Coping SkillsNCT05227560
The Effect of the Emotional Freedom Technique on Students
A study testing Complementary Therapies in people with Coping Skills and Anxiety, run by Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Introduction: The interruption of education within the scope of quarantine and isolation methods during the pandemic process has caused nursing students studying in clinical practice areas to be away from the clinic for a long time. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Coping Skills, Anxiety, Complementary Therapies
- What is being tested?
- Complementary Therapies
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2021to 30 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Not receiving any psychiatric diagnosis,
- Not receiving any therapy for coping with anxiety and stress,
- Not applying emotional freedom technique before,
- Not being in the COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment care process, and
- Participating in the study determined to be voluntary.
Who cannot join
- -Not participating in any of the EFT sessions and being diagnosed with COVID-19.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of the Emotional Freedom Technique on Students' Anxiety and Coping Styles With Stress During the COVİD-19 Pandemic
Introduction: The interruption of education within the scope of quarantine and isolation methods during the pandemic process has caused nursing students studying in clinical practice areas to be away from the clinic for a long time. This situation not only affected the anxiety levels of nursing students, but also caused them to feel inadequate and to experience stress.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional freedom technique on nursing students' styles of coping with anxiety and stress.
Method:In this experimentally designed study with pretest-posttest control group, freedom of emotion technique will be applied to the experimental group for 4 sessions. In the pre-implementation phase and after the emotional freedom technique session, the state anxiety scale, coping styles scale, and subjective discomfort level scale will be applied.
Read the detailed description
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), a type of energy that has been applied recently, is a technique applied by touching meridian points to provide anxiety, depression, burnout, stress management, and desensitization to fear. The basic principle of EFT is to send activation and deactivation signals to the brain by stimulating points on the skin with different electrical properties, usually by touching them. The findings obtained from the studies show that this technique, which is a psychotherapeutic technique and provides cognitive restructuring, has statistically significant improvements at the rate of 98% in the management of psychological problems. Studies show that this approach is positive in coping with stress when considered in a wide range. Church et al. revealed that self-administered EFT provides significant improvements in anxiety, depression, pain and craving scores. A large therapeutic effect for EFT was reported in a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials using the EFT technique for anxiety disorders. In the studies, it was aimed to apply this application, which has proven positive results, to apply the emotional freedom technique in order to reduce the anxiety experienced by the students due to the reasons such as distance education and clinical education during the COVID-19 pandemic process and to enable them to cope with stress.
research questions
This study aims to address the following research questions:
What are the anxiety levels of the students who applied the emotional freedom technique (EFT)? What are the stress coping styles of the students who applied emotional freedom technique (EFT)?
- Conditions
- Coping Skills, Anxiety, Complementary Therapies, Stress
- Being tested
- Complementary Therapies
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Complementary TherapiesOther
The emotional freedom technique was applied to the experimental group.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional Freedom Technique group | Experimental | Personal characteristics questionnaire, State Anxiety Scale (SQS) and Stress Coping Styles Scale (SST) were applied to the intervention group at the pre-test stage. Subjective discomfort level scale (ERDS) was also applied to the intervention group before EFT was applied. After four sessions of EFT, "DKO", "SBO", "ORDS" were applied to the intervention group again in the post-test phase. Receives: Other: Complementary Therapies |
| Control | No intervention | Participants in the control group received no intervention throughout the study. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970. It was adapted to Turkish society in 1985 by Öner and Le Compte. The STAI is a scale that separately measures state and trait anxiety levels, with 20 items scored by a Likert scale. The expressions in the scale range from "rarely" to "almost always ."There are two types of expressions in the State-Trait Anxiety scales. Direct expressions express negative feelings, and inverted expressions express positive feelings. Reversed expressions in the state anxiety scale (SAS) are items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20. Reversed expressions in the trait anxiety scale (TAS) are 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, 36, and 39. The total score obtained from both scales varies between 20 and 80. High scores indicate a severe form of anxiety, whereas low scores indicate a mild form of anxiety
Measured: 4 months
Ways of Coping with Stress Inventory (WCI)
The ways of coping with stress inventory (Appendix 5) was developed by Şahin and Durak (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Inventory developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1984) in order to measure the level of coping skills with stress. The 30-item scale has five sub-dimensions: Self-Confident, Optimistic, Submissive, Helpless styles, and Seeking Social Support. The averages obtained by dividing the scores obtained by the number of questions give information about the coping strategy levels. For example, a score between 0-3 can be obtained from a sub-dimension. While self-confident, optimistic, and seeking social support are active coping strategies, the self-blaming, and submissive approach is one of the passive coping strategies
Measured: 4 months
The subjective units of distress scale (SUD)
The cognitive element of EFT involves self-rating of distress severity and pairing of an abbreviated exposure statement and a self-acceptance statement. The severity of distress is evaluated by subjects on an 11- point Likert scale. 0 corresponds to absolutely no distress, while ten corresponds to the maximum possible distress. This situation is considered as the subjective units of distress scale (SUD) and provides clinicians and patients with the measurement of the severity of symptoms experienced by the latter in addition to a repeated measure by which the progress of treatment can be evaluated
Measured: 4 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Feb 2022
- Study start1 Nov 2021
- Primary completion19 Dec 2021
- Study completion30 Dec 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Coping SkillsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study was carried out in an experimental design with pretest-posttest control group in order to determine the effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) application on nursing students' anxiety and stress coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Canan Eraydın, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
- Investigators
- Canan Eraydın, Doctorate, Study director, Bülent Ecevit University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05227560
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ZngldkBEU
- Status last verified
- Jan 2022
- First submitted
- 29 Dec 2021
- Last updated
- 7 Feb 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Feb 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of the Emotional Freedom Technique on Students' Anxiety and Coping Styles With Stress During the COVİD-19 Pandemic
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05227560
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ZngldkBEU
- Conditions
- Coping Skills, Anxiety, Complementary Therapies, Stress
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Introduction: The interruption of education within the scope of quarantine and isolation methods during the pandemic process has caused nursing students studying in clinical practice areas to be away from the clinic for a long time. This situation not only affected the anxiety levels of nursing students, but also caused them to feel inadequate and to experience stress.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional freedom technique on nursing students' styles of coping with anxiety and stress.
Method:In this experimentally designed study with pretest-posttest control group, freedom of emotion technique will be applied to the experimental group for 4 sessions. In the pre-implementation phase and after the emotional freedom technique session, the state anxiety scale, coping styles scale, and subjective discomfort level scale will be applied.
Detailed description
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), a type of energy that has been applied recently, is a technique applied by touching meridian points to provide anxiety, depression, burnout, stress management, and desensitization to fear. The basic principle of EFT is to send activation and deactivation signals to the brain by stimulating points on the skin with different electrical properties, usually by touching them. The findings obtained from the studies show that this technique, which is a psychotherapeutic technique and provides cognitive restructuring, has statistically significant improvements at the rate of 98% in the management of psychological problems. Studies show that this approach is positive in coping with stress when considered in a wide range. Church et al. revealed that self-administered EFT provides significant improvements in anxiety, depression, pain and craving scores. A large therapeutic effect for EFT was reported in a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials using the EFT technique for anxiety disorders. In the studies, it was aimed to apply this application, which has proven positive results, to apply the emotional freedom technique in order to reduce the anxiety experienced by the students due to the reasons such as distance education and clinical education during the COVID-19 pandemic process and to enable them to cope with stress.
research questions
This study aims to address the following research questions:
What are the anxiety levels of the students who applied the emotional freedom technique (EFT)? What are the stress coping styles of the students who applied emotional freedom technique (EFT)?
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study was carried out in an experimental design with pretest-posttest control group in order to determine the effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) application on nursing students' anxiety and stress coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Emotional Freedom Technique group | Experimental | Other: Complementary TherapiesPersonal characteristics questionnaire, State Anxiety Scale (SQS) and Stress Coping Styles Scale (SST) were applied to the intervention group at the pre-test stage. Subjective discomfort level scale (ERDS) was also applied to the intervention group before EFT was applied. After four sessions of EFT, "DKO", "SBO", "ORDS" were applied to the intervention group again in the post-test phase. |
| Control | No intervention | –Participants in the control group received no intervention throughout the study. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Not receiving any psychiatric diagnosis,
- Not receiving any therapy for coping with anxiety and stress,
- Not applying emotional freedom technique before,
- Not being in the COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment care process, and
- Participating in the study determined to be voluntary.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- -Not participating in any of the EFT sessions and being diagnosed with COVID-19.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Complementary TherapiesThe emotional freedom technique was applied to the experimental group. | Other | Emotional Freedom Technique group |
Primary outcome
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Time frame: 4 months
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970. It was adapted to Turkish society in 1985 by Öner and Le Compte. The STAI is a scale that separately measures state and trait anxiety levels, with 20 items scored by a Likert scale. The expressions in the scale range from "rarely" to "almost always ."There are two types of expressions in the State-Trait Anxiety scales. Direct expressions express negative feelings, and inverted expressions express positive feelings. Reversed expressions in the state anxiety scale (SAS) are items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20. Reversed expressions in the trait anxiety scale (TAS) are 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, 36, and 39. The total score obtained from both scales varies between 20 and 80. High scores indicate a severe form of anxiety, whereas low scores indicate a mild form of anxiety
Ways of Coping with Stress Inventory (WCI)
Time frame: 4 months
The ways of coping with stress inventory (Appendix 5) was developed by Şahin and Durak (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Inventory developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1984) in order to measure the level of coping skills with stress. The 30-item scale has five sub-dimensions: Self-Confident, Optimistic, Submissive, Helpless styles, and Seeking Social Support. The averages obtained by dividing the scores obtained by the number of questions give information about the coping strategy levels. For example, a score between 0-3 can be obtained from a sub-dimension. While self-confident, optimistic, and seeking social support are active coping strategies, the self-blaming, and submissive approach is one of the passive coping strategies
The subjective units of distress scale (SUD)
Time frame: 4 months
The cognitive element of EFT involves self-rating of distress severity and pairing of an abbreviated exposure statement and a self-acceptance statement. The severity of distress is evaluated by subjects on an 11- point Likert scale. 0 corresponds to absolutely no distress, while ten corresponds to the maximum possible distress. This situation is considered as the subjective units of distress scale (SUD) and provides clinicians and patients with the measurement of the severity of symptoms experienced by the latter in addition to a repeated measure by which the progress of treatment can be evaluated
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Feb 2022.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Canan Eraydın, Doctorate study director
Bülent Ecevit University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Complementary Therapies in people with Coping Skills and Anxiety, run by Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Feb 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (time frame: 4 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Feb 2022.