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Colorectal AdenocarcinomaPhase 2NCT04963283

Study of Cabozantinib and Nivolumab in Refractory Metastatic Microsatellite Stable (MSS) Colorectal Cancer

A Phase 2 study testing Cabozantinib and Nivolumab in people with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Colon Cancer, run by University of Colorado, Denver at 5 sites in United States.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

Data from a prior phase II study of single agent cabozantinib in metastatic, refractory colorectal cancer (NCT03542877) combined with the compelling preclinical data in colorectal mouse models utilizing cabozantinib combined with nivolumab have led to this concept for a clinical trial to combine cabozantinib and… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Cabozantinib and Nivolumab
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
48 participants
Where
5 sitesUnited States
Study dates
23 Jun 2021to 9 Feb 2027
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • The subject has a histologic or cytologic diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma that is metastatic or unresectable;
  • The patient either did not tolerate, is refractory to or progressed (or relapsed) following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab;
  • Prior epidermal growth factor inhibitor therapy is required for patients with left-sided, RAS wild-type tumors;
  • Patients must be microsatellite stable (MSS), microsatellite-low (MSI-L) or have proficient mismatch repair (pMMR;
  • Prior TAS-102 (Lonsurf) treatment is not required;
  • Patients must have known extended RAS and BRAF status as per local standard of practice;
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  • Measurable disease per RECIST v.1.1 as determined by the investigator;
  • The subject has had an assessment of all known disease sites e.g. by computerized tomography (CT) scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 28 days before the first dose of cabozantinib;
  • The subject is ≥ 18 years old on the day of consent;
  • The subject has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1;
  • Recovery to baseline or ≤ Grade 1 CTCAE v.5.0 from toxicities related to any prior treatments, unless AE(s) are clinically nonsignificant and/or stable on supportive therapy;
  • Adequate archival tissue available from primary or metastatic site for biomarker analysis (20 unstained FFPE slides and/or tumor block with minimum of 15 slides needed for eligibility). Tissue from the primary site is preferable for analysis, but if unavailable, tissue from a metastatic site may be utilized;
  • 1. Subjects enrolled in Part 2 of this study must have a site of disease that is amenable to biopsy and be a candidate for tumor biopsy prior to the first dose of study drug to be considered for this study;
  • 20 subjects enrolled in Part 2 of the study will be required to undergo mandatory pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies.
  • 12 subjects enrolled in Part 2 of the study will not be required to undergo a mandatory tumor biopsy and thus not required to have disease amenable to biopsy;
  • The subject has organ and marrow function and laboratory values as follows within 7 days before the first dose of study treatment:
  • The ANC ≥ 1.5 x 109/L without colony stimulating factor support;
  • White blood cell count ≥ 2.5 x 109/L;
  • Platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L without transfusion;
  • Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL;
  • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN. For subjects with known Gilbert's disease, bilirubin ≤ 3.0 mg/dL;
  • Serum albumin ≥ 2.8 g/dl;
  • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 40 mL/min. For creatinine clearance estimation, the Cockcroft and Gault equation should be used:
  • Male: CrCl (mL/min) = (140 - age) × wt (kg) / (serum creatinine × 72); ii. Female: Multiply above result by 0.85; h. ALT and AST ≤ 3.0 x ULN in patients without hepatic metastases; ALT and AST ≤ 5.0 x ULN in patients with hepatic metastases; i. Lipase < 2.0 x the upper limit of normal and no radiologic or clinical evidence of pancreatitis; j. UPCR ≤ 1 mg/mg (≤ 113.2 mg/mmol), or 24-h urine protein ≤ 1 g; k. Serum phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium ≥ LLN.
  • The subject is capable of understanding and complying with the protocol requirements and has signed the informed consent document;
  • Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must agree to follow instructions for method(s) of contraception for the duration of study treatment with nivolumab and 5 months after the last dose of study treatment (i.e., 30 days (duration of ovulatory cycle) plus the time required for the investigational drug to undergo approximately five half-lives);
  • Males who are sexually active with WOCBP must agree to follow instructions for method(s) of contraception for the duration of study treatment with nivolumab and 7 months after the last dose of study treatment (i.e., 90 days (duration of sperm turnover) plus the time required for the investigational drug to undergo approximately five half-lives);

Who cannot join

  • Known microsatellite-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer.
  • The subject has received cytotoxic chemotherapy (including investigational cytotoxic chemotherapy) or biologic agents (e.g. cytokines or antibodies) within 3 weeks, or nitrosoureas/mitomycin C within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment;
  • Prior treatment with cabozantinib or other small molecule kinase inhibitors;
  • Prior treatment with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CTLA-4 antibody or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways;
  • Radiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other external radiation therapy within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. Systemic treatment with radionuclides within 6 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy are not eligible;
  • The subject has received any other type of investigational agent within 28 days before the first dose of study treatment;
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  • Known brain metastases or cranial epidural disease unless adequately treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery (including radiosurgery) and stable for at least 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. Eligible subjects must be neurologically asymptomatic and without corticosteroid treatment at the time of the start of study treatment;
  • The subject has prothrombin time (PT)/INR or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test ≥ 1.3 x the laboratory ULN within 7 days before the first dose of study treatment;
  • Concomitant anticoagulation with coumarin agents (e.g., warfarin), direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran). Direct factor Xa inhibitor betrixaban, or platelet inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel). Allowed anticoagulants are the following:
  • Prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin for cardio-protection (per local applicable guidelines) and low-dose low molecular weight heparins (LMWH).
  • Therapeutic doses of LMWH or anticoagulation with direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, edoxaban, or apixaban in subjects without known brain metastases who are on a stable dose of the anticoagulant for at least 1 week before first dose of study treatment without clinically significant hemorrhagic complications from the anticoagulation regimen or the tumor;
  • Clinically significant hematuria, hematemesis, or hemoptysis of > 0.5 teaspoon (2.5 ml) of red blood, or other history of significant bleeding (e.g., pulmonary hemorrhage) within 12 weeks before first dose of study treatment;
  • The subject has radiographic evidence of cavitating pulmonary lesion(s) or known endobronchial disease manifestation;
  • The subject has tumor invading or encasing any major blood vessels;
  • The subject has evidence of clinically significant bleeding from tumor invading the GI tract (esophagus, stomach, small or large bowel, rectum or anus), or any evidence of endotracheal or endobronchial tumor within 28 days before the first dose of study treatment;
  • The subject has uncontrolled, significant intercurrent or recent illness including, but not limited to, the following conditions:
  • Cardiovascular disorders including: i. Congestive heart failure (CHF): New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III (moderate) or Class IV (severe) at the time of screening; ii. Concurrent uncontrolled hypertension defined as sustained blood pressure (BP) > 140 mm Hg systolic or > 90 mm Hg diastolic despite optimal antihypertensive treatment within 7 days of the first dose of study treatment; iii. Any history of congenital long QT syndrome; iv. Any of the following within 6 months before the first dose of study treatment:
  • unstable angina pectoris;
  • clinically-significant cardiac arrhythmias;
  • stroke (including transient ischemic attack (TIA), or other ischemic event);
  • myocardial infarction;
  • thromboembolic event requiring therapeutic anticoagulation (Note: subjects with a venous filter (e.g. vena cava filter) are not eligible for this study);
  • Subjects with a diagnosis of incidental, subsegmental PE or DVT within 6 months are allowed if stable, asymptomatic, and treated with a stable dose of permitted anticoagulation (see exclusion criterion #8) for at least 1 week before first dose of study treatment; b. GI disorders particularly those associated with a high risk of perforation or fistula formation including: i. The subject has evidence of tumor invading the GI tract, active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease), diverticulitis, cholecystitis, symptomatic cholangitis or appendicitis, acute pancreatitis or acute obstruction of the pancreatic duct or common bile duct, or gastric outlet obstruction ii. Abdominal fistula, GI perforation, bowel obstruction, intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months before randomization, Note: Complete healing of an intra-abdominal abscess must be confirmed prior to randomization c. Other clinically significant disorders that would preclude safe study participation: i. Serious non-healing wound/ulcer/bone fracture; ii. Uncompensated/symptomatic hypothyroidism; iii. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C);
  • Major surgery (e.g., laparoscopic nephrectomy, GI surgery, removal or biopsy of brain metastasis) within 2 weeks before first dose of study treatment. Minor surgeries within 10 days before first dose of study treatment. Subjects must have complete wound healing from major surgery or minor surgery before first dose of study treatment. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior surgery are not eligible;
  • Corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula (QTcF) > 500 ms per electrocardiogram (ECG) within 14 days before first dose of study treatment.
  • Note: If a single ECG shows a QTcF with an absolute value > 500 ms, two additional ECGs at intervals of approximately 3 min must be performed within 30 min after the initial ECG, and the average of these three consecutive results for QTcF will be used to determine eligibility.
  • Pregnant or lactating females;
  • Inability to swallow intact tablets;
  • Previously identified allergy or hypersensitivity to components of the study treatment formulations;
  • History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any monoclonal antibody;
  • Diagnosis of another malignancy within 2 years before the first dose of study treatment, except for superficial skin cancers, or localized, low-grade tumors deemed cured and not treated with systemic therapy;
  • Active, known or suspected autoimmune disease (patients with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders not requiring systemic treatment or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted);
  • Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone or equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of first dose of study treatment. Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement steroids >10 mg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease. The use of corticosteroids for premedication for patients with documented contrast allergy prior to imaging is permitted;
  • Subjects with interstitial lung disease that is symptomatic or may interfere with the detection or management of suspected drug-related pulmonary toxicity;
  • Prior stem cell transplant or solid organ transplant;
  • Known history of positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS);
  • Any positive test result for hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) indicating acute or chronic infection, and/or detectable virus;
  • Subjects that have received a live/attenuated vaccine within 30 days of first dose of study treatment.

Trial locations and contacts

5 sites in 1 country.

5 sites in 1 country

United States5 sites

  • University of Colorado Hospital

    Aurora, Colorado, 80012

  • UCHealth Memorial Hospital Central

    Colorado Springs, Colorado, 80909

  • UCHealth Harmony Campus

    Fort Collins, Colorado, 80528

  • UCHealth Family Medicine - Greeley

    Greeley, Colorado, 80634

  • UCHealth Medical Center of the Rockies

    Loveland, Colorado, 80538

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: A Phase II Study of Cabozantinib and Nivolumab in Refractory Metastatic Microsatellite Stable (MSS) Colorectal Cancer

Data from a prior phase II study of single agent cabozantinib in metastatic, refractory colorectal cancer (NCT03542877) combined with the compelling preclinical data in colorectal mouse models utilizing cabozantinib combined with nivolumab have led to this concept for a clinical trial to combine cabozantinib and nivolumab in patients with metastatic MSS CRC in the third line setting and beyond.

Read the detailed description

This is an open-label, single-arm, 2-stage, phase II study of cabozantinib in combination with nivolumab in patients with refractory metastatic CRC. Up to 46 evaluable patients will be treated with cabozantinib 40 mg orally daily in combination with nivolumab 480 mg IV every 28 days. One cycle is defined as 28 days.

Being tested
Cabozantinib, Nivolumab
Keywords
cabozantinib, nivolumab, immunotherapy, opdivo, cabometyx
Medical subject headings
Colonic Neoplasms, Rectal Neoplasms, Colorectal Neoplasms

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • CabozantinibDrug

    Also called Cabometyx

    Cabozantinib is a multi-targeted inhibitor of RTKs. The targets of cabozantinib include several RTKs known to play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and/or tumor neovascularization, namely MET, VEGFR2 (also known as KDR), AXL, and RET. Other recognized targets of cabozantinib include ROS1, TRKA, TRKB, TIE2, TYRO3, and MER, two additional members of the VEGFR family (VEGFR1, VEGFR3), and the closely related RTKs KIT and FLT-3. The mode of action for cabozantinib is similar to other drugs targeting RTKs: binding in a fully reversible manner to a region of the kinase domain (including the ATP-binding site) which forces the kinase activation loop into a pseudo-inactive conformation, thereby inhibiting subsequent catalytic activity.

  • NivolumabDrug

    Also called Opdivo

    Nivolumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death-1 (PD-1) cluster of differentiation 279 (CD279) cell surface membrane receptor. Nivolumab binds specifically to the human PD-1 receptor and inhibits the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands, programmed death ligands-1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2), which promotes immune responses and antigen-specific T-cell responses to foreign- and self- antigens. Nivolumab is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and is produced using standard mammalian cell cultivation and chromatographic purification technologies.

Study groups in NCT04963283
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Cabozantinib 40 mg orally daily in combination with nivolumab 480 mg IV every 28 days.ExperimentalCabozantinib is supplied as 20-mg tablets and will be administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/day. Nivolumab is supplied in 100 mg/Vial (10 mg/mL) vials and will be administered IV at a dose of 480 mg every 28 days.
Receives: Drug: Cabozantinib; Drug: Nivolumab

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Disease Control Rate (DCR)

    DCR is defined using the RECIST 1.1 criteria as the proportion of subjects who have achieved confirmed complete response (CR), confirmed partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) at 16-weeks.

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, or death, whichever comes first, up to 24 months

Secondary outcomes (6)

  1. Objective Response Rate (ORR)

    ORR is defined using the RECIST 1.1 criteria as the proportion of subjects with a confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR).

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, or death, whichever comes first, up to 24 months

  2. Progression Free Survival (PFS)

    PFS will be defined as the time from administration of the initial dose of study treatment to evidence of radiographic progression as defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria or death from any cause without evidence of disease progression, whichever occurs first.

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, or death, whichever comes first, up to 24 months

  3. Overall Survival (OS)

    OS will be defined as the time from administration of the initial dose of study treatment until death from any cause.

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, or death, whichever comes first, up to 24 months

  4. Safety and Tolerability

    Safety and tolerability analysis of cabozantinib in combination with nivolumab summarized by dose and severity as assessed by the CTCAE version 5.0 and relationship to study drugs.

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, or death, whichever comes first, up to 24 months

  5. Exploratory Biomarker analysis - Whole Blood

    Exploratory analysis of predictive and pharmacodynamic markers by obtaining pre- and on-treatment whole blood samples pretreatment and +/- 5 days of Cycle 2 Day 1 of treatment for each patient and archived for future studies and analysis.

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, up to 24 months

  6. Exploratory Biomarker analysis - Tumor tissue

    Exploratory analysis of predictive and pharmacodynamic markers by obtaining pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies pre-treatment and +/- 5 days of Cycle 2 day 1 of treatment for a cohort of 20 patients for VECTRA analysis to evaluate for immune cell infiltration. Tissue will be archived for future studies.

    Measured: Study start date to study end date, up to 24 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted15 Jul 2021
  2. Study start23 Jun 2021
  3. Primary completion24 Feb 2026
  4. Study completion9 Feb 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Model description
This is a Phase 2, single-arm, open-label study of cabozantinib in combination with nivolumab in subjects with metastatic CRC refractory to standard of care options. The primary endpoint is DCR at 16 weeks. A Simon 2-stage optimal design will be used.
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
48 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT04963283
Sponsor's protocol ID
21-2687.cc
Other IDs
P30CA046934
Status last verified
Mar 2026
First submitted
12 Jul 2021
Last updated
31 Mar 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: De-identified IPD will be available to other researchers for the purposes of investigating the research objectives of this clinical trial. De-identified patient samples will be collected, processed and analyzed by our research laboratory collaborators to investigate our experimental objectives and endpoints outlined in the protocol. Research samples will be banked and additional testing/experiments may be undertaken pending the acquisition of additional funding to support this work. De-identified IPD will be shared with study Sponsors (Bristol Myers Squibb and Exelixis) as well as collaborating CRO (Criterium doing business as AGICC (Academic GI Cancer Consortium)) during regular study teleconferences. Future plans for sharing of IPD from final trial results have not yet been determined

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Cabozantinib and Nivolumab in people with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Colon Cancer, run by University of Colorado, Denver at 5 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 27 inclusion and 38 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 5 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Disease Control Rate (DCR) (time frame: Study start date to study end date, or death, whichever comes first, up to 24 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04963283.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Mar 2026.

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