Depression in AdolescenceLEADSNCT04719897
Life Experiences in Adolescents and the Development of Skills
A study testing FIRST: Repairing Thoughts in people with Depression in Adolescence and Adverse Childhood Experiences, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The primary objective of this study is to assess acquisition and retention of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based "cognitive restructuring" skill, among young adolescents (12-15 years of age) with elevated depression symptoms and with population-level variability in lifetime exposure to adverse childhood… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 15 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Depression in Adolescence, Adverse Childhood Experiences
- What is being tested?
- FIRST: Repairing Thoughts
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 88 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 19 May 2021to 10 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 15 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Between the ages 12 years 0 months through 15 years 11 months at study enrollment
- Have clinically elevated depression symptom severity based a cut-off score of ≥ 7 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, verified by clinician ratings on the Depression Rating Scale.
Who cannot join
- Lifetime presence of a DSM-5 Psychotic or Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Lifetime presence of a neurological or serious medical condition
- Current DSM-5 diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
About this study
Official title: Effects of Stressful Life Experiences on the Acquisition of a Coping Skill in Adolescents With Elevated Depression Symptoms
The primary objective of this study is to assess acquisition and retention of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based "cognitive restructuring" skill, among young adolescents (12-15 years of age) with elevated depression symptoms and with population-level variability in lifetime exposure to adverse childhood experiences. This study uses a repeated-measures, longitudinal design to investigate associations between adversity exposure and learning-related cognitive control processes in the context of elevated depression (Aim 1). Adversity exposure and cognitive control will be examined as direct predictors of cognitive restructuring skill acquisition and skill retention over six-months; an indirect pathway from adversity to skill acquisition through cognitive control will also be examined (Aim 2). The study also includes exploration of key characteristics of adversity, namely the type (threat of harm versus deprivation of resources) and developmental timing of exposure, as distinct predictors of skill acquisition (exploratory Aim 3).
Read the detailed description
ASSESSMENT: With verbal permission from the parent, both the interested parent and adolescent will complete an eligibility screener over the phone. The eligibility screener includes demographic information, psychiatric history, and current depression symptoms (self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the parent-report Children's Depression Inventory-2) to confirm that interested families meet initial inclusion criteria.
Baseline Assessment. A baseline assessment will be scheduled with all families. Informed consent and assent will be obtained prior to the start of any baseline assessment activities. A diagnostic interview (K-SADS-P/L) will be completed by a trained study staff member with each adolescent and their consenting parent. Diagnoses will be based on consensus ratings between adolescents and parents. Study staff will also administer the pediatric Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Depression Rating Scale (embedded in K-SADS-P/L), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale for Intelligence-II (WASI-II), the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and computerized tasks described in the outcome measures will be administered by a study staff member.
Self-report questionnaires will be administered to the parents and adolescents assessing peer victimization, community violence exposure, child and family demographics, stressful life events, food security, neglectful behaviors, social and cognitive stimulation during early childhood, discrimination, pubertal development, sleep behaviors, depression symptoms, and parent-child relationship quality.
Final study eligibility will be confirmed based on interviews and the WASI-II.
EXPERIMENTAL SKILL LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT Approximately one week following the baseline assessment (up to four weeks to allow for any scheduling difficulties) all participants will complete a 60-minute skill learning session. Prior to the experimental skills learning procedures, a study staff member will complete a brief (10-minute) interview with participants asking them to identify and describe a stressful event or interpersonal interaction from the past week. Participants will be asked to describe in detail how they coped with the event. Prompts will be given to elicit more detail when necessary. The purpose of the interview is to assess baseline cognitive restructuring skill use. After completing the interview, a trained study clinician will deliver the "Repairing Thoughts" skills module teaching cognitive restructuring from the "FIRST: Principal Based Approach to Evidence-based Psychotherapy" manual to the adolescent. The interview and the skills module may be audio and/or video recorded. Participants will be asked to practice their skill at home each day after the visit for the next week, and they will be sent an electronic daily survey to indicate whether they practiced.
Participants will be asked to complete a 90-minute, second session, one week later (up to three weeks to allow for any scheduling difficulties) to review the skill and practice in-vivo with the study clinician. After review and practice with the study clinician, a study staff member will meet with the adolescent participant to repeat the interview conducted during the first session.
As a part of this second skill learning session, a study staff member will introduce an in-vivo cognitive restructuring task to assess acquisition of the skill. Prior to the start of the in-vivo skill, resting-state continuous measurement of electrodermal activity (EDA; skin conductance), electrocardiogram (ECG), and respiration (RSP) will be collected at baseline. Study staff members (or the parent, if the adolescent prefers) will attach the electrodes and wireless transmitters (attached by velcro band to participants wrist and torso, on the exterior surface of clothing). After a baseline resting period, participants will be shown four brief film clips from movies or TV shows that have been extensively tested for reliably evoking negative emotions. Participants will be instructed to "watch" two clips, and to use cognitive restructuring to "reappraise" and reduce their emotional response during the remaining two clips (order counter-balanced). Continuous EDA, ECG, and RSP measurement will span the duration of the lab task and a three-minute recovery period that follows. The difference in physiological recovery between the "watch" and "reappraise" clips indexes cognitive restructuring ability.
Skill Retention Assessment. Participants will be sent online self-report surveys via the secure Qualtrics platform at 1-week, 3-months and 6-months follow-up. The interview conducted at pre- and post-skill learning sessions will also be repeated via phone at these timepoints. At 1-week follow-up, the online survey is a memory test for the cognitive restructuring skill. At 3-months follow-up and 6-months follow-up, self-report surveys will assess depression symptom levels, any psychotherapy or psychotropic medication services initiated since the last in-person visit, and the memory test for the cognitive restructuring skill. Adolescent participants will also re-complete the interview from the last in-person visit, conducted over the phone with study staff at all three follow-ups.
- Being tested
- FIRST: Repairing Thoughts
- Keywords
- Depression, Adolescents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Childhood Adversity, Cognitive Function, Psychophysiology
- Medical subject headings
- Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
FIRST: Repairing ThoughtsBehavioural
This intervention uses the Repairing Thoughts cognitive restructuring module of the FIRST (Feeling Calm, Increasing Motivation, Repairing Thoughts, Solving Problems, Trying the Opposite) cognitive behavioral therapy protocol. This psychotherapy module teaches adolescents that thoughts are linked to feelings and behaviors, and that thoughts are often "guesses" to interpreting the world around us. Adolescents are taught to notice their thoughts in real-time and evaluate the evidence that supports or contradicts the thoughts and interpretation. Adolescents are then taught strategies to re-interpret thoughts in a more realistic manner and notice changes in emotional and behavioral responses. Clinicians are provided with examples to enhance learning, and between-session practice is assigned as "homework."
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| FIRST: Repairing Thoughts | Experimental | Not described Receives: Behavioral: FIRST: Repairing Thoughts |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cognitive Restructuring Skill Acquisition
This primary outcome measure is an idiographic interview. A study staff member will conduct the brief idiographic interview asking participants to identify a stressful or negative event that occurred in the last week that elicited a negative emotional response. Participants will be asked to describe the event in detail, and then prompted to describe how they dealt with the event. Interviewer prompts to identify thoughts will be administered as needed. Interviews will be coded of cognitive restructuring strategies and a summary score of the amount and quality of cognitive restructuring components used will be calculated. Skill acquisition is defined as the summary score at post-intervention, controlling for summary scores at pre-intervention.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention
Cognitive Restructuring Skill Retention up to 6-months
This primary outcome measure is an idiographic interview. A study staff member will conduct the brief idiographic interview asking participants to identify a stressful or negative event that occurred in the last week that elicited a negative emotional response. Participants will be asked to describe the event in detail, and then prompted to describe how they dealt with the event. Interviewer prompts to identify thoughts will be administered as needed. Interviews will be coded of cognitive restructuring strategies and a summary score of the amount and quality of cognitive restructuring components used will be calculated. Retention of the acquired skill is defined as the summary scores at each follow-up (1-week, 3-months, and 6 months post-intervention), controlling for summary scores at post-intervention.
Measured: Pre-intervention up to 6-months follow-up
Cognitive Restructuring Knowledge Test
This outcome measure is a two-part self-report scale. The first component asks participants to describe all the steps to the cognitive restructuring skill and assesses knowledge of each component of the cognitive restructuring skill that participants learned. A total score is generated on a scale of 0-5 with higher scores indicating greater recall. The second component includes 10 multiple-choice items presenting hypothetical social scenarios with adolescents and participants are asked to rate the most likely interpretation of the situation. Correct answers reflect a use of cognitive restructuring to interpret ambiguous situations. A total score (0-10) is generated with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. This outcome measure is adapted from an existing self-report tool known as the Skill Acquisition Measure (SAM; Lindhiem and colleagues).
Measured: Immediately post-intervention
Biobehavioral sympathetic recovery
This primary outcome is a measure of psychophysiological response in the form of electrodermal activity (EDA), also known as skin conductance, which captures autonomic arousal in the sympathetic nervous system. Biobehavioral recovery is defined as the slope of EDA recovery directly following the use of cognitive restructuring in response to a negative emotion induction (film clip).
Measured: Immediately post-intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
Biobehavioral parasympathetic regulation
This secondary outcome measure captures autonomic recovery in the form of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of parasympathetic nervous system activity. RSA levels during a task where cognitive restructuring is used in response to negative emotion induction (film clip) is compared to RSA levels during a recovery period that immediately follows. RSA recovery is defined as the percent change in average RSA levels, comparing the emotion induction period to the recovery period.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Jan 2021
- Study start19 May 2021
- Primary completion10 Oct 2025
- Study completion10 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Depression in AdolescenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PittsburghThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pittsburgh
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rachel Vaughn-Coaxum, University of Pittsburgh
- Investigators
- Rachel A Vaughn-Coaxum, Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Pittsburgh
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04719897
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STUDY20040133
- Other IDs
- 1K23MH123685-01
- Acronym
- LEADS
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 18 Jan 2021
- Last updated
- 3 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The data and protocol from this study will be shared.
Publications
Weisz, J. R., & Bearman, S. K. (2020). Principle-Guided Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: The FIRST Program for Behavioral and Emotional Problems. Guilford Press.
Gilman TL, Shaheen R, Nylocks KM, Halachoff D, Chapman J, Flynn JJ, Matt LM, Coifman KG. A film set for the elicitation of emotion in research: A comprehensive catalog derived from four decades of investigation. Behav Res Methods. 2017 Dec;49(6):2061-2082. doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0842-x.
PubMed 28078572
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Stressful Life Experiences on the Acquisition of a Coping Skill in Adolescents With Elevated Depression Symptoms
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04719897
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LEADS / STUDY20040133
- Keywords
- Depression, Adolescents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Childhood Adversity, Cognitive Function, Psychophysiology
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PittsburghUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Study start
- 19 May 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 10 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Jan 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary objective of this study is to assess acquisition and retention of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based "cognitive restructuring" skill, among young adolescents (12-15 years of age) with elevated depression symptoms and with population-level variability in lifetime exposure to adverse childhood experiences. This study uses a repeated-measures, longitudinal design to investigate associations between adversity exposure and learning-related cognitive control processes in the context of elevated depression (Aim 1). Adversity exposure and cognitive control will be examined as direct predictors of cognitive restructuring skill acquisition and skill retention over six-months; an indirect pathway from adversity to skill acquisition through cognitive control will also be examined (Aim 2). The study also includes exploration of key characteristics of adversity, namely the type (threat of harm versus deprivation of resources) and developmental timing of exposure, as distinct predictors of skill acquisition (exploratory Aim 3).
Detailed description
ASSESSMENT: With verbal permission from the parent, both the interested parent and adolescent will complete an eligibility screener over the phone. The eligibility screener includes demographic information, psychiatric history, and current depression symptoms (self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the parent-report Children's Depression Inventory-2) to confirm that interested families meet initial inclusion criteria.
Baseline Assessment. A baseline assessment will be scheduled with all families. Informed consent and assent will be obtained prior to the start of any baseline assessment activities. A diagnostic interview (K-SADS-P/L) will be completed by a trained study staff member with each adolescent and their consenting parent. Diagnoses will be based on consensus ratings between adolescents and parents. Study staff will also administer the pediatric Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Depression Rating Scale (embedded in K-SADS-P/L), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale for Intelligence-II (WASI-II), the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and computerized tasks described in the outcome measures will be administered by a study staff member.
Self-report questionnaires will be administered to the parents and adolescents assessing peer victimization, community violence exposure, child and family demographics, stressful life events, food security, neglectful behaviors, social and cognitive stimulation during early childhood, discrimination, pubertal development, sleep behaviors, depression symptoms, and parent-child relationship quality.
Final study eligibility will be confirmed based on interviews and the WASI-II.
EXPERIMENTAL SKILL LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT Approximately one week following the baseline assessment (up to four weeks to allow for any scheduling difficulties) all participants will complete a 60-minute skill learning session. Prior to the experimental skills learning procedures, a study staff member will complete a brief (10-minute) interview with participants asking them to identify and describe a stressful event or interpersonal interaction from the past week. Participants will be asked to describe in detail how they coped with the event. Prompts will be given to elicit more detail when necessary. The purpose of the interview is to assess baseline cognitive restructuring skill use. After completing the interview, a trained study clinician will deliver the "Repairing Thoughts" skills module teaching cognitive restructuring from the "FIRST: Principal Based Approach to Evidence-based Psychotherapy" manual to the adolescent. The interview and the skills module may be audio and/or video recorded. Participants will be asked to practice their skill at home each day after the visit for the next week, and they will be sent an electronic daily survey to indicate whether they practiced.
Participants will be asked to complete a 90-minute, second session, one week later (up to three weeks to allow for any scheduling difficulties) to review the skill and practice in-vivo with the study clinician. After review and practice with the study clinician, a study staff member will meet with the adolescent participant to repeat the interview conducted during the first session.
As a part of this second skill learning session, a study staff member will introduce an in-vivo cognitive restructuring task to assess acquisition of the skill. Prior to the start of the in-vivo skill, resting-state continuous measurement of electrodermal activity (EDA; skin conductance), electrocardiogram (ECG), and respiration (RSP) will be collected at baseline. Study staff members (or the parent, if the adolescent prefers) will attach the electrodes and wireless transmitters (attached by velcro band to participants wrist and torso, on the exterior surface of clothing). After a baseline resting period, participants will be shown four brief film clips from movies or TV shows that have been extensively tested for reliably evoking negative emotions. Participants will be instructed to "watch" two clips, and to use cognitive restructuring to "reappraise" and reduce their emotional response during the remaining two clips (order counter-balanced). Continuous EDA, ECG, and RSP measurement will span the duration of the lab task and a three-minute recovery period that follows. The difference in physiological recovery between the "watch" and "reappraise" clips indexes cognitive restructuring ability.
Skill Retention Assessment. Participants will be sent online self-report surveys via the secure Qualtrics platform at 1-week, 3-months and 6-months follow-up. The interview conducted at pre- and post-skill learning sessions will also be repeated via phone at these timepoints. At 1-week follow-up, the online survey is a memory test for the cognitive restructuring skill. At 3-months follow-up and 6-months follow-up, self-report surveys will assess depression symptom levels, any psychotherapy or psychotropic medication services initiated since the last in-person visit, and the memory test for the cognitive restructuring skill. Adolescent participants will also re-complete the interview from the last in-person visit, conducted over the phone with study staff at all three follow-ups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| FIRST: Repairing Thoughts | Experimental | Behavioral: FIRST: Repairing Thoughts |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 15 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Between the ages 12 years 0 months through 15 years 11 months at study enrollment
- Have clinically elevated depression symptom severity based a cut-off score of ≥ 7 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, verified by clinician ratings on the Depression Rating Scale.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Lifetime presence of a DSM-5 Psychotic or Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Lifetime presence of a neurological or serious medical condition
- Current DSM-5 diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| FIRST: Repairing ThoughtsThis intervention uses the Repairing Thoughts cognitive restructuring module of the FIRST (Feeling Calm, Increasing Motivation, Repairing Thoughts, Solving Problems, Trying the Opposite) cognitive behavioral therapy protocol. This psychotherapy module teaches adolescents that thoughts are linked to feelings and behaviors, and that thoughts are often "guesses" to interpreting the world around us. Adolescents are taught to notice their thoughts in real-time and evaluate the evidence that supports or contradicts the thoughts and interpretation. Adolescents are then taught strategies to re-interpret thoughts in a more realistic manner and notice changes in emotional and behavioral responses. Clinicians are provided with examples to enhance learning, and between-session practice is assigned as "homework." | Behavioural | FIRST: Repairing Thoughts |
Primary outcome
Cognitive Restructuring Skill Acquisition
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention
This primary outcome measure is an idiographic interview. A study staff member will conduct the brief idiographic interview asking participants to identify a stressful or negative event that occurred in the last week that elicited a negative emotional response. Participants will be asked to describe the event in detail, and then prompted to describe how they dealt with the event. Interviewer prompts to identify thoughts will be administered as needed. Interviews will be coded of cognitive restructuring strategies and a summary score of the amount and quality of cognitive restructuring components used will be calculated. Skill acquisition is defined as the summary score at post-intervention, controlling for summary scores at pre-intervention.
Cognitive Restructuring Skill Retention up to 6-months
Time frame: Pre-intervention up to 6-months follow-up
This primary outcome measure is an idiographic interview. A study staff member will conduct the brief idiographic interview asking participants to identify a stressful or negative event that occurred in the last week that elicited a negative emotional response. Participants will be asked to describe the event in detail, and then prompted to describe how they dealt with the event. Interviewer prompts to identify thoughts will be administered as needed. Interviews will be coded of cognitive restructuring strategies and a summary score of the amount and quality of cognitive restructuring components used will be calculated. Retention of the acquired skill is defined as the summary scores at each follow-up (1-week, 3-months, and 6 months post-intervention), controlling for summary scores at post-intervention.
Cognitive Restructuring Knowledge Test
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention
This outcome measure is a two-part self-report scale. The first component asks participants to describe all the steps to the cognitive restructuring skill and assesses knowledge of each component of the cognitive restructuring skill that participants learned. A total score is generated on a scale of 0-5 with higher scores indicating greater recall. The second component includes 10 multiple-choice items presenting hypothetical social scenarios with adolescents and participants are asked to rate the most likely interpretation of the situation. Correct answers reflect a use of cognitive restructuring to interpret ambiguous situations. A total score (0-10) is generated with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. This outcome measure is adapted from an existing self-report tool known as the Skill Acquisition Measure (SAM; Lindhiem and colleagues).
Biobehavioral sympathetic recovery
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention
This primary outcome is a measure of psychophysiological response in the form of electrodermal activity (EDA), also known as skin conductance, which captures autonomic arousal in the sympathetic nervous system. Biobehavioral recovery is defined as the slope of EDA recovery directly following the use of cognitive restructuring in response to a negative emotion induction (film clip).
1 secondary outcome
Biobehavioral parasympathetic regulation
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Nov 2026.
- BackgroundWeisz, J. R., & Bearman, S. K. (2020). Principle-Guided Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: The FIRST Program for Behavioral and Emotional Problems. Guilford Press.
- Background: PubMed 28078572Gilman TL, Shaheen R, Nylocks KM, Halachoff D, Chapman J, Flynn JJ, Matt LM, Coifman KG. A film set for the elicitation of emotion in research: A comprehensive catalog derived from four decades of investigation. Behav Res Methods. 2017 Dec;49(6):2061-2082. doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0842-x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The data and protocol from this study will be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Rachel A Vaughn-Coaxum, Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Pittsburgh
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing FIRST: Repairing Thoughts in people with Depression in Adolescence and Adverse Childhood Experiences, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cognitive Restructuring Skill Acquisition (time frame: Immediately post-intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT04719897, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Nov 2026.