AnxietySTRING-COVIDNCT04497636
Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Migrants in Chile
An observational study of Anxiety and Depression, run by Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile at 1 site in Chile.
Trial summary
The mental health of a representative sample of immigrants residing in Santiago, Chile (STRING cohort) was assessed nine months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T0). Evidence suggests that social isolation affects mental health by increasing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Psychological
- How many people
- 1,092 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChile
- Study dates
- 3 Jul 2020to 18 Apr 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The STRING cohort is comonsed of 1,092 adults residing in private households in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile who were born outside of Chile and had lived in the country for at least 3 months in the first wave.
Who may be able to join
- Country of birth other than Chile
- Time since arrival to Chile: 3 months (at baseline)
Who cannot join
- Unable to understand Spanish
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Immigrants in Santiago, Chile (STRING-COVID)
The mental health of a representative sample of immigrants residing in Santiago, Chile (STRING cohort) was assessed nine months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T0). Evidence suggests that social isolation affects mental health by increasing symptoms of anxiety and depression. One of the main components of the current COVID-19 pandemic is the social isolation imposed on the population. This study seeks to explore the short (T1) and long-term (T2) effects of the pandemic on the psychological wellbeing of the cohort.
Specific aims are to
- Describe the variations in the levels of mental health problems (i.e. symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, sleep difficulties) and wellbeing of immigrants during the first (T1) and second follow-up (T2)
- Calculate the short (T1) and long-term (T2) effects of social isolation on the levels of mental health problems of the immigrant population, and
- Identify risk / protective factors associated with a short (T1) and long-term (T2) increase in mental health problems
Read the detailed description
Participants were interviewed at baseline (T0) 8 months before the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey will be applied in two follow-up moments during the pandemic:
- At 9 months (also 1 month after lockdown measures imposed) (T1)
- At 18 months (also 10 months after lockdown measures imposed) (T2)
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Psychological, Loneliness, Social Isolation
- Keywords
- Migrants, Depression, Anxiety, COVID-19, Within-group longitudinal design
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Stress, Psychological, Social Isolation, COVID-19
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Depressive symptoms
The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer \& Williams, 2001) is used to measure symptoms of depression in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. The questionnaire consists of nine items scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the range of scores from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity, and scores above 10 are considered as the cut-off that indicate that the patient is within the depressive area. Specific cut-off for primary care samples in Chile have been found yielding a cut-off of 7 and above for high sensitivity and specificity (Saldivia, Aslan, Cova, Vicente, Inostroza \& Rincón, 2019).
Changes in depressive symptoms between baseline (T0) and two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Symptoms of anxiety
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams \& Löwe, 2006) is used to measure symptoms of anxiety and worry. The questionnaire consists of seven items scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the scores ranging from 0 to 21. Specific cut-off for primary care samples in Spain have been found yielding a cut-off of 10 and above for high sensitivity and specificity (García-Campayo et al, 2010).
Changes in symptoms of anxiety between baseline (T0) and two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Secondary outcomes (7)
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
The Impact of Events Scale (IES-R; Weiss \& Marmar, 1997) is used to measure symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There scale consists of 22 questions which are scored on a five-point Likert scale (0=not at all, 1=a little bit, 2=moderately, 3=quite a bit, 4=extremely). There are three subscales (i.e., avoidance, intrusion, hyperarousal) and the sum of the three subscales scores comprise the total score. A total score ≥33 indicates the likely presence of PTSD using criteria from the Diagnostic Symptom Manual (DSM-IV).
Changes in symptoms of post-traumatic stress between the two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Changes in sleep difficulties
The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; Bastein CH, et al. 2001) is used to assess the nature, severity, and impact of sleep difficulties. The questionnaire consists of 7 items scored on a five-point Likert scale (0=no problem, 4=very severe problem) with scores ranging from 0 to 28.
Changes in symptoms sleep difficulties between the two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Changes in hazardous and harmful alcohol drinking
Using the three-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Changes in hazardous and harmful alcohol drinking between baseline (T0) and two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Changes in loneliness
Using the three-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Scores range from 3 to 9 with higher scores indicating higher perceived loneliness.
Changes in perceived loneliness between the two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Change in general physical and mental health
Change in general physical and mental health, self-rated, on a VAS scale from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate worse self-reported health.
Changes in perceived general physical and mental health between the two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Measured: Change from last 2 weeks before pandemic to month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Change in mental health symptoms from last 2 weeks before the pandemic to the last 2 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic at T1 and T2.
Change in visual analogue scale-assessed transdiagnostic measures across all psychiatric symptoms in the last 2 weeks compared to the last 2 weeks of "regular life" before the COVID-19 outbreak.
Measured: Change from last 2 weeks before pandemic to month 1 (T1) and to month 10 (T2).
Change in mental health well-being from last 2 weeks before the pandemic to the last 2 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic at T1 and T2.
Change in World Health Organization (WHO)-5 well-being in the last 2 weeks compared to the last 2 weeks of "regular life" before the COVID-19 outbreak.
Measured: Change from last 2 weeks before pandemic to month 1 (T1) and to month 10 (T2).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Aug 2020
- Study start3 Jul 2020
- Primary completion18 Apr 2021
- Study completion18 Apr 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Pontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 1,092 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, Chile
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Antonia Errazuriz, PhD, Principal investigator, Universidad Catolica de Chile
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04497636
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 170519004
- Acronym
- STRING-COVID
- Status last verified
- Aug 2020
- First submitted
- 1 Aug 2020
- Last updated
- 16 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Immigrants in Santiago, Chile (STRING-COVID)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT04497636
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STRING-COVID / 170519004
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Psychological, Loneliness, Social Isolation
- Keywords
- Migrants, Depression, Anxiety, COVID-19, Within-group longitudinal design
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,092 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, Chile
- Study start
- 3 Jul 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Apr 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Apr 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Aug 2020 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The mental health of a representative sample of immigrants residing in Santiago, Chile (STRING cohort) was assessed nine months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T0). Evidence suggests that social isolation affects mental health by increasing symptoms of anxiety and depression. One of the main components of the current COVID-19 pandemic is the social isolation imposed on the population. This study seeks to explore the short (T1) and long-term (T2) effects of the pandemic on the psychological wellbeing of the cohort.
Specific aims are to
- Describe the variations in the levels of mental health problems (i.e. symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, sleep difficulties) and wellbeing of immigrants during the first (T1) and second follow-up (T2)
- Calculate the short (T1) and long-term (T2) effects of social isolation on the levels of mental health problems of the immigrant population, and
- Identify risk / protective factors associated with a short (T1) and long-term (T2) increase in mental health problems
Detailed description
Participants were interviewed at baseline (T0) 8 months before the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey will be applied in two follow-up moments during the pandemic:
- At 9 months (also 1 month after lockdown measures imposed) (T1)
- At 18 months (also 10 months after lockdown measures imposed) (T2)
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The STRING cohort is comonsed of 1,092 adults residing in private households in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile who were born outside of Chile and had lived in the country for at least 3 months in the first wave.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Country of birth other than Chile
- Time since arrival to Chile: 3 months (at baseline)
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Unable to understand Spanish
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Depressive symptoms
Time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer \& Williams, 2001) is used to measure symptoms of depression in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. The questionnaire consists of nine items scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the range of scores from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity, and scores above 10 are considered as the cut-off that indicate that the patient is within the depressive area. Specific cut-off for primary care samples in Chile have been found yielding a cut-off of 7 and above for high sensitivity and specificity (Saldivia, Aslan, Cova, Vicente, Inostroza \& Rincón, 2019). Changes in depressive symptoms between baseline (T0) and two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
Symptoms of anxiety
Time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams \& Löwe, 2006) is used to measure symptoms of anxiety and worry. The questionnaire consists of seven items scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the scores ranging from 0 to 21. Specific cut-off for primary care samples in Spain have been found yielding a cut-off of 10 and above for high sensitivity and specificity (García-Campayo et al, 2010). Changes in symptoms of anxiety between baseline (T0) and two follow-up points (T1 and T2) will be assessed.
7 secondary outcomes
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
Time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Changes in sleep difficulties
Time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Changes in hazardous and harmful alcohol drinking
Time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Changes in loneliness
Time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Change in general physical and mental health
Time frame: Change from last 2 weeks before pandemic to month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)
Change in mental health symptoms from last 2 weeks before the pandemic to the last 2 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic at T1 and T2.
Time frame: Change from last 2 weeks before pandemic to month 1 (T1) and to month 10 (T2).
Change in mental health well-being from last 2 weeks before the pandemic to the last 2 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic at T1 and T2.
Time frame: Change from last 2 weeks before pandemic to month 1 (T1) and to month 10 (T2).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Nov 2021.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Antonia Errazuriz, PhD principal investigator
Universidad Catolica de Chile
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Anxiety and Depression, run by Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile at 1 site in Chile.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Chile. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Depressive symptoms (time frame: Month 1 (T1) and month 10 (T2)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Nov 2021.