The Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Magnesium Sulphate Versus Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Surgery

AIM OF THE study To compare between analgesic effect of magnesium sulphate versus dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine when injected intraperitoneal in abdominal aortic surgery methods This study conducted on patients scheduled for abdominal aortic surgery under general anesthesia in Mansoura University Hospitals .The duration of the study is approximately 5 months. The operation will be done after informed written consent from all patients.

Inclusion criteria:

1. Patients scheduled for abdominal aortic surgery under general anesthesia
2. American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA I-III.
3. aged 20-60

Exclusion criteria:

1. Patients with a history of previous abdominal surgery.
2. uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes, major cardiopulmonary disease.
3. psychiatric illness . On the operation day, the patients will be transferred to the operative theater, where a peripheral cannula will be inserted in a suitable forearm vein. All patients received IV midazolam 5 mg to decrease their anxiety. Routine hemodynamic monitoring will be connected, including ECG, pulse oximetry, heart rate, and noninvasive blood pressure. We will induce general anesthesia by IV propofol 1-2 mg.kg-1, fentanyl 1 μg.kg-1, in addition to atracurium 0.5 mg.kg-1. Sevoflurane inhalation was used to maintain anesthesia at a minimal alveolar concentration of 2%. Continuous monitoring of hemodynamics was done throughout the procedure. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at baseline, then every 15 minutes till the operation ended. Hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure decreased by 20% or more of its baseline value , was managed by crystalloid infusion (5 ml.kg-1) and IV ephedrine (0.1 mg.kg-1). Additionally, bradycardia, defined as heart rate below 50 bpm , was managed by IV atropine (0.2 - 0.5 mg). Tested drugs will be prepared in a sterile syringe by the hospital pharmacy and given to the aneasthetist who was blinded to the identity of drugs. After hemostasis was achieved, intraperitoneal instillation of the drugs into the peritoneal cavity by the surgeon. After the operation, patients will be transferred to the PACU, then to the internal ward, where close monitoring and assessment will be done. MAP and heart rates were also recorded every 15 minutes for two hours after surgery. They will be instructed to express their pain via the visual analogue score (VAS), with zero for no pain and ten for the maximum pain sensation ever experienced. These readings will be recorded at PACU, then every two hours for the initial 12 hours after surgery, and finally at 16 and 24 hours. If the patient reported a VAS of four or more, IV fentanyl 20-30 μg commenced. The total post-operative opioid consumption was calculated and recorded. Any opioid-related adverse events, including respiratory depression, nausea, and vomiting, were noticed and recorded. The latter two complaints will be managed by IV metoclopramide (10 mg).
4. allergy to study drugs