Eosinophilic EsophagitisNCT05176262
A Prospective Study of the Four Food Elimination Diet for Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
An observational study of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, run by Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study is to observe the efficacy of the four food elimination diet. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 year to 18 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jul 2011to Dec 2027
- How long will I take part?
- 5 Years
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 year to 18 years
- All sexes
- Child, Adult
Study population: Subjects will be recruited from patients evaluated at, referred to and followed at one of the participating centers. The investigator or designee will recruit participants during clinic visits or over the phone following their diagnosis of EoE and decision of treatment
Who may be able to join
- Patients ages 12 months-18 years
- Presence of clinical symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction such as: feeding aversion, failure to thrive, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, heartburn, and food impaction
- Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of EoE with ≥15 eosinophils per high power field from review of a total of six biopsies obtained from the distal and mid (three from each site) esophagus in subjects who were adequately pre-treated with a proton-pump inhibitor- 1mg/kg/dose twice daily, up to a maximum of 40mg or 30mg per dose depending on preparation for 6-8 weeks or had a normal 24 hour ph probe study18
- Patients who agree to 4-FED as their treatment of EoE
Who cannot join
- Those patients who are on oral or swallowed steroids (prior use of steroids that was discontinued more than two months prior to enrollment does not constitute an exclusion criterion)
- Patients who are unable to tolerate the 4-FED
- Patients with concurrent eosinophilic gastroenteritis or eosinophilic colitis
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
About this study
This study is to observe the efficacy of the four food elimination diet.
Read the detailed description
The goals of treatment in EoE, like for most other chronic disorders, include: 1) resolution of clinical symptoms, 2) maintenance of remission and prevention of disease relapse 3) prevention of complications such as fibrosis and strictures by maintaining histological remission 4) prevention of iatrogenic treatment related adverse reactions such as nutritional deficiencies as in dietary treatment and 5) maintenance of quality of life.
Current standard of care for the treatment of EoE include either pharmacologic modality with glucocorticosteroids (oral, or swallowed spray or slurry) or diet. Swallowed steroids are the more commonly utilized form of steroid treatment modality with histological remission rates of 50-80% of subjects. The potential drawbacks of steroid therapy include side effects such as opportunistic infections, potential suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis with prolonged use and most important disease recurrence once the medication is discontinued.
The dietary approach is based on the hypothesis that food antigen(s) trigger eosinophilic inflammation and clinical and histological remission can be induced by identifying and excluding the causative food antigen(s). It is believed that eliminating causative food antigen(s) target the cause and thus induces long term remission. The current recommendation for treatment of EoE with diet are based on a number of retrospective and observational studies.
This prospective study eliminating the four most common (cow milk protein, wheat, egg, and soy) antigens, will primarily assess the histological response in a cohort of children and will attempt to validate the findings of the previously published retrospective study. In addition by the process of orderly and sequential reintroduction of the excluded solids the investigators will identify the different foods responsible for causing esophageal inflammation and thus disease. This study will also characterize patient demographics, symptoms and histologic changes associated with the four food elimination (4-FED) process.
Health outcomes in children and adolescents related to EoE primarily focus on symptoms and histology. This does not take into consideration the health related quality of life (HRQOL), which may be conceptualized to include physical health, mental health, social functioning, role functioning, and general health perceptions.10 HRQOL has been shown to affect patient satisfaction with and adherence to treatment, and therefore long term outcomes.
The PedsQLTM 4.0 is a, self-administered, non-preference based generic instrument. It consists of a 23-item core measure of global health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The tool includes scales of physical, emotional, social and school function and is validated for children age 2-18 years. Multiple studies have demonstrated the reliability, validity and responsiveness of this instrument in healthy children and in children with chronic diseases. Even more recently developed is the PedsQLTM Eosinophilic Esophagitis Module, a disease-specific tool that has demonstrated excellent feasibility, reliability and validity in EoE patients.
- Conditions
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Medical subject headings
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 4FED Group | EoE patients recruited to this observational study will be monitored for treatment response to 4FED and treatment responders will be monitored during food reintroduction |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Efficacy of the Four Food Elimination Diet
Demonstrate the efficacy of the empiric 4-FED in inducing clinical and histological remission in children with EoE.
Measured: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Secondary outcomes (4)
Identifying food triggers
Identify specific foods responsible for causing disease from those who successfully respond to the 4-FED.
Measured: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Allergy skin prick correlation
Determine if allergy skin prick testing identifies the same foods responsible for causing esophageal inflammation as those identified based on food challenge and histology
Measured: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Determining most common and least common food trigger
Determine if cow's milk protein is the most common food antigen and soy the least common food antigen causing esophageal inflammation once foods are reintroduced back into their diet.
Measured: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Food reintroduction Quality of Life measurement
Determine how the 4-FED and the elimination and reintroduction of foods affects the quality of life of patients with EoE.
Measured: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jan 2022
- Study startJul 2011
- Primary completionMar 2016
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (18)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Eosinophilic EsophagitisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 5 Years
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Joshua Wechsler, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Investigators
- Joshua B Wechsler, MD, Principal investigator, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05176262
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2011-14635
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Oct 2021
- Last updated
- 5 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, Hess T, Nelson SP, Emerick KM, Melin-Aldana H, Li BU. Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Sep;4(9):1097-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.05.026. Epub 2006 Jul 21.
PubMed 16860614N. G, G Y, B D, et al. A prospective clinical trial of six food elimination diet and reintroduction of causative agents in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:727.
Gonsalves N, Yang GY, Doerfler B, Ritz S, Ditto AM, Hirano I. Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults; food reintroduction identifies causative factors. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jun;142(7):1451-9.e1; quiz e14-5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.001. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
PubMed 22391333Kagalwalla AF, Shah A, Li BU, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, Manuel-Rubio M, Jacques K, Wang D, Melin-Aldana H, Nelson SP. Identification of specific foods responsible for inflammation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with empiric elimination diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Aug;53(2):145-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821cf503.
PubMed 21788754Kelly KJ, Lazenby AJ, Rowe PC, Yardley JH, Perman JA, Sampson HA. Eosinophilic esophagitis attributed to gastroesophageal reflux: improvement with an amino acid-based formula. Gastroenterology. 1995 Nov;109(5):1503-12. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90637-1.
PubMed 7557132Liacouras CA, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, Verma R, Mascarenhas M, Semeao E, Flick J, Kelly J, Brown-Whitehorn T, Mamula P, Markowitz JE. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Dec;3(12):1198-206. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00885-2.
PubMed 16361045Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, Liacouras CA. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Apr;98(4):777-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07390.x.
PubMed 12738455Spergel JM, Andrews T, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, Liacouras CA. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with specific food elimination diet directed by a combination of skin prick and patch tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Oct;95(4):336-43. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61151-9.
PubMed 16279563Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, Gupta SK, Justinich C, Putnam PE, Bonis P, Hassall E, Straumann A, Rothenberg ME; First International Gastrointestinal Eosinophil Research Symposium (FIGERS) Subcommittees. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007 Oct;133(4):1342-63. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.017. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
PubMed 17919504Eiser C. Children's quality of life measures. Arch Dis Child. 1997 Oct;77(4):350-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.77.4.350. No abstract available.
PubMed 9389244Carballo E, Cadarso-Suarez C, Carrera I, Fraga J, de la Fuente J, Ocampo A, Ojea R, Prieto A. Assessing relationships between health-related quality of life and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Qual Life Res. 2004 Apr;13(3):587-99. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000021315.93360.8b.
PubMed 15130023Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care. 2001 Aug;39(8):800-12. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006.
PubMed 11468499Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Katz ER, Meeske K, Dickinson P. The PedsQL in pediatric cancer: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales, Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, and Cancer Module. Cancer. 2002 Apr 1;94(7):2090-106. doi: 10.1002/cncr.10428.
PubMed 11932914Varni JW, Seid M, Smith Knight T, Burwinkle T, Brown J, Szer IS. The PedsQL in pediatric rheumatology: reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales and Rheumatology Module. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Mar;46(3):714-25. doi: 10.1002/art.10095.
PubMed 11920407Franciosi JP, Hommel KA, DeBrosse CW, Greenberg AB, Greenler AJ, Abonia JP, Rothenberg ME, Varni JW. Development of a validated patient-reported symptom metric for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: qualitative methods. BMC Gastroenterol. 2011 Nov 18;11:126. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-11-126.
PubMed 22099448
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Prospective Study of the Four Food Elimination Diet for Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05176262
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2011-14635
- Conditions
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jul 2011 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Mar 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 4 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is to observe the efficacy of the four food elimination diet.
Detailed description
The goals of treatment in EoE, like for most other chronic disorders, include: 1) resolution of clinical symptoms, 2) maintenance of remission and prevention of disease relapse 3) prevention of complications such as fibrosis and strictures by maintaining histological remission 4) prevention of iatrogenic treatment related adverse reactions such as nutritional deficiencies as in dietary treatment and 5) maintenance of quality of life.
Current standard of care for the treatment of EoE include either pharmacologic modality with glucocorticosteroids (oral, or swallowed spray or slurry) or diet. Swallowed steroids are the more commonly utilized form of steroid treatment modality with histological remission rates of 50-80% of subjects. The potential drawbacks of steroid therapy include side effects such as opportunistic infections, potential suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis with prolonged use and most important disease recurrence once the medication is discontinued.
The dietary approach is based on the hypothesis that food antigen(s) trigger eosinophilic inflammation and clinical and histological remission can be induced by identifying and excluding the causative food antigen(s). It is believed that eliminating causative food antigen(s) target the cause and thus induces long term remission. The current recommendation for treatment of EoE with diet are based on a number of retrospective and observational studies.
This prospective study eliminating the four most common (cow milk protein, wheat, egg, and soy) antigens, will primarily assess the histological response in a cohort of children and will attempt to validate the findings of the previously published retrospective study. In addition by the process of orderly and sequential reintroduction of the excluded solids the investigators will identify the different foods responsible for causing esophageal inflammation and thus disease. This study will also characterize patient demographics, symptoms and histologic changes associated with the four food elimination (4-FED) process.
Health outcomes in children and adolescents related to EoE primarily focus on symptoms and histology. This does not take into consideration the health related quality of life (HRQOL), which may be conceptualized to include physical health, mental health, social functioning, role functioning, and general health perceptions.10 HRQOL has been shown to affect patient satisfaction with and adherence to treatment, and therefore long term outcomes.
The PedsQLTM 4.0 is a, self-administered, non-preference based generic instrument. It consists of a 23-item core measure of global health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The tool includes scales of physical, emotional, social and school function and is validated for children age 2-18 years. Multiple studies have demonstrated the reliability, validity and responsiveness of this instrument in healthy children and in children with chronic diseases. Even more recently developed is the PedsQLTM Eosinophilic Esophagitis Module, a disease-specific tool that has demonstrated excellent feasibility, reliability and validity in EoE patients.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 5 Years
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 4FED Group | – | –EoE patients recruited to this observational study will be monitored for treatment response to 4FED and treatment responders will be monitored during food reintroduction |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 year to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- Subjects will be recruited from patients evaluated at, referred to and followed at one of the participating centers. The investigator or designee will recruit participants during clinic visits or over the phone following their diagnosis of EoE and decision of treatment
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients ages 12 months-18 years
- Presence of clinical symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction such as: feeding aversion, failure to thrive, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, heartburn, and food impaction
- Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of EoE with ≥15 eosinophils per high power field from review of a total of six biopsies obtained from the distal and mid (three from each site) esophagus in subjects who were adequately pre-treated with a proton-pump inhibitor- 1mg/kg/dose twice daily, up to a maximum of 40mg or 30mg per dose depending on preparation for 6-8 weeks or had a normal 24 hour ph probe study18
- Patients who agree to 4-FED as their treatment of EoE
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Those patients who are on oral or swallowed steroids (prior use of steroids that was discontinued more than two months prior to enrollment does not constitute an exclusion criterion)
- Patients who are unable to tolerate the 4-FED
- Patients with concurrent eosinophilic gastroenteritis or eosinophilic colitis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Efficacy of the Four Food Elimination Diet
Time frame: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Demonstrate the efficacy of the empiric 4-FED in inducing clinical and histological remission in children with EoE.
4 secondary outcomes
Identifying food triggers
Time frame: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Allergy skin prick correlation
Time frame: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Determining most common and least common food trigger
Time frame: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Food reintroduction Quality of Life measurement
Time frame: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 16860614Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, Hess T, Nelson SP, Emerick KM, Melin-Aldana H, Li BU. Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Sep;4(9):1097-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.05.026. Epub 2006 Jul 21.
- BackgroundN. G, G Y, B D, et al. A prospective clinical trial of six food elimination diet and reintroduction of causative agents in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:727.
- Background: PubMed 22391333Gonsalves N, Yang GY, Doerfler B, Ritz S, Ditto AM, Hirano I. Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults; food reintroduction identifies causative factors. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jun;142(7):1451-9.e1; quiz e14-5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.001. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
- Background: PubMed 21788754Kagalwalla AF, Shah A, Li BU, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, Manuel-Rubio M, Jacques K, Wang D, Melin-Aldana H, Nelson SP. Identification of specific foods responsible for inflammation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with empiric elimination diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Aug;53(2):145-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821cf503.
- Background: PubMed 7557132Kelly KJ, Lazenby AJ, Rowe PC, Yardley JH, Perman JA, Sampson HA. Eosinophilic esophagitis attributed to gastroesophageal reflux: improvement with an amino acid-based formula. Gastroenterology. 1995 Nov;109(5):1503-12. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90637-1.
- Background: PubMed 16361045Liacouras CA, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, Verma R, Mascarenhas M, Semeao E, Flick J, Kelly J, Brown-Whitehorn T, Mamula P, Markowitz JE. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Dec;3(12):1198-206. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00885-2.
- Background: PubMed 12738455Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, Liacouras CA. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Apr;98(4):777-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07390.x.
- Background: PubMed 16279563Spergel JM, Andrews T, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, Liacouras CA. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with specific food elimination diet directed by a combination of skin prick and patch tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Oct;95(4):336-43. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61151-9.
- Background: PubMed 17919504Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, Gupta SK, Justinich C, Putnam PE, Bonis P, Hassall E, Straumann A, Rothenberg ME; First International Gastrointestinal Eosinophil Research Symposium (FIGERS) Subcommittees. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007 Oct;133(4):1342-63. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.017. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
- Background: PubMed 9389244Eiser C. Children's quality of life measures. Arch Dis Child. 1997 Oct;77(4):350-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.77.4.350. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 15130023Carballo E, Cadarso-Suarez C, Carrera I, Fraga J, de la Fuente J, Ocampo A, Ojea R, Prieto A. Assessing relationships between health-related quality of life and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Qual Life Res. 2004 Apr;13(3):587-99. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000021315.93360.8b.
- Background: PubMed 11468499Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care. 2001 Aug;39(8):800-12. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Joshua B Wechsler, MD principal investigator
Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, run by Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Efficacy of the Four Food Elimination Diet (time frame: every 6-12 months, at standard of score endoscopies). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05176262, which also lists 18 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Jun 2026.