving any other investigational agents.
- Abnormal pre-brachytherapy assessment raising concern for undergoing HDR brachytherapy procedure.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High Dose Rate MonotherapyAlso: HDR Monotherapy, High dose rate brachytherapyHigh dose rate brachytherapy delivered in 13.5 Gy x 2 fractions over a single implant procedure 3 hours apart | Radiation | HDR brachytherapy |
Primary outcome
Proportion of participants with treatment-related adverse events
Time frame: Up to 6 months
The proportion of participants with reported grade 3 or higher genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities, as graded by the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 will be reported.
3 secondary outcomes
Mean Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Nadir
Time frame: Up to 6 months
Mean Time to PSA Nadir
Time frame: Up to 6 months
Mean Change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) over time
Time frame: Up to 6 months
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 31522882Martell K, Mendez LC, Chung HT, Tseng CL, Alayed Y, Cheung P, Liu S, Vesprini D, Chu W, Wronski M, Szumacher E, Ravi A, Loblaw A, Morton G. Results of 15 Gy HDR-BT boost plus EBRT in intermediate-risk prostate cancer: Analysis of over 500 patients. Radiother Oncol. 2019 Dec;141:149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.08.017. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
- Background: PubMed 33461894Viani GA, Arruda CV, Assis Pellizzon AC, De Fendi LI. HDR brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Brachytherapy. 2021 Mar-Apr;20(2):307-314. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.10.009. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
- Background: PubMed 32146259Morton G, McGuffin M, Chung HT, Tseng CL, Helou J, Ravi A, Cheung P, Szumacher E, Liu S, Chu W, Zhang L, Mamedov A, Loblaw A. Prostate high dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer: Efficacy results from a randomized phase II clinical trial of one fraction of 19 Gy or two fractions of 13.5 Gy. Radiother Oncol. 2020 May;146:90-96. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.02.009. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
- Background: PubMed 32918971Alayed Y, Loblaw A, McGuffin M, Chung HT, Tseng CL, D'Alimonte L, Cheung P, Liu S, Chu W, Szumacher E, Helou J, Ravi A, Haider M, Mamedov A, Zhang L, Morton G. Single-fraction HDR brachytherapy as monotherapy in low and intermediate risk prostate cancer: Outcomes from two clinical trials with and without an MRI-guided boost. Radiother Oncol. 2021 Jan;154:29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.007. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
- Background: PubMed 34961659Corkum MT, Achard V, Morton G, Zilli T. Ultrahypofractionated Radiotherapy for Localised Prostate Cancer: How Far Can We Go? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2022 May;34(5):340-349. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.12.006. Epub 2021 Dec 25.
- Background: PubMed 25736733Kukielka AM, Dabrowski T, Walasek T, Olchawa A, Kudzia R, Dybek D. High-dose-rate brachytherapy as a monotherapy for prostate cancer--Single-institution results of the extreme fractionation regimen. Brachytherapy. 2015 May-Jun;14(3):359-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2015.01.004. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
I-Chow Hsu, MD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing High Dose Rate Monotherapy in people with Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Localized Prostate Carcinoma, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imani Dunn (877-827-3222, Imani.Dunn@ucsf.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Proportion of participants with treatment-related adverse events (time frame: Up to 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05665738, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Sep 2026.