Models of CareNCT05279105
Primary Health Care Delivery Models in Conflict Settings of Cameroon and Nigeria
An observational study of Models of Care and Primary Health Care, run by University of Cambridge at 3 sites in 3 countries.
Trial summary
The overall objective of this research is to understand the PHC landscape in conflict-affected settings including choice of PHC delivery models and quality interventions used by humanitarian organisations Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Models of Care, Primary Health Care, Conflict-Affected Settings
- What is being tested?
- Program support
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesin 3 countries
- Study dates
- 17 Mar 2022to 30 Sep 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The Study population will be adults of age 21 years and above. The research will be undertaken with staff of humanitarian organizations and internally displaced populations. Project managers, project supervisors, grant writers and frontline workers of humanitarian organizations (UN agencies, international NGOs, national NGOs and CBOs) will be interviewed. Internally displaced persons in urban, peri-urban, rural and hard-to-reach areas. We will purposefully select participants from across the geographical area to ensure wide coverage of experiences/ views. In Cameroon and Nigeria, regions and states will be divided between rural, peri-urban and urban, and humanitarian organisations implementing programs in these areas will be group into urban, peri-urban and rural responders.
Who may be able to join
- Male and female staff of humanitarian organisations, internally displaced persons (confirmed to be a resident of an IDP or host community);
- Age 21 years of age or older;
- Ability to provide informed consent or assent to participate in the research
Who cannot join
- Individuals who are mentally ill or with limitations to communicate well;
- Those who cannot speak or understand the local languages so that they cannot understand the interviewer.
- Those who refuse to provide consent to the study or who do not want to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 3 countries.
3 sites in 3 countries
Cameroon1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Reach Out Cameroon
Buea, South-West Region, 88
Esther Njomo
Nigeria1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Herwa Cdi
Maiduguri
Mohammed Ngubdo Hassan
United Kingdom1 site, 1 recruiting
- Not yet recruiting
Lundi-Anne Omam Ngo Bibaa
Cambridge, CB39AL
LUNDI-ANNE OMAM N BIBAA, 0047849529803, laon2@cam.ac.uk
Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi, PhD
About this study
Official title: Primary Health Care Landscape in Conflict Settings and Choices of Delivery Models in North West and South West Regions of Cameroon and North East Nigeria
The overall objective of this research is to understand the PHC landscape in conflict-affected settings including choice of PHC delivery models and quality interventions used by humanitarian organisations
Read the detailed description
There is sparse evidence to guide the selection and design of primary health care (PHC) services that improves and maintains quality care in humanitarian settings. The Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon, and Northeast Nigeria have protracted humanitarian crises. Various models of PHC are used in these settings; ensuring quality of PHC models of care is essential to improve health outcomes. We aim to explore how PHC models are selected by humanitarian organizations and through stakeholder engagement design a toolkit for evaluation of quality in PHC care delivery across different models.
The specific objectives of the study are;
- To map different primary health care delivery models used by public, private and humanitarian organization in the conflict affected settings of NWSW Cameroon and North East Nigeria by conducting a mapping survey
- To explore the factors influencing the selection of primary health care delivery models used by humanitarian organizations to guide the selection of models of care and strengthening of programming efforts in conflict settings by conducting an exploratory qualitative study
- To determine the coverage and gaps in services across the different PHC models to develop a pilot questionnaire to evaluate quality in conflict settings by conducting an exploratory qualitative study
The humanitarian crisis in North West and South West regions of Cameroon and North East Nigeria, has led to the closure of 269/933 and 617/2367 health facilities respectively with over 2.21 million IDPs and 350,000 returnees(2, 3), creating a huge gap in the availability and accessibility of health services to affected communities. The need to conduct this study becomes even more pertinent to inform program developers and donors on key considerations to make before using different models of care, and how quality can be improved to foster sustainability
- Being tested
- Program support
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Program supportBehavioural
The intervention to be evaluated in this study is program design and selection considerations by humanitarian organisations. It will comprise of factors that motivate organisations to chose certain delivery models in providing health care in conflict-affected settings
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Humanitarian workers | Staff working in humanitarian organisations will be recruited for interviews Receives: Behavioral: Program support | |
| Internally displaced persons | Internally displaced persons living in conflict settings will be recruited for interviews Receives: Behavioral: Program support |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of frameworks developed
Framework to guide humanitarian organizations in the selection of primary health care models will be collaboratively developed following the results from the study and stakeholders meeting
Measured: 12 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Number of quality oversight toolkit developed
Following the development of a framework to inform the selection of models of care, an "oversight toolkit" for selecting models of care and monitoring a pragmatic set of quality interventions (QI) will be developed. The toolkit will include a composite score drawing from scores across all domains. This will be used to give an overall assessment score of quality.
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Mar 2022
- Study start17 Mar 2022
- Primary completion30 Mar 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Sep 2023 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Models of CareStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Cambridge
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Elrha, Reach Out Cameroon, University of Buea, University of Maiduguri, Herwa Community Development Initiative (HERWACDI)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lundi-Anne Omam Ngo Bibaa, University of Cambridge
- Investigators
- Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi, Principal investigator, University of Cambridge
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05279105
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Cambridge
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 17 Feb 2022
- Last updated
- 18 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Omam LA, Alain M, Wudiri Z, Moustapha CA, Nuraini A, Asimiya SS, O'Laughlin KN, Ambebe R, Alfred J, Jarman E, Martin S, Njingu AE, Musa I, Fuen FM, Choupo L, Andu L, Manuel S, Acha-Morfaw O, Fuh CE, Nicholas T, Idrissou M, Mohammed H, Van Bortel T, Parkes-Ratanshi R. Co-creating a decision-making framework for primary healthcare models in conflict-affected Cameroon and Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health. 2026 Mar 26;11(3):e019224. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019224.
PubMed 41887662Omam LA, O'Laughlin KN, Musa I, Fung G, Mack J, Tendongfor N, Wudiri Z, Hassan MN, Pride Y, Van Bortel T, Parkes-Ratanshi R. Factors influencing selection of models of primary health care delivery in conflict-affected settings: analysis of surveys from humanitarian organizations in Cameroon and Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res. 2026 Feb 26;26(1):455. doi: 10.1186/s12913-026-14237-3.
PubMed 41749185
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Primary Health Care Landscape in Conflict Settings and Choices of Delivery Models in North West and South West Regions of Cameroon and North East Nigeria
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05279105
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Cambridge
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of CambridgeUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Elrha, Reach Out Cameroon, University of Buea, University of Maiduguri, Herwa Community Development Initiative (HERWACDI)
- Study start
- 17 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2023 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The overall objective of this research is to understand the PHC landscape in conflict-affected settings including choice of PHC delivery models and quality interventions used by humanitarian organisations
Detailed description
There is sparse evidence to guide the selection and design of primary health care (PHC) services that improves and maintains quality care in humanitarian settings. The Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon, and Northeast Nigeria have protracted humanitarian crises. Various models of PHC are used in these settings; ensuring quality of PHC models of care is essential to improve health outcomes. We aim to explore how PHC models are selected by humanitarian organizations and through stakeholder engagement design a toolkit for evaluation of quality in PHC care delivery across different models.
The specific objectives of the study are;
- To map different primary health care delivery models used by public, private and humanitarian organization in the conflict affected settings of NWSW Cameroon and North East Nigeria by conducting a mapping survey
- To explore the factors influencing the selection of primary health care delivery models used by humanitarian organizations to guide the selection of models of care and strengthening of programming efforts in conflict settings by conducting an exploratory qualitative study
- To determine the coverage and gaps in services across the different PHC models to develop a pilot questionnaire to evaluate quality in conflict settings by conducting an exploratory qualitative study
The humanitarian crisis in North West and South West regions of Cameroon and North East Nigeria, has led to the closure of 269/933 and 617/2367 health facilities respectively with over 2.21 million IDPs and 350,000 returnees(2, 3), creating a huge gap in the availability and accessibility of health services to affected communities. The need to conduct this study becomes even more pertinent to inform program developers and donors on key considerations to make before using different models of care, and how quality can be improved to foster sustainability
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Humanitarian workers | – | Behavioral: Program supportStaff working in humanitarian organisations will be recruited for interviews |
| Internally displaced persons | – | Behavioral: Program supportInternally displaced persons living in conflict settings will be recruited for interviews |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The Study population will be adults of age 21 years and above. The research will be undertaken with staff of humanitarian organizations and internally displaced populations. Project managers, project supervisors, grant writers and frontline workers of humanitarian organizations (UN agencies, international NGOs, national NGOs and CBOs) will be interviewed. Internally displaced persons in urban, peri-urban, rural and hard-to-reach areas. We will purposefully select participants from across the geographical area to ensure wide coverage of experiences/ views. In Cameroon and Nigeria, regions and states will be divided between rural, peri-urban and urban, and humanitarian organisations implementing programs in these areas will be group into urban, peri-urban and rural responders.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male and female staff of humanitarian organisations, internally displaced persons (confirmed to be a resident of an IDP or host community);
- Age 21 years of age or older;
- Ability to provide informed consent or assent to participate in the research
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Individuals who are mentally ill or with limitations to communicate well;
- Those who cannot speak or understand the local languages so that they cannot understand the interviewer.
- Those who refuse to provide consent to the study or who do not want to participate in the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Program supportThe intervention to be evaluated in this study is program design and selection considerations by humanitarian organisations. It will comprise of factors that motivate organisations to chose certain delivery models in providing health care in conflict-affected settings | Behavioural | Humanitarian workers, Internally displaced persons |
Primary outcome
Number of frameworks developed
Time frame: 12 months
Framework to guide humanitarian organizations in the selection of primary health care models will be collaboratively developed following the results from the study and stakeholders meeting
1 secondary outcome
Number of quality oversight toolkit developed
Time frame: 12 months
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 May 2022.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41887662Omam LA, Alain M, Wudiri Z, Moustapha CA, Nuraini A, Asimiya SS, O'Laughlin KN, Ambebe R, Alfred J, Jarman E, Martin S, Njingu AE, Musa I, Fuen FM, Choupo L, Andu L, Manuel S, Acha-Morfaw O, Fuh CE, Nicholas T, Idrissou M, Mohammed H, Van Bortel T, Parkes-Ratanshi R. Co-creating a decision-making framework for primary healthcare models in conflict-affected Cameroon and Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health. 2026 Mar 26;11(3):e019224. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019224.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41749185Omam LA, O'Laughlin KN, Musa I, Fung G, Mack J, Tendongfor N, Wudiri Z, Hassan MN, Pride Y, Van Bortel T, Parkes-Ratanshi R. Factors influencing selection of models of primary health care delivery in conflict-affected settings: analysis of surveys from humanitarian organizations in Cameroon and Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res. 2026 Feb 26;26(1):455. doi: 10.1186/s12913-026-14237-3.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi principal investigator
University of Cambridge
3 sites in 3 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Models of Care and Primary Health Care, run by University of Cambridge at 3 sites in 3 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in Cameroon, Nigeria, United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact LUNDI-ANNE OMAM N BIBAA (0047849529803, laon2@cam.ac.uk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of frameworks developed (time frame: 12 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05279105, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 May 2022; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.