AzTrials
AzTrials

Biological MaturationBiMaPlExNCT05442593

Biological Maturation and Plyometric Exercise

A study testing Plyometric training in people with Biological Maturation, run by University of Thessaly at 1 site in Greece.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Plyometric training comprises one of the most widely used training methods in both individual and team sports, and is widely used by coaches as one of the main training in both adults, and children. Plyometric training highly includes the component of eccentric contraction. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 8 to 15 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Biological Maturation
What is being tested?
Plyometric training
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
20 participants
Where
1 siteGreece
Study dates
27 Jun 2022to 30 Jul 2022
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 8 to 15 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child

Who may be able to join

  • Normal BMI
  • No history of growth irregularities
  • No musculoskeletal injuries for at least six months prior to the study
  • No use of drugs or ergogenic supplements for at least one month prior to the study
  • No participation at exercise with eccentric component for at least three days prior to the study
  • No energy drinks consumption before each experimental trial

Who cannot join

  • Abnormal BMI
  • History of growth irregularities
  • Musculoskeletal injuries in the last six months prior to the study
  • Use of drugs or ergogenic supplements in the last month prior to the study
  • Participation at exercise with eccentric component in the last three days prior to the study
  • Energy drinks consumption before each experimental trial

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Greece1 site
  • Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Uninersity of Thessaly

    Trikala, Thessaly, 42100

Other trials in Greece

About this study

Official title: The Effect of Biological Maturation on Indices of Exercise-induced Muscle Damage, Neuromuscular Fatigue and Performance After Acute Plyometric Exercise

Plyometric training comprises one of the most widely used training methods in both individual and team sports, and is widely used by coaches as one of the main training in both adults, and children. Plyometric training highly includes the component of eccentric contraction. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), which is accompanied by increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), inflammatory responses, increased levels of muscle proteins into the circulation, oxidative stress, and reduction of muscle function and performance the following days. Although plyometric training is widely used in children and may lead to EIMD, there is limited data regarding the acute effects of plyometric exercise training in children. Additionally, the effect of the biological maturation status of children on EIMD after acute plyometric exercise training has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of biological maturation on EIMD after acute plyometric exercise training in children.

Read the detailed description

Plyometric training comprises one of the most widely used training methods in both individual and team sports. Plyometric training has been shown to improve neuromuscular stimulation, jumping ability, muscle strength, flexibility, muscle mass and muscle performance, running speed and muscle power. Therefore, it is widely used by coaches as one of the main training methods, in both adults, and children).

Plyometric training consists of exercises performed through the stretch-shortening cycle of the muscle where the pre-activated muscle is first stretched (eccentric action) followed by the shortening (concentric) action. Therefore, plyometric training highly includes the component of eccentric contraction. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, increased levels of muscle proteins and collagen into the circulation, and reduction of muscle function and performance.

The effect of acute plyometric training on EIMD, neuromuscular fatigue and performance has been adequately investigated in adults. Indicatively, an acute protocol of plyometric training increased DOMS, blood inflammatory markers, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, while decreased jumping performance for up to 72 hours after the end of the training. In contrast, data regarding the effect of acute plyometric training on the above indices in children are scarce. Additionally, although some data exist on children versus adults, as far as we know, there is no relative data between children with different stages of biological maturation, regardless the common use of plyometric exercises in youth training. However, such data is crucial for both coaches and young athletes to effectively design the training microcycles and incorporate the training components, but also to reduce the risk of injury.

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of different biological maturation on EIMD, metabolism, neuromuscular fatigue, oxidative stress, and muscle performance after acute plyometric exercise training in children.

According to a preliminary power analysis (probability error: 0.05, power: 0.80, effect size: 0.30), a total sample of 9 participants per group was considered appropriate in order to detect statistically meaningful changes between groups. Thus, twenty healthy male children, aged 8-15 years old, will participate to the study. Written informed consent will be provided by the parents or legal guardians of children after they will be informed about all risks, discomforts, and benefits involved in the study. The procedures will be in accordance with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki, as revised in 2013. Approval has been received from the bioethics committee of the Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly.

The study will be performed in a parallel, repeated measures design. The participants will visit the Department's Exercise Physiology laboratory 9 times in total. During the 1st visit, the participants will be examined by a pediatric endocrinologist in order to estimate their biological maturation and be assigned το a condition of either pre-adolescent or adolescent. A familiarization period with the plyometric training protocol and the evaluation procedures with low intensity will be induced (1st, 2nd, 3rd visit). During the next week (4th and 5th visit), fasting blood samples will be collected in order to estimate testosterone levels, CBC, muscle damage, and oxidative stress markers. Participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 7-days diet recalls to ensure that they do not consume to some greater extent nutrients that may affect EIMD, oxidative stress, and fatigue (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, etc.). Additionally, assessment of body mass, body height, BMI, body composition, sprint performance, jumping performance, isokinetic strength (concentric, isometric, eccentric), aerobic capacity, EIMD (CK) will be performed. After at least 3 days (6th visit), participants will perform the acute bout of plyometric exercise training, that is 8 sets of 10 maximal squat-jumps with a 2-min rest between sets. DOMS will be estimated prior to and post-training, and lactate concentration prior to, and 4 min after the 4th set and 4 min after the 8th set. Neuromuscular fatigue (maximal voluntary isometric contraction, MVIC) estimation will be performed prior to, and 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours post-training. Additionally, DOMS will be estimated at post-, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours (7th, 8th, and 9th visit) post-training. Sprint and muscle performance, CBC, CK, and oxidative stress indices will also be estimated at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours post-training.

Being tested
Plyometric training
Keywords
children, plyometric exercise, muscle damage, muscle performance, neuromuscular fatigue

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Plyometric trainingOther

    Participants will perform: 8 sets of 10 maximal countermovement jumps

Study groups in NCT05442593
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Pre-adolescentsExperimentalAcute plyometric training
Receives: Other: Plyometric training
AdolescentsExperimentalAcute plyometric training
Receives: Other: Plyometric training

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Changes in Creatine kinase

    CK will be measured in plasma using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer with commercially available kits.

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  2. Changes in blood lactate

    Lactate will be measured in capillary blood with a hand-portable analyzer.

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-plyometric training

  3. Changes in DOMS

    DOMS of knee extensors and knee flexors of both lower extremities will be measured during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region after performing three repetitions of a full squat and each participant will rate perceived soreness on a scale ranging from 1 (no soreness) to 10 (very sore).

    Measured: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours postplyometric training

  4. Changes in 10m sprint time

    10m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  5. Changes in 30m sprint time

    30m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  6. Changes in squat jump

    Squat jump height will be measured using a Chronojump contact platform

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  7. Changes in counermovement jump

    Counermovement jump height will be measured using a Chronojump contact platform

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  8. Changes in concentric peak torque

    Concentric peak torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  9. Changes in eccentric peak torque

    Eccentric peak torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer

    Measured: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  10. Changes in isometric peak torque

    Isometric peak torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer

    Measured: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training

  11. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)

    MVIC of knee extensors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer

    Measured: Baseline (pre), post-, 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-plyometric training

Secondary outcomes (10)
  1. Biological maturation stage

    Biological maturation stage will be estimated based on Tanner stage through physical examination by a pediatric endocrinologist

    Measured: Baseline

  2. Testosterone levels

    Testosterone levels will be estimated via ELISA method with a commercially available kit

    Measured: Baseline

  3. Age from Peak Height Velocity (APHV)

    APHV will be calculated via an appropriate equation

    Measured: Baseline

  4. Body weight

    Body weight will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer

    Measured: Baseline

  5. Body height

    Body height will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer

    Measured: Baseline

  6. Body mass index (BMI)

    BMI will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer

    Measured: Baseline

  7. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

    Maximal oxygen consumption will be estimeted through 20-m shuttle run test

    Measured: Baseline

  8. Body fat

    Body fat will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Baseline

  9. Lean body mass

    Lean body masswill be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry

    Measured: Baseline

  10. Dietary intake

    Dietary intake will be assessed using 7-day diet recalls

    Measured: Baseline

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted5 Jul 2022
  2. Study start27 Jun 2022
  3. Primary completion30 Jul 2022
  4. Study completion30 Jul 2022

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Screening
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Participants will be assigned to different groups according to their biological maturation and they will perform the same acute plyometric exercise
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
20 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05442593
Sponsor's protocol ID
Biol. Matur. - Plyometric Ex.
Acronym
BiMaPlEx
Status last verified
Nov 2022
First submitted
23 Jun 2022
Last updated
4 Nov 2022
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No

Publications

  • Marginson V, Rowlands AV, Gleeson NP, Eston RG. Comparison of the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after an initial and repeated bout of plyometric exercise in men and boys. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Sep;99(3):1174-81. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01193.2004. Epub 2005 Apr 7.

    PubMed 15817716
  • Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

    PubMed 28165870
  • Asadi A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Arazi H, Saez de Villarreal E. The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2018 Nov;36(21):2405-2411. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1459151. Epub 2018 Apr 3.

    PubMed 29611771

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Plyometric training in people with Biological Maturation, run by University of Thessaly at 1 site in Greece.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Greece. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Changes in Creatine kinase (time frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-plyometric training). The study lists 11 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05442593, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2022.

Free account

Keep searching with a free account

You’ve used your 3 free searches for this session. Log in or create a free AzTrials account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in