Inhalation AnesthesiaNCT05615194
The Impact of a Single Dexmedetomidine Bolus on Intraoperative Sevoflurane Consumption (DEXHALE)
A study testing Dexmedetomidine in people with Inhalation Anesthesia and Dexmedetomidine, run by Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
Sevoflurane is a volatile agent easy to control thanks to the Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) allowing its titration for an optimal depth of anesthesia. Growing biomedical evidence also highlight its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Inhalation Anesthesia, Dexmedetomidine, Sevoflurane
- What is being tested?
- Dexmedetomidine
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- 5 Dec 2022to 1 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- ASA 1-3 patients
- Undergoing laparoscopic surgery of duration time expected under 120 minutes using general anesthesia with sevoflurane
- Fully consented
- Age > 18yo
- No allergy to one of the medications used in this study.
Who cannot join
- History of severe coronary artery disease; ventricular dysfunction, serious cardiac arrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation and high-grade atrioventricular block)
- Moderate to severe renal or hepatic dysfunction
- Allergy to any drug used in the study protocol
- Refusal of the patient for participation in the study
- History of severe PONV
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site
Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montréal
Montreal, Quebec, H1T2M4
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Clinical Study to Assess the Impact of a Single Dexmedetomidine Bolus During Induction of General Anesthesia on Intraoperative Sevoflurane Consumption in Elective Laparoscopic Surgery
Sevoflurane is a volatile agent easy to control thanks to the Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) allowing its titration for an optimal depth of anesthesia. Growing biomedical evidence also highlight its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery and, potentially, in organ transplant. The estimated annual contribution of inhalational anesthetic agents represents about 0.01% of global CO2 production. Alternatives such as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) avoid direct greenhouse emission, but their indirect carbon footprint remains a major problem. For all these reasons, this research aim to find a way to maintain the use of sevoflurane for its clinical benefits while reducing its consumption to limit the environmental consequences. The use of dexmedetomidine could help anesthesiologists to achieve this greener sevoflurane anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist described as a unique sedative with analgesic and sympatholytic properties. This new randomized controlled trial (RCT) will answer the question whether a single bolus of dexmedetomidine (0.6 mcg.kg-1 on 10 minutes during induction) compared to placebo has a clinically significant impact on sevoflurane consumption during laparoscopic elective surgery.
Read the detailed description
Inhaled gases have been used since the advent of anesthesia due to their analgesic and dissociative properties. However, these are now part of a growing environmental debate which leads us to reconsider their systematic use for general anesthesia. Sevoflurane is a volatile agent easy to monitor using the Minimal Alveolar Concentration (MAC) facilitating its titration for adequate anesthesia depth. Growing biomedical evidence also highlight its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery and, potentially, in organ transplant.
The estimated annual contribution of inhalational anesthetic agents represents about 0.01% of global CO2 production. This data can be illustrated as a commercial airliner flying 418 times around the world. Desflurane is gradually abandoned as its greenhouse effect is 25 times more potent than sevoflurane for an equivalent MAC and fresh gas flow. As low-flow inhalational techniques and scavenging technologies become the standard of practice, anesthesiologists still cannot prevent the gas to be released in the atmosphere .
Alternatives such as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) avoid direct greenhouse emission, but their indirect carbon footprint remains a major problem. Propofol has a high potential for bioaccumulation. It has high mobility in soil, resists degradation in aquatic environment and concentrates in adipose tissue of aquatic organism. To control its toxicity, destruction should be done by incineration over 1000°C. Unfortunately, studies prove that 32-49% of dispensed propofol is waisted and is mostly disposed unproperly.
For all these reasons, this research aim to find a way to maintain the use of sevoflurane for its clinical benefits while reducing its consumption to limit the environmental consequences.
The use of dexmedetomidine could help us achieve this greener sevoflurane anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist described as a unique sedative with analgesic and sympatholytic properties. Currently approved for sedation, this molecule shows many advantages compared to hypnotic drugs such as propofol. Although still under investigation, dexmedetomidine would possibly have a lower hazard environmental score. The use of dexmedetomidine also shows promising results regarding the reduction of emergence cough and agitation. Decrease in pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are other benefits of dexmedetomidine providing conditions to promote enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).
Many investigations have studied impacts of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to general anesthesia for its opioid sparing capacity, and hemodynamics response during laparoscopic surgeries. Fewer research specifically wondered about sevoflurane dispense outcome. Moreover, they don't reflect the anesthesia practice of North America and their sample sizes are low.
This new randomized controlled trial (RCT) will answer the question whether a single bolus of dexmedetomidine (0.6 mcg.kg-1 on 10 minutes during induction) compared to placebo has a clinically significant impact on sevoflurane consumption during laparoscopic elective surgery. Opioid requirement, need for vasopressors, post-operative events (PONV, shivering, critical respiratory event) and time for readiness for Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) will also be assessed.
- Conditions
- Inhalation Anesthesia, Dexmedetomidine, Sevoflurane, Laparoscopy
- Being tested
- Dexmedetomidine, Placebo
- Keywords
- Environment, kgCO2eq
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
DexmedetomidineDrug
Also called Precedex, Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride, DIN : 02339366
0.6 mcg/kg in infusion over 10 minutes
PlaceboDrug
Also called Normal Saline, NaCl 0.9%
Volume equivalent in infusion over 10 minutes
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Normal saline in volume equivalent of dexmedetomidine dose according to patient weight ; Administered via infusion pump (Smith Medical Medfusion® 4000 Syringe Infusion Pump) so that the full dose is delivered over 10 minutes during induction of general anesthesia Receives: Drug: Placebo |
| Dexmedetomidine | Active comparator | Dexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg/kg (adjusted body weight) ; Administered via infusion pump (Smith Medical Medfusion® 4000 Syringe Infusion Pump) so that the full dose is delivered over 10 minutes during induction of general anesthesia Receives: Drug: Dexmedetomidine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Sevoflurane consumption expressed in mL.kg-1.h-1
To compare the total sevoflurane consumption when using a dexmedetomidine single bolus (group D) of 0.6 mcg.kg-1 on 10 minutes during induction versus placebo (group C). This will be expressed in mL.kg-1.h-1 of surgery.
Measured: From intubation to end of surgery
Secondary outcomes (10)
Total intra-operative remifentanil consumption (in mcg.kg-1)
To compare the total intra-operative remifentanil consumption during anesthesia based on the NoL index (Medasense Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel)
Measured: From intubation to end of surgery
Percentage of time during the intraoperative period for which the NOL index will be above the pain threshold of 25 (in % of surgical time)
To compare the percentage of time during the intraoperative period for which the NOL index will be above the pain threshold of 25
Measured: From intubation to end of surgery
Total amount of hydromorphone given IV in PACU (in mg)
To quantify the total amount of hydromorphone needed in PACU
Measured: From PACU admission to discharge
Intra-operative and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) doses of vasopressors
To compare the intra- and post-operative requirements of phenylephrine, ephedrine, glycopyrrolate and atropine
Measured: From intubation to PACU discharge
Mean end tidal sevoflurane (in %) and MAC needed to maintain the BIS index (Medtronic, Canada) between 40 and 60
To compare the mean end tidal sevoflurane (EtSevo) and MAC needed to maintain the BIS index between 40 and 60
Measured: From intubation to end of surgery
Total intraoperative time from intubation until end of surgery with BIS index between 40 and 60 (in minutes)
To compare the % of total intraoperative time from intubation until end of surgery with BIS index between 40 and 60
Measured: From intubation to end of surgery
Time for extubation (in minutes)
To compare the time for extubation
Measured: From sevoflurane discontinuation to extubation
Time for awakening (in minutes)
To compare the time for awakening
Measured: From sevoflurane discontinuation to when the patient is opening his eyes
Postoperative outcomes such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), shivering and critical respiratory event (CRE)
To assess postoperative outcomes such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), shivering and critical respiratory event (CRE)
A CRE will be defined as the occurrence of one of the following criteria:
- Upper airway obstruction requiring an intervention
- Moderate hypoxemia: SpO2 of 90-93% on 2 L.min-1 nasal cannula O2
- Severe hypoxemia: SpO2 < 90% on 2 L.min-1 nasal cannula O2
- Signs of respiratory distress or impeding ventilatory failure
- Patient requiring reintubation in the PACU
- Clinical evidence or suspicion of pulmonary aspiration after tracheal extubation
Measured: From PACU admission to discharge
Total time spent in PACU (in minutes)
To compare total time for readiness for discharge from PACU between groups assessed by recovery scores (Aldrete's modified score and Maisonneuve-Rosemont PACU score)
Measured: From PACU admission to discharge
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Nov 2022
- Study start5 Dec 2022
- Primary completion1 Nov 2025
- Study completion1 Nov 2025
Why it stopped: Recruitment was too slow and difficult, we decided to prioritize other protocols that seem more clinically relevant
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Inhalation AnesthesiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Patients will be 1:1 randomly assign to one of the two following groups: dexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg.kg-1 (group D) or a saline placebo of equivalent volume (group C) to be administered on 10 minutes during induction. The patient presenting all the inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria for this study will be approached by the anesthesia research team. They will provide explanations on the study as well as a consent form to the patient for him to have time to read it before the surgery. The risk of serious and unexpected adverse reactions to dexmedetomidine will also be disclosed to the patient before his agreement to participate to the study. After his approval, the patient will sign the consent and will be randomized.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Olivier Verdonck, Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05615194
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2023-3190
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Nov 2022
- Last updated
- 23 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Clinical Study to Assess the Impact of a Single Dexmedetomidine Bolus During Induction of General Anesthesia on Intraoperative Sevoflurane Consumption in Elective Laparoscopic Surgery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05615194
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2023-3190
- Conditions
- Inhalation Anesthesia, Dexmedetomidine, Sevoflurane, Laparoscopy
- Keywords
- Environment, kgCO2eq
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Recruitment was too slow and difficult, we decided to prioritize other protocols that seem more clinically relevant
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de MontréalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Sevoflurane is a volatile agent easy to control thanks to the Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) allowing its titration for an optimal depth of anesthesia. Growing biomedical evidence also highlight its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery and, potentially, in organ transplant. The estimated annual contribution of inhalational anesthetic agents represents about 0.01% of global CO2 production. Alternatives such as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) avoid direct greenhouse emission, but their indirect carbon footprint remains a major problem. For all these reasons, this research aim to find a way to maintain the use of sevoflurane for its clinical benefits while reducing its consumption to limit the environmental consequences. The use of dexmedetomidine could help anesthesiologists to achieve this greener sevoflurane anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist described as a unique sedative with analgesic and sympatholytic properties. This new randomized controlled trial (RCT) will answer the question whether a single bolus of dexmedetomidine (0.6 mcg.kg-1 on 10 minutes during induction) compared to placebo has a clinically significant impact on sevoflurane consumption during laparoscopic elective surgery.
Detailed description
Inhaled gases have been used since the advent of anesthesia due to their analgesic and dissociative properties. However, these are now part of a growing environmental debate which leads us to reconsider their systematic use for general anesthesia. Sevoflurane is a volatile agent easy to monitor using the Minimal Alveolar Concentration (MAC) facilitating its titration for adequate anesthesia depth. Growing biomedical evidence also highlight its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery and, potentially, in organ transplant.
The estimated annual contribution of inhalational anesthetic agents represents about 0.01% of global CO2 production. This data can be illustrated as a commercial airliner flying 418 times around the world. Desflurane is gradually abandoned as its greenhouse effect is 25 times more potent than sevoflurane for an equivalent MAC and fresh gas flow. As low-flow inhalational techniques and scavenging technologies become the standard of practice, anesthesiologists still cannot prevent the gas to be released in the atmosphere .
Alternatives such as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) avoid direct greenhouse emission, but their indirect carbon footprint remains a major problem. Propofol has a high potential for bioaccumulation. It has high mobility in soil, resists degradation in aquatic environment and concentrates in adipose tissue of aquatic organism. To control its toxicity, destruction should be done by incineration over 1000°C. Unfortunately, studies prove that 32-49% of dispensed propofol is waisted and is mostly disposed unproperly.
For all these reasons, this research aim to find a way to maintain the use of sevoflurane for its clinical benefits while reducing its consumption to limit the environmental consequences.
The use of dexmedetomidine could help us achieve this greener sevoflurane anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist described as a unique sedative with analgesic and sympatholytic properties. Currently approved for sedation, this molecule shows many advantages compared to hypnotic drugs such as propofol. Although still under investigation, dexmedetomidine would possibly have a lower hazard environmental score. The use of dexmedetomidine also shows promising results regarding the reduction of emergence cough and agitation. Decrease in pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are other benefits of dexmedetomidine providing conditions to promote enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).
Many investigations have studied impacts of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to general anesthesia for its opioid sparing capacity, and hemodynamics response during laparoscopic surgeries. Fewer research specifically wondered about sevoflurane dispense outcome. Moreover, they don't reflect the anesthesia practice of North America and their sample sizes are low.
This new randomized controlled trial (RCT) will answer the question whether a single bolus of dexmedetomidine (0.6 mcg.kg-1 on 10 minutes during induction) compared to placebo has a clinically significant impact on sevoflurane consumption during laparoscopic elective surgery. Opioid requirement, need for vasopressors, post-operative events (PONV, shivering, critical respiratory event) and time for readiness for Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) will also be assessed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Patients will be 1:1 randomly assign to one of the two following groups: dexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg.kg-1 (group D) or a saline placebo of equivalent volume (group C) to be administered on 10 minutes during induction. The patient presenting all the inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria for this study will be approached by the anesthesia research team. They will provide explanations on the study as well as a consent form to the patient for him to have time to read it before the surgery. The risk of serious and unexpected adverse reactions to dexmedetomidine will also be disclosed to the patient before his agreement to participate to the study. After his approval, the patient will sign the consent and will be randomized.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboNormal saline in volume equivalent of dexmedetomidine dose according to patient weight ; Administered via infusion pump (Smith Medical Medfusion® 4000 Syringe Infusion Pump) so that the full dose is delivered over 10 minutes during induction of general anesthesia |
| Dexmedetomidine | Active comparator | Drug: DexmedetomidineDexmedetomidine 0.6 mcg/kg (adjusted body weight) ; Administered via infusion pump (Smith Medical Medfusion® 4000 Syringe Infusion Pump) so that the full dose is delivered over 10 minutes during induction of general anesthesia |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- ASA 1-3 patients
- Undergoing laparoscopic surgery of duration time expected under 120 minutes using general anesthesia with sevoflurane
- Fully consented
- Age > 18yo
- No allergy to one of the medications used in this study.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of severe coronary artery disease; ventricular dysfunction, serious cardiac arrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation and high-grade atrioventricular block)
- Moderate to severe renal or hepatic dysfunction
- Allergy to any drug used in the study protocol
- Refusal of the patient for participation in the study
- History of severe PONV
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| DexmedetomidineAlso: Precedex, Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride, DIN : 023393660.6 mcg/kg in infusion over 10 minutes | Drug | Dexmedetomidine |
| PlaceboAlso: Normal Saline, NaCl 0.9%Volume equivalent in infusion over 10 minutes | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Sevoflurane consumption expressed in mL.kg-1.h-1
Time frame: From intubation to end of surgery
To compare the total sevoflurane consumption when using a dexmedetomidine single bolus (group D) of 0.6 mcg.kg-1 on 10 minutes during induction versus placebo (group C). This will be expressed in mL.kg-1.h-1 of surgery.
10 secondary outcomes
Total intra-operative remifentanil consumption (in mcg.kg-1)
Time frame: From intubation to end of surgery
Percentage of time during the intraoperative period for which the NOL index will be above the pain threshold of 25 (in % of surgical time)
Time frame: From intubation to end of surgery
Total amount of hydromorphone given IV in PACU (in mg)
Time frame: From PACU admission to discharge
Intra-operative and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) doses of vasopressors
Time frame: From intubation to PACU discharge
Mean end tidal sevoflurane (in %) and MAC needed to maintain the BIS index (Medtronic, Canada) between 40 and 60
Time frame: From intubation to end of surgery
Total intraoperative time from intubation until end of surgery with BIS index between 40 and 60 (in minutes)
Time frame: From intubation to end of surgery
Time for extubation (in minutes)
Time frame: From sevoflurane discontinuation to extubation
Time for awakening (in minutes)
Time frame: From sevoflurane discontinuation to when the patient is opening his eyes
Postoperative outcomes such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), shivering and critical respiratory event (CRE)
Time frame: From PACU admission to discharge
Total time spent in PACU (in minutes)
Time frame: From PACU admission to discharge
Results and safety
The study was stopped early (reason given: Recruitment was too slow and difficult, we decided to prioritize other protocols that seem more clinically relevant). Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Oct 2026.
Related trials for Inhalation Anesthesia
RecruitingPhase 4
Comparison of Hemodynamics and Respiratory Function Between Ciprofol and Propofol in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-intubated General Anesthesia
Comparison of Hemodynamics and Respiratory Function Between Ciprofol and Propofol in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-intubated General Anesthesia
Recruiting
Pharyngeal Mucosal Conditioning to Prevent Postoperative Sore Throat in Septoplasty Patients With Severe Nasal Obstruction
Postoperative Sore Throat, Nasal Obstruction
Recruiting
Effects of Fospropofol Disodium TIVA and IVIH on Surgical Field Quality in Adult ESS
Fospropofol Disodium
Recruiting
Effect of a Driving Pressure Adjustment Procedure for High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Patients Undergoing Tumor Thermal Ablation in Interventional Radiology
Solid Tumor (Excluding CNS)
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Combined RSBI, TOF, and BIS for Prediction of Extubation Success
Extubation Success, Extubation Failure
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dexmedetomidine in people with Inhalation Anesthesia and Dexmedetomidine, run by Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early (reason given: Recruitment was too slow and difficult, we decided to prioritize other protocols that seem more clinically relevant). Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Sevoflurane consumption expressed in mL.kg-1.h-1 (time frame: From intubation to end of surgery). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Oct 2026.